Les systèmes bistables connaissent un intérêt croissant motivé, entre autres, par la perspective d'applications en électronique moléculaire. Parmi ces systèmes certains possèdent la capacité d'exister sous deux états électroniques dans les mêmes conditions, i.e. présentant une hystérèse. Deux propriétés sont couramment associées à l'hystérèse, le magnétisme et l'activité rédox. Si ces phénomènes sont connus de longues dates, des zones d'ombre demeurent dans leur mécanisme. Par l'application de calculs ab initio basés sur la fonction d'onde, l'objet de ce travail est de dégager les phénomènes physiques sous-jacents à l'ouverture de boucle d'hystérésis dans les composés à transition de spin (bistabilité magnétique) et dans des complexes de porphyrine (bistabilité rédox). Les ingrédients microscopiques ainsi récoltés sont utilisés pour remonter au comportement macroscopique des matériaux par le biais de modèles thermodynamiques ou de hamiltoniens modèles.

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From a theoretical standpoint, the accurate description of potential energy surfaces for bond breaking and the equilibrium structures of metal-ligand catalysts are distinctly similar problems. Near degeneracies of the bonding and anti-bonding orbitals for the case of bond breaking and of the partially-filled d-orbitals for the case of metal-ligand catalyst systems lead to strong non-dynamical correlation effects. Standard methods of electronic structure theory, as a consequence of the single-reference approximation, are incapable of accurately describing the electronic structure of these seemingly different theoretical problems. The work within highlights the application of multi-reference methods, methods capable of accurately treating these near-degeneracies, for describing the bond-breaking potentials in several small molecular systems and the equilibrium structures of metal-salen catalysts. The central theme of this work is the ability of small, compact reference functions for accurately describing the strong non-dynamical correlation effects in these systems.

Aquest treball teòric estudia l'acoblament magnètic en complexos bi- i trinuclears heterometàl·lics amb lligands pont oxamido, oxamato, ditiooxalato i anàlegs. Per calcular la seva estructura electrònica s'han usat mètodes multireferencials, en particular diferents variants del mètode DDCI, desenvolupat en el grup, i el mètode CASPT2. Per diferents sistemes binuclears coneguts de Cu(II) i Mn(II), l'acoblament magnètic i els mapes de densitat de spin calculats reprodueixen acuradament les dades experimentals. L'acoblament antiferromagnètic en aquests depèn de la transferència de càrrega del lligand al metall, lligada a l'electronegativitat dels àtoms coordinats. En els sistemes hipotètics de tipus Cu(II)-M(II)-Cu(II), on M=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu i Zn, la magnitud de l'acoblament estimada depèn de l'electronegativitat del metall central, anant de feblement ferromagnètic pel Sc a moderadament antiferromagnètic pel Cu. Aquest treball aporta la interpretació microscòpica de l'acoblament en aquests sistemes, així com la validació i/o les limitacions dels mètodes de càlcul emprats. / This theoretical work examines the magnetic coupling in bi- and trinuclear heterometallic transition metal complexes with bridging ligands such as oxamido, oxamato, ditiooxalato and analogues. To calculate their electronic structure multireference methods have been used, including different variants of DDCI method, developed in our group, and CASPT2 method. For different Cu(II)-Mn(II) binuclear known systems, the magnetic couplings and spin density maps calculated accurately reproduce the experimental data. The antiferromagnetic coupling in these compounds depends on the charge transfer from ligand to metal, linked to the electronegativity of coordinated atoms. In the hypothetical systems of type Cu(II)-M(II)-Cu(II), where M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, the magnitude of the estimated coupling depends on the electronegativity of the metal core, going from the weakly ferromagnetic for Sc to moderately antiferromagnetic for Cu. This work provides the microscopic interpretation of the coupling in these systems, as well as the validation and/or limitations of the computational methods used.

The main focus of this thesis is ab initio modeling of core level spectra with a high-level quantum chemical description both of the chemical interactions and of local atomic multiplet effects. In particular, the combination of calculations and synchrotron-based core-level spectroscopy aims at understanding the local structure of the electronic valence in transition metal complexes, and the details of the solvation mechanisms of electrolyte solutions, systems relevant for the dye-sensitized solar cell. Configurational sampling in solution is included through molecular dynamics simulations. Transition metal complexes are studied with x-ray absorption (XA) and resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy, characterizing excited states with atomic site specificity. The theoretical multiconfigurational method, applying an active-space partitioning of the molecular orbitals (RASSCF), is used to assign the transitions observed in spectra of hydrated Ni2+ explicitly, including charge transfer and multiplet effects. Furthermore, the solvent-induced binding energy properties of the I- and I3- anions in aqueous, ethanol, and acetonitrile solutions are analyzed using photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The study shows that specific ion–solvent interactions are important for the core-level binding energy shifts in solution. The special case with I3- dissolved in water, where hydrogen bonding causes breaking of the molecular symmetry, is treated and proves that the geometry changes influence the photoelectron spectrum of aqueous I3- directly.

Title: Theoretical study of spin-orbit coupling on spectra and photophysics of rhenium complexes Author: RNDr. Radka Heydová Department: Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Supervisor: Ing. Stanislav Záliš, CSc., JHI AS CR, v.v.i. Supervisor's e-mail address: stanislav.zalis@jh.inst-cas.cz Abstract: Relativistic effects, especially spin-orbit coupling (SOC), play an essential role in transition metal chemistry and SOC treatment is indispensable for a correct theoretical description. To demonstrate the importance of SOC, the energies and oscillator strengths of vertical transitions for a series of [ReX(CO)3(2,2'-bipyridine)] (X = Cl, Br, I) and [Re(imidazole)(CO)3(1,10-phenanthroline)]+ complexes were calculated in the spin-free (SF) and spin-orbit (SO) conceptual frameworks. Two different computational approaches were adopted: SO-MS-CASPT2 where SOC was added a posteriori using a configuration interaction model (SO-RASSI), and the approximate perturbative SO-TD-DFT method. Relativistic effects were included via the two-component Douglas-Kroll-Hess transformation and the zeroth-order regular approximation in the former and the latter technique, respectively. The SF (i.e. accounting only for the scalar relativistic effects) and SO results from both methods were compared with each other and to available...