Um dos grandes problemas ambientais da atualidade é o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos. Para a preservação do ambiente o tratamento dos resíduos deve ser considerado como uma questão de toda a sociedade. O presente estudo teve o objetivo analisar os impactos da implementação da metodologia CAT - Conhecer, Analisar e Transformar - como estratégia/ ferramenta para o ensino de Ciências, englobando temas relacionados aos resíduos sólidos. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa- ação. Participaram da pesquisa sete alunos da 5ª série/6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola estadual campesina. Em relação aos impactos promovidos pelo projeto, têm-se como principais considerações o aumento do domínio dos conteúdos trabalhados durante a execução da metodologia proposta, a grande participação e o envolvimento dos alunos e o crescimento de assiduidade dos discentes. Considerou-se também que os sujeitos da pesquisa são influenciados por fatores de ordem micro e macrossocial. Os resultados anunciaram outras possibilidades para o currículo e o ensino de Ciências em escola campesinas. Por fim, ressalta-se que execução do projeto possibilitou quantificar o grau de influência de projetos como este na aprendizagem significativa de alunos camponeses. / One of the major environmental problems of today is the management of solid waste. For the preservation of the environment waste treatment must be considered as a matter of the whole society. The present study had the objective of analyzing the impacts of the implementation of the methodology CAT - Knowing, Analyzing and Transforming - as a strategy / tool for the Teaching of Sciences, encompassing themes related to solid waste. The research methodology used was qualitative, of the research- action type. Seven students from the 5th grade / 6th year of Elementary School II participated in a rural state school. In relation to the impacts promoted by the project, we have as main considerations the increase of the content domain worked during the execution of the proposed methodology, the great participation and the involvement of the students and the student growth of attendance. It was also considered that the subjects of the research are influenced by factors of micro and macrossocial order. The results announced other possibilities for curriculum and science education in peasant schools. Finally, it is emphasized that project execution made it possible to quantify the degree of influence of projects such as this on meaningful learning of peasant students.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Water stress, induced by drought or salinity, is the major environmental restriction to plant survive and crop sustainability, specially in semi-arid areas, where they are often associated to high temperatures and high radiation rates. Part of the effects exerted by these abiotic stresses on plant metabolism is mediated by oxidative damage due to an increased production of active oxygen species (AOS). The present study aims to elucidate the interactions and the importance of the catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymatic antioxidants systems in the protection of cowpea leaf tissues [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] against the oxidative damage induced by water deficit and salinity. The experimental approach adopted, involved 3 different experiments, using PEG-induced water stress or NaCl-induced salt stress, combined to the CAT inhibitor 3-Amino-1,2,4-trizole (3-AT) application. These experiments were conduced under two environmental conditions: in a growth chamber, under controlled conditions, and in a greenhouse, under the typical semiarid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. PEG and NaCl treatments were applied to the nutritive solution for 72 h, while the 3-AT was daily sprayed in the shoot. The osmotic stress induced by PEG or NaCl caused acute declines in the transpiration rates, due to increase in stomatal resistance, as well as an intense growth reduction, in the plants cultivated in the greenhouse conditions. The osmotic stressed plants presented significant increases on lipid peroxidation and on the ascorbate content, in addition to a CAT activity reduction. The osmotic stress and 3-AT combination raised the APX activity levels that counteracted, at least in part, the CAT absence. The fall in the CAT activity was related to a strong mRNA expression restraint, followed by an up-regulation of the cytosolic APX mRNA. These results indicate the presence of a controlled synchrony between the expression and enzymatic activity of these antioxidant systems, in the regulation and detoxification of the AOS produced in plant cells, during environmental stresses situations. / O estresse hÃdrico induzido por seca ou salinidade à a principal restriÃÃo ambiental à sobrevivÃncia das plantas e sustentabilidade das culturas, principalmente nas regiÃes semiÃridas, onde estÃo frequentemente associados a altas temperaturas e taxas de luminosidade. Uma grande parte dos efeitos destes estresses ambientais no metabolismo das plantas à mediada por danos oxidativos devido ao aumento na produÃÃo de espÃcies ativas de oxigÃnio (AOS). O presente estudo se propÃs a estudar a interaÃÃo e a importÃncia dos sistemas antioxidantes enzimÃticos da catalase (CAT) e da peroxidase de ascorbato (APX) na proteÃÃo dos tecidos foliares de feijÃo caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] contra os danos oxidativos induzidos por condiÃÃes de deficiÃncia hÃdrica e salinidade. Para isso, foi utilizada uma abordagem experimental envolvendo 3 experimentos, utilizando combinaÃÃes de estresse hÃdrico, induzido por polietilenoglicol (PEG), ou salino, induzido por NaCl, com a pulverizaÃÃo do inibidor de catalases 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazol (3-AT). Estes experimentos foram, ainda, realizados em duas condiÃÃes ambientais: uma em cÃmara de crescimento sob condiÃÃes controladas e em casa de vegetaÃÃo, sob condiÃÃes tÃpicas do semi-Ãrido. O PEG e o NaCl foram aplicados na soluÃÃo nutritiva durante 72 h, e o 3-AT pulverizado diariamente na parte aÃrea. O estresse osmÃtico causado pela aplicaÃÃo de PEG ou de NaCl induziu uma forte reduÃÃo na transpiraÃÃo, associada a uma maior resistÃncia estomÃtica, e uma acentuada reduÃÃo no crescimento nas plantas submetidas as condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo. Houve um considerÃvel aumento na peroxidaÃÃo de lipÃdeos e do conteÃdo do antioxidante ascorbato das plantas tratadas, bem como uma diminuiÃÃo da atividade de CAT. As plantas submetidas a uma combinaÃÃo de estresse osmÃtico e a aplicaÃÃo do 3-AT apresentaram um acentuado aumento da atividade da enzima APX, compensando, em parte a ausÃncia da atividade da enzima CAT. Esta diminuiÃÃo da atividade enzimÃtica de CAT foi acompanhada por uma forte repressÃo dos mRNAs para esta enzima, enquanto que houve uma induÃÃo dos mRNAs da APX citossÃlica. Estes resultados indicam que hà uma controlada sincronia entre a expressÃo e a atividade enzimÃtica destes dois sistemas, na regulaÃÃo e desintoxicaÃÃo das AOS produzidas na cÃlula vegetal, durante situaÃÃes de estresse ambiental.

A postal questionnaire survey located over 700 feral cat colonies. Most were small well - established and lived in association with man, The feral cat population of Britain was estimated to be one million and is concentrated in urban areas. A domestic cat survey indicated a total population of 5.9 million cats in Britain. There appeared to be more females than males and a higher proportion of females than males were neutered. The effect of neutering on a colony of 30 adult cats. living in the grounds of Winwick Hospital, Cheshire, was examined. Individual cats were recognised by differences in coat colour and pattern, and data were collected by direct observation. The colony was studied for one year before and one year after neutering. Before neutering there appeared to be a seasonal fluctuation in numbers as a result of natality$ mortality and migration. Male immigrants were recorded. After neutering the colony remained stable in size and only one (female) immigrant was observed. The ecology and behaviour of 19 cats were studied in terms of home range, the distribution of, sightings in time, and sociability. Before neutering cluster analysis was used to identify groups of similar cats: males$ femalesp nomads and residents, After neutering no such groups could be distinguished and it is suggested that this was a result of changes in hormone balance. A mathematical model was developed for the study of associations within populations. It was shown that the cats tended to form more discrete social groups after neutering with fewer movements between groups. The adult cats were generally in good condition but there was evidence of exposure to feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus. Trapping of cats appeared to be efficient and humane, and neutering was considered to be an acceptable form of population management.

Um dos grandes problemas ambientais da atualidade é o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos. Para a preservação do ambiente o tratamento dos resíduos deve ser considerado como uma questão de toda a sociedade. O presente estudo teve o objetivo analisar os impactos da implementação da metodologia CAT - Conhecer, Analisar e Transformar - como estratégia/ ferramenta para o ensino de Ciências, englobando temas relacionados aos resíduos sólidos. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa- ação. Participaram da pesquisa sete alunos da 5ª série/6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola estadual campesina. Em relação aos impactos promovidos pelo projeto, têm-se como principais considerações o aumento do domínio dos conteúdos trabalhados durante a execução da metodologia proposta, a grande participação e o envolvimento dos alunos e o crescimento de assiduidade dos discentes. Considerou-se também que os sujeitos da pesquisa são influenciados por fatores de ordem micro e macrossocial. Os resultados anunciaram outras possibilidades para o currículo e o ensino de Ciências em escola campesinas. Por fim, ressalta-se que execução do projeto possibilitou quantificar o grau de influência de projetos como este na aprendizagem significativa de alunos camponeses. / One of the major environmental problems of today is the management of solid waste. For the preservation of the environment waste treatment must be considered as a matter of the whole society. The present study had the objective of analyzing the impacts of the implementation of the methodology CAT - Knowing, Analyzing and Transforming - as a strategy / tool for the Teaching of Sciences, encompassing themes related to solid waste. The research methodology used was qualitative, of the research- action type. Seven students from the 5th grade / 6th year of Elementary School II participated in a rural state school. In relation to the impacts promoted by the project, we have as main considerations the increase of the content domain worked during the execution of the proposed methodology, the great participation and the involvement of the students and the student growth of attendance. It was also considered that the subjects of the research are influenced by factors of micro and macrossocial order. The results announced other possibilities for curriculum and science education in peasant schools. Finally, it is emphasized that project execution made it possible to quantify the degree of influence of projects such as this on meaningful learning of peasant students.

Sammanfattning I varje flygfas av en kommersiell flygrutt krävs att navigations- och inflygningshjälpmedlen klarar högt ställda krav på noggrannhet, kontinuitet, tillgänglighet och integritet. Befintliga ILS-landningssystem klarar inte alla de kraven. GBAS, som är en modern teknik, kan däremot ppfylla uppställda krav med hjälp av GPS-satellitsignaler och ge stöd för alla faser av precisionsinflygningskategorier. GBAS-teknik kan ersätta ILS-tekniken och göra flygtrafiken säkrare under olika flygfaser. Systemet tillämpar konceptet "differentiella korrigeringar" för att förstärka GPS-satellitsignaler och överföra korrigeringar från GNSS-data till utrustade flygplan i närheten av en flygplats. Detta möjliggör att angränsade flygplatser kan förses med behövligt stöd och möjliggöra precisionsinflygningar upp till CAT III. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att analysera GBAS-system och dess effekter på en flygplats och jämföra det med ILS-system för att bedöma vilket som är bäst. Sedan om möjligt ge förslag på hur man kan rädda små flygplatser med hjälp av GBAS-teknik. Arbetet inleddes med informationsinsamling om systemets tekniska och operativa kriterier. Utifrån denna information skapades ett analysschema för att analysera skillnaderna mellan landningssystemen. Resultaten av arbetet och analysschemat visar att GBAS-systemet bedöms vara mer ändamålsenligt med avseende på ekonomiska, tekniska och operativa förhållanden jämfört med ILS-systemet. Analyserna tyder också på att GBAS är ett bättre alternativ än ILS på små flygplatser och att man kan använda resultaten som verktyg för att identifiera olika problem med ILS-systemet. / Abstract Nowadays we have two general rules for flight: VFR (Visual Flight Rules) and IFR (Instrument Flight Rules). VFR can only be used according to visual flight rules, where the pilot always has visual contact with the ground. In low visibility conditions (such as fog, snow, low clouds level, rain and darkness) the pilot uses ILS (Instrument Landing System) to position the aircraft for approach and landing. Those situations at ILS are categorized into three different stages: CAT I, CAT II and CAT III. The categories are based on the sight (visibility conditions). ILS is sensitive to nearby radio signals from other devices and to buildings around the airport and cannot guide multiple aircraft simultaneously. At the same time the critical and sensitive areas of the ILS result in a reduction of the throughput under low-visibility conditions. In addition, the system is expensive and requires great maintenance. Another important disadvantage of this system is that it allows only straight approach (Not curved flying within landing and approach). Most of the airports’ landing systems have some inaccuracy and unreliability. It is due to older models and systems. Systems like ILS, VOR, TLS, MLS, GPS, GNSS, etc., have been constantly modernized and are used to reduce the risk of incidents and accidents during approach and landing phases which are crucial steps in the flight. However, the GPS (Global Position System) precision method cannot alone meet ICAO’s (International Civil Aviation Organization) requirements when additional accuracy, integrity, accessibility and continuity are required. In order to meet the ICAO requirements, one needs to strengthen the GNSS’s performance by using the GBAS system and guaranteeing very high performance in a given coverage area such as, an airport. The current GBAS has already been certified for CAT1 and can be improved to ICAO requirements. CAT II / III has already been developed by the ICAO Navigation System Panel (NSP) but not yet appended to Annex 10 as an alternative to ILS. Annex 10 is an ICAO regulation that contains all standards and practices for aviation telecommunications. This thesis study provides an overall overview of the aircraft’s performance with different aids and specifies new landing system and compares with some of the existing systems. Limitations are studied in order to analyze the best available new system that can be achieved.

A postal questionnaire survey located over 700 feral cat colonies. Most were small well - established and lived in association with man, The feral cat population of Britain was estimated to be one million and is concentrated in urban areas. A domestic cat survey indicated a total population of 5.9 million cats in Britain. There appeared to be more females than males and a higher proportion of females than males were neutered. The effect of neutering on a colony of 30 adult cats. living in the grounds of Winwick Hospital, Cheshire, was examined. Individual cats were recognised by differences in coat colour and pattern, and data were collected by direct observation. The colony was studied for one year before and one year after neutering. Before neutering there appeared to be a seasonal fluctuation in numbers as a result of natality$ mortality and migration. Male immigrants were recorded. After neutering the colony remained stable in size and only one (female) immigrant was observed. The ecology and behaviour of 19 cats were studied in terms of home range, the distribution of, sightings in time, and sociability. Before neutering cluster analysis was used to identify groups of similar cats: males$ femalesp nomads and residents, After neutering no such groups could be distinguished and it is suggested that this was a result of changes in hormone balance. A mathematical model was developed for the study of associations within populations. It was shown that the cats tended to form more discrete social groups after neutering with fewer movements between groups. The adult cats were generally in good condition but there was evidence of exposure to feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus. Trapping of cats appeared to be efficient and humane, and neutering was considered to be an acceptable form of population management. / Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Feral Cat Working Party.

No description available.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / FAA is currently evaluating DGPS based CAT III Landing Systems for use as the next generation commercial aviation landing system standard. Any technique to validate such a DGPS based system must have at least equivalent accuracy. A laser position tracking system coupled with a high performance real-time computational capability was developed providing real-time analysis of performance. This real-time performance measurement system was key in enabling the quick completion of a large number of test approach and landings needed to achieve statistically accurate results.

The purpose of the present study was sixfold: 1. To study the effects of x-irradiation on spinal cord activity. 2. To study the effects of CNS drugs on spinal cord function as reflected by changes in the ventral root potentials. 3. To ascertain whether one can alter the observed spinal response to ionizing radiation by applying CNS drugs prior to, during, and following x-irradiation of a given spinal cord segment. 4. To shed some light on the role of higher brain centers on spinal reflexes. 5. To shed some light on the loci of radiation insult to the spinal cord. 6. To establish evidence for a possible drug-irradiation interaction in mammals.

The mechanism of Holocene barrier formation aids in determining island geomorphologic responses to modifying climatic processes of the surrounding environment. The geometry and composition of local antecedent topography plays a role in barrier formation by providing an elevated base, nucleus for sedimentation and local sediment supply. Investigation of barriers' subsurface geology provides insight into island formation and evolution. High-resolution shallow seismic data acquired in the island's nearshore zone and interior canals, correlated with existing drillcore data, reveal that Cat Island, MS is situated over an Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 Phase 3 paleochannel located between two topographic high-grounds of the Pleistocene surface. Beach ridge strandplain sets on Cat Island provide additional evidence supporting the island's formation over a relict depocenter. A new, 4-stage model for Cat Island development and evolution incorporating the influence of pre-existing topographic high-grounds and abundant local sediment supply provided by a backfilling fluvial channel is presented here.