Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1976. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-75).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1973. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-64).

Rapid advances in electronic communication devices and technologies have resulted in a shift in the way communication applications are being developed. These new development strategies provide abstract views of the underlying communication technologies and lead to the so-called user-centric communication applications. One user-centric communication (UCC) initiative is the Communication Virtual Machine (CVM) technology, which uses the Communication Modeling Language (CML) for modeling communication services and the CVM for realizing these services. In communication-intensive domains such as telemedicine and disaster management, there is an increasing need for user-centric communication applications that are domain-specific and that support the dynamic coordination of communication services commonly found in collaborative communication scenarios. However, UCC approaches like the CVM offer little support for the dynamic coordination of communication services resulting from inherent dependencies between individual steps of a collaboration task. Users either have to manually coordinate communication services, or reply on a process modeling technique to build customized solutions for services in a specific domain that are usually costly, rigidly defined and technology specific. This dissertation proposes a domain-specific modeling approach to address this problem by extending the CVM technology with communication-specific abstractions of workflow concepts commonly found in business processes. The extension involves (1) the definition of the Workflow Communication Modeling Language (WF-CML), a superset of CML, and (2) the extension of the functionality of CVM to process communication-specific workflows. The definition of WF-CML includes the metamodel and the dynamic semantics for control constructs and concurrency. We also extended the CVM prototype to handle the modeling and realization of WF-CML models. A comparative study of the proposed approach with other workflow environments validates the claimed benefits of WF-CML and CVM.

The overwhelming prevalence of cardiac related deaths is the motivation behind this thesis to develop body centric antennas for wireless cardiac monitoring. Cardiac monitoring can diagnose a number of conditions including: arrhythmia, ischemia, premature atrial complexes, abnormal sinus rhythms, heart blocks, atrial fibrillation, and more. A body centric antenna operating within the ISM band (2.4-2.48GHz) has been designed, simulated, and tested. The simulation and testing indicate low mutual coupling between antennas of varying distances has been achieved. In addition, the simulation and testing indicate that a thin layer of skin over the test subject further reduces mutual coupling.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Human Centric Lighting in a classroom. Previous studies tend to focus primarily on the biological, non-visual, effects of the HCL. In this study, a more holistic approach to HCL is applied, including both the non-visual aspects as well as the visual and emotional aspects.   In order to fulfil the aim of the study, the three aspects - visual, emotional and biological - will be investigated through five different methodologies; observation and analysis of lighting distribution and behavioural analysis of lighting system as a visual aspect, surveys about the mood and emotions as an emotional aspect and visual performance and visual acuity as a biological aspect.   The evaluation took place in the elementary school Sturebyskolan in Stockholm, where a classroom with a HCL-system is to be found. The system includes three lighting settings; 800 lx, 6000 K (energy light/focus light), 500 lx, 4000 K (standard/normal light) and 300 lx, 3000 K (calm/relaxed light).   Results show positive effect on performance and better visual acuity in focus lighting than in relaxed lighting. Focus lighting was perceived as a cold and hard lighting for tests, while the relaxed lighting was perceived as a warm and calm lighting for a cosy feeling. The lighting characteristics are suited for a typical classroom. The ignorance of the lighting system can be a problem for the experience and usage of the lighting in the classroom.   In summary, to denominate a lighting system as HCL and only consider the altered colour temperature and light intensity is not comprehensive enough. A HCL-system needs to consider the visual, emotional and biological aspects, and the biological aspect is explicitly considered in this lighting-system, whilst the emotional and visual aspects are more ambiguously considered.   As a proposal to consider all three aspects, several layers of light could be added in order to strengthen the visual aspect and create a vivid and interesting atmosphere. Moreover, conscious arrangement of luminaires and luminaires with flexible characteristics could simplify and broaden the opportunities in the classroom and facilitate the use of light layers.

Over the past few years Information-Centric Networking, a networking architecture in which host-to-content communication protocols are introduced, has been gaining much attention. A central component of such an architecture is a large-scale interconnected caching system. To date, the modeling of these cache networks, as well as understanding of how they should be managed, are both in their infancy. This dissertation sets out to consider both of these challenges. We consider approximate and bounding analysis of cache network performance, the convergence of such systems to steady-state, and the manner in which content should be searched for in a cache network. Taken as a whole, the work presented here constitutes an array of fundamental tools for addressing the challenges posed by this new and exciting field.

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The growth in cities has sparked an increase in the cost of living, making it harder for local residents and families to remain in the city. In Washington DC, the gentrification of neighborhoods and lack of affordable housing is causing low-income residents to be displaced and forcing them to look elsewhere for affordable options. The DC neighborhood, Navy Yard, saw one of the most intense displacements of low-income residents. My thesis asks the question: can architecture and its design sustain the primary function of housing but also create a positive long-lasting effect on the occupants' wellbeing? In navigating that question, my thesis explores how human-centered design provides sustainable housing options for low-income residents while also supporting and strengthening the already existing communities within the city. The building, designed for single-parents with children, serves as a space of refuge and community despite the loneliness and isolation that can come with living in a city. All the individual spaces create a building that understands the needs of its occupants, and re-defines how affordable housing should be designed.The private amenities, used exclusively by its occupants, positively adds to their everyday comfort and serves as a place of gathering for those living in the building. The public spaces included in the building address the needs of the neighborhood and provide support to the surrounding residents as well. This project was designed to create spaces that improve the occupants mental and physical health, and design an infrastructure that will affordably sustain itself for years to come. Incorporating biophilic and human-centric design allows the focus to shift from simply creating housing to also investing in the quality of life of our residents. / Master of Architecture / The growth in cities and rise in the cost of living, has made it harder for local residents and families to continue living in the city. In Washington DC, the development of neighborhoods and lack of affordable housing is forcing low-income residents to move and look elsewhere for affordable options. My thesis asks the question: can affordable housing be more than just a place of refuge, but can it also improve the residents wellbeing and strengthen the surrounding community. The design of this building focuses on the importance and the effect that a healthy building and a strong community can have on a single-parent and their child. Each space within the building was designed with the families in mind and the value it brings to their wellbeing. The private spaces gives the residents a support system and a space to gather. The public spaces included in the building provide support to the neighborhood and allows for the entire community to interact. Using my research and by incorporating design elements that are scientifically-proven to have positive benefits to the residents mental and physical health, a building is created that adds value to the residents everyday life. The goal is to design spaces that improve the occupants mental and physical health, and design a building that creates a community within and with the surrounding neighborhood. With the resident's health and wellness in the center of the design, my building shifts the focus from simply creating housing to also investing in the quality of life of our residents.

Sri Lanka har varit skådeplatsen för ett av nutidens blodigaste och längsta uppror. LTTE bedrev ett uppror med en separatistisk målsättning att skapa en egen Tamilsk stat på norra Sri Lanka. LTTE hade segern inom räckhåll 2006, men den Singalesiska regeringen lyckades vända LTTE framgång. En regeringsoffensiv 2008-2009 resulterade i ett totalt militärt nederlag för LTTE. David Galulas teorier kring COIN har influerat författarna till FM 3-24. FM 3-24 tillsammans med författarna Nagl och Kilcullen kan ses utgöra den nutida dominerande teoribildningen kring COIN vilket benämns som people-centric COIN. People-centric har som målsättning att bryta konnektiviteten mellan insurgenten och lokalbefolkningen. Kritiker mot FM 3-24 anser att doktrinen är för tandlös och vill istället fokusera på att nedkämpa insurgenten. Denna teoribildning benämns enemy-centric COIN.

To know your whereabouts is important and sometimes exact position is the determinant of success or not. Since the launch of the USA made Global Positioning System (GPS) in the late 1970s, global tracking has been available both for military and civilian use. Today, satellite based systems like the American GPS, European Galileo and the Russian GLONASS are the standard for basically any navigation or location application. However these systems are limited by the fact that they must have connection with multiple satellites in order to work. This means that satellite dependent systems are very limited in indoor environments. Despite this, there is no standard for indoor positioning systems (IPSs) even close to the satellite dependent systems when it regards distribution and accessibility for use where satellite dependent systems are limited or not working. However, this new age of connectivity provides a number of options for positioning indoors. There are some systems available, but very few of them provide good enough accuracy. This Master thesis evaluates different options for indoor positioning using technologies that are available in smart devices and smart phones, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and focuses on indoor positioning systems that can provide high accuracy. The current state of the technologies and the possible future for them, considering rising need and interest in indoor positioning systems are covered in this thesis. A selection of technologies and approaches are explored, tested in conditions designed for this purpose and evaluated to highlight their differences in approach, accuracy and usability. In order to achieve the goals of this thesis, a hybrid method of experimental research design and system development is selected as the main research method. The hybrid method is focused on experimental research, and is used to investigate if the accuracy of the positioning data can be affected and improved by tuning independent variables in an IPS. To be able to do this, an application for smart devices, such as android smartphones, is developed. The application developed is the heart of the conceptual crossover IPS (CCIPS), which is named Locantis, that is being developed and used in the experimental stages of this investigation. It is also used to test the hypothesis that a CCIPS could be a valid contender for replacing the established IPSs. The observations show how the accuracy and precision of the location data is affected by change to independent variables in an IPS and how well a CCIPS can meet real time requirement’s. The main conclusion is that changes to independent variables have greater impact on the precision than the accuracy for location data in an IPS and that a CCIPS in many cases are the sensible choice of IPS. / Att veta var du befinner dig är viktigt och ibland är exakt position avgörande för framgång. Sedan lanseringen av amerikanska Global Positioning System (GPS) i slutet av 1970 har global navigation varit tillgängliga för både militärt och civilt bruk. Idag är satellitbaserade system, som det amerikanska GPS, europeiska Galileo och det ryska GLONASS, standard för i princip alla navigering eller platsinformation. Men dessa system är begränsade av det faktum att de måste ha kontakt med flera satelliter för att fungera. Detta innebär att satellitberoende system är mycket begränsad i inomhusmiljöer. Trots detta finns det ingen standard för inomhus positioneringssystem (IPSS) som kan mäta sig med de satellitberoende systemen när det gäller distribution och tillgänglighet. Men denna nya generationens kommunikation ger ett antal alternativ för positionering inomhus. Det finns IPS tillgängliga idag, men väldigt få av dem kan tillhandahålla en hög noggrannhet på positioneringen. Detta examensarbete utvärderar olika alternativ för inomhuspositionering med teknologier som är tillgängliga i smarta enheter och smarta telefoner, som Wi-Fi och Bluetooth, fokus ligger på inomhus positioneringssystem som kan ge hög noggrannhet. Det aktuella läget för dessa teknologier och dess möjliga framtid, med tanke på stigande behov och intresse av inomhus positioneringssystem, behandlas i detta examensarbete. Ett urval av teknologier och metoder utforskas, testas under förhållanden utformade för detta ändamål, och utvärderas för att lyfta fram sina skillnader i tillvägagångssätt, noggrannhet och användbarhet. För att uppnå målen i detta examensarbete har en hybrid metod för experimentell designforskning och systemutveckling valts som huvudsaklig forskningsmetod. Hybridmetoden fokuserar på experimentell forskning och används för att undersöka om positioneringsdatas noggrannhet kan påverkas och förbättras genom att förändra oberoende variabler i ett IPS. För att kunna göra detta har en applikation för smarta enheter, så som Android, utvecklats. Applikationen som utvecklats är hjärtat i det konceptuella kombinations inomhuspositioneringssystem Locantis som utvecklas och används i det experimentella stadiet i denna undersökning. Den används också för att testa hypotesen att en CCIPS kunde vara en giltig kandidat för att ersätta den etablerade IPSer. Observationerna visa hur noggrannhet och precision av positioneringsdata påverkas av förändring på oberoende variabler i ett IPS och hur väl ett CCIPS kan uppfylla realtidskravet talet. Huvudslutsatsen är att förändringar på oberoende variabler har större inverkan på precision än noggrannheten för lokaliseringsuppgifter i en IPS och att ett CCIPS i många fall är det klokt val av IPS.