As bombas centrífugas com vedações à base de gaxetas possuem uma boa eficiência, porém impõem ao sistema de bombeamento, perdas do produto recalcado. Estas são variáveis que norteiam fatores relacionados às condições físicas do equipamento, como por exemplo, o desgaste excessivo das buchas, falta da regulagem adequada e até mesmo o porte das bombas. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi identificar e quantificar os vazamentos provenientes das vedações das bombas centrífugas que operam em regime permanente e propor a substituição do sistema de vedação com gaxetas por sêlos mecânicos com maior eficiência, na Estação Elevatória de Água Tratada de Itaquera pertencente à empresa SABESP Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo, localizada na Avenida Virgínia Ferne, n 1036 - Itaquera, na cidade de São Paulo. Pôde-se observar com os resultados, que o investimento é totalmente amortizado a partir do 4 ano de operação do selo mecânico, bem como a economia com os vazamentos de água e energia elétrica. O novo dispositivo mostrou-se eficaz na questão de implantação e manutenção, sendo que cabe um investimento inicial a ser disponibilizado pela empresa interessada. / The centrifugal pumps with sealing based on gaskets have a good efficiency, but, impose to the pumping system, losses of product to be pumped. These ones, are variables that guide related factors to physical condition of equipments, for example, exceeding wearing of the sleeves (wad), and a lack of a proper adjustment and even the pumps size. The main objective of this research was to identify and quantify the leakages originated from the sealing of centrifugal pumps which operates in permanent regime, at Lifting Station treated Water of Itaquera, belonging to the company SABESP - Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo, located at Avenida Virgínia Ferne, n 1036 - Itaquera, city of São Paulo. We could find out with the results, that the investment is totally amortized from the 4th year of mechanical sealing operation, as well as the economy with the leakages of water and electrical energy. The new device has shown efficiency in implementation and maintenance, and an investment should be made by an interested company due to its efficiency.

Os objetivos principais deste trabalho foram planejar, executar e analisar os resultados de uma campanha de ensaios de concentração de minerais em um jigue centrífugo. O programa de ensaios permitiu a análise da influência de variáveis operacionais do equipamento no desempenho metalúrgico do processo de concentração. As investigações tiveram por meta estabelecer o desempenho metalúrgico por faixas granulométricas discretas tanto em termos de recuperações como de enriquecimentos. Para tanto foi selecionado o rejeito de uma operação de concentração de minerais sulfetados polimetálicos. O método de trabalho consistiu na caracterização tecnológica do rejeito e execução dos ensaios de concentração no jigue centrífugo Kelsey variando três parâmetros principais: velocidade de rotação, freqüência e amplitude de pulsação. Os resultados dos ensaios foram analisados em termos de recuperações e enriquecimentos dos elementos de interesse, como níquel, cobre e enxofre, além de óxido de magnésio, principal contaminante dos concentrados. O desempenho da campanha de ensaios indicou valores significativos de recuperação e enriquecimento dos elementos de interesse, bem como redução importante de óxido de magnésio nos concentrados obtidos. / The present work describes an experimental program designed to assess the metallurgical performance of a centrifugal jig. The variations in the main operating conditions were analysed in terms of both metallurgical recovery and grades by size fraction in concentrates. The tailings of a sulphide mineral concentration plant were sampled, prepared and submited to technical characterization as a preparation for the testing campaign. A Kelsey centrifugal jig was used in the testing program which included variation in rotating speed, frequency and stroke of pulse. The results were analysed in terms of recovery and concentration of nickel, copper and sulphur, as well as magnesium oxide which was the main contaminant. The general performance of the tests indicated high values in recovery of the selected elements, as well as significant reductions of contaminant in the concentrates.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peres_GustavoSchultz_M.pdf: 3246760 bytes, checksum: 3e597eb1e2f79e14822d3a7a24d80128 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O método de elevação artificial através do bombeio centrífugo submerso (BCS) é amplamente conhecido na produção de petróleo. Uma alternativa a este método é o hydraulic submersible pump (HSP) que consiste de uma bomba submersa acoplada ao mesmo eixo de uma turbina hidráulica, que é acionada através do fluido a elevada pressão fornecido por uma bomba booster na superfície. As vantagens do sistema HSP em comparação ao (BCS) nas aplicações offshore tem sido discutidas, principalmente devido as suas características de ampla faixa operacional, altas velocidades de rotação e maior tempo médio entre falhas. Em vista disto, o presente estudo avalia o desempenho de uma bomba centrífuga operando como turbina, ou seja, operando em modo reverso, para o acionamento de outras bombas em sistemas de elevação de petróleo. O rotor de uma bomba submersa convencional, operando como turbina, foi investigado. Um arranjo experimental específico foi construído para as medidas dos parâmetros de desempenho, torque, velocidade de rotação, vazão e altura manométrica na turbina, coletados de acordo com dois procedimentos propostos. Curvas de desempenho de altura manométrica, potência de eixo e eficiência são apresentadas e uma comparação com o desempenho do mesmo rotor operando como bomba é discutida. Um método disponível na literatura para estimar os parâmetros de desempenho da turbina a partir dos respectivos parâmetros da bomba, foi utilizado para comparação com os dados experimentais / Abstract: The method of artificial lift through a conventional electrical submersible pump (ESP) is well known in petroleum production. The alternative hydraulic submersible pump technology (HSP) consists of a submersible pump coupled to the same shaft of a hydraulic turbine, which is driven by high pressure water from a surface booster pump. The advantages of the HSP system over the conventional ESP for offshore applications have been discussed, mainly due to its characteristics of wider operating range, higher rotation speeds and higher mean time to failure (MTTF). In view of this, the present study is aimed at the performance evaluation of a centrifugal pump working as turbine (PAT), i.e., operating in reverse mode, to drive another pumps in artificial lift systems. The impeller of a conventional submersible pump operating as turbine was investigated. A specific apparatus was built for measurement of performance parameters such as torque, rotation speed, flow rate and pressure drop through the turbine, collected according two proposed procedures. Performance curves such as head, brake power and efficiency are presented and a comparison with the performance of the same impeller operating as pump is discussed. A method available in the literature to derive the turbine performance parameters from the correspondent pump performance was used for comparison with data / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T23:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bragantini_MauroFernando_M.pdf: 5693941 bytes, checksum: bef9d874ab134a24eff92a6991db0e51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: As bombas centrífugas submersas (BCS) são largamente empregadas para elevação artificial de petróleo, sendo, na sua configuração básica, acionadas por motores elétricos. Os motores elétricos são o elo mais sensível deste equipamento, apresentando baixo MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure), ocasionando intervenções custosas para o seu reparo e/ou substituição nas plataformas off-shore de produção de petróleo. O acionamento da BCS por outro meio é uma alternativa para aumento deste MTBF e a utilização de uma turbina hidráulica como força motriz uma possibilidade já viabilizada tecnicamente. Os produtos existentes no mercado, neste arranjo, BCS+Turbina, são denominados de HSP (Hydraulic Submersible pump). Devido às características construtivas da BCS, múltiplos estágios em série, diâmetro externo reduzido e acoplamento direto com o acionador, o projeto da turbina deve ser alinhado com estes requisitos. Este trabalho investiga a definição da carga de certa BCS bombeando óleo, analisa os diferentes métodos de predição do comportamento desta mesma BCS funcionando como turbina como opção de acionamento, estabelece as condições de projeto deste arranjo, o constrói, o ensaia e compara os resultados com as metolodogias de predição pesquisadas / Abstract: Bore-hole electrical submersible pumps (ESP) are largely used as oil artificial lift alternative. Electrical motor is the most sensitive component of this equipment presenting low MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) causing high cost operations to fit or replace it on oil production off-shore platforms. ESP driving by another mean is an alternative to increase MTBF and a hydraulic turbine as driver is a technical possibility already available. Market existing products on this arrangement are called HSP (Hydraulic Submersible pump). Due to ESP constructive characteristics like multiple stages, reduced bore-hole diameter and direct coupled to the driver the turbine design should meet these requirements. This work investigates certain SP (Submersible Pump) load when pumping oil and the different prediction methods of this same SP running as turbine as drive option, also establishes the design conditions of this arrangement, builds it, tests it and compares the results against the researched prediction methodologies / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Les matériaux composites à matrice céramique CMC, sont généralement formés d’au moins deux matériaux ayant une forte capacité d’adhésion. Ces matériaux sont principalement composés de renforts fibreux assurant la tenue mécanique de la structure et d’une matrice qui permet sa cohésion. Utilisées principalement dans le domaine de l’aéronautique, elles sont reconnues pour leur bonne tenue mécanique, leur réfractarité élevée tout en conservant une densité faible. Par contre, l’inconvénient majeur associé à ces matériaux est l’apparition de fissures qui sont dues soit au procédé de fabrication soit aux sollicitations mécaniques externes.Dans ce travail, une attention toute particulière est consacrée aux composites à matrice auto-cicatrisante dont la principale propriété est l'aptitude à "réparer" les effets de la fissure par formation d'un verre visqueux.Ces verres visqueux se forment au sein de la fissure grâce à l’oxydation des éléments qui constituent la matrice. Selon la température, différents verres peuvent être formés.Leur fonction est de reboucher les fissures de taille micrométrique de façon à ralentir la diffusion de l'oxygène en direction des fibres et éviter leur rupture par oxydation.Cependant, pour des systèmes en rotation rapide tels que les turbines basse pression des moteurs d’avion (pièce étudiée actuellement), on peut s'interroger quant à la mobilisation du verre visqueux cicatrisant dans un système complexe géométriquement et inhomogène du point de vue de la nature des surfaces. Pour approcher le comportement du verre cicatrisant dans un système modèle mais néanmoins réaliste, une approche de modélisation numérique a été entreprise. L'outil numérique utilisé pour cette étude est le code de calcul Thétis développé à l’I2M. Celui-ci est adapté à ce type de simulation puisqu'il permet la modélisation d'écoulements diphasiques incluant des phénomènes physiques complexes tels que le mouillage. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail est-il de déterminer les limites d'utilisation de ce type de matériau en fonction des conditions auxquels il est soumis en évaluant la mobilité du verre cicatrisant dans la fissure. / The Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) are generally formed of at least two materials having strong adhesion ability. These materials are mainly composed of fibrous reinforcement which ensures the mechanical resistance of the structure and a matrix which allows its cohesion.Used mainly in aerospace, the CMCs are highly valued for their good mechanical strength, their good refractory properties associated with a low density.However, the major drawback of these materials is cracks formation due to manufacturing process or to external mechanical stresses.In this study, we focus on composite materials having self-healing properties. These materials have the ability to produce healing viscous glasses in presence of oxygen.These viscous glasses are formed in the crack under the influence of oxidation of matrix compounds. Depending on the temperature level, glasses of different natures are formed.Their main role is to reseal the micrometric cracks, to limit oxygen access to the fibers in order to prevent their rupture by oxidation.However, for fast rotating systems such as the low pressure turbine of aircraft engines, we may question about mobilization of such a viscous glass in a system characterized by a complex geometry and chemically inhomogeneous surfaces.Therefore, a numerical approach was undertaken, using "Thetis" software. Developed at I2M, this software allows us modelling two-phase flow in model simplified geometry (reflecting however reality) including complex phenomena such as wetting. Numerical results yield to the determination of operating limitations of CMCs in terms of healing efficiency as a function of external mechanical stresses (rotation) and crack geometry.

This thesis constitutes detailed computational investigation on ow through the passages of a centrifugal compressor used for turbocharging applications. Given the dynamic nature of operation of the turbocharger, it becomes necessary to under- stand the ow that occurs within the blade passages and its e ect on performance. CFD is an established computational technique wherein the ow is dissected to fun- damental levels and a detailed picture is presented, application of this technique with limited and diverse sense towards understanding of ows through a turbocharger compressor has been successfully carried out by many before. This work presented attempts to address many of the lacuna reported and carries forward the work of several researchers to ll in the gaps. The complexity of the geometry of the blade shape poses many challenges in model- ing within the virtual space, an e ective way to overcome the obstacles is presented as a part of this work. Grid generation of the impeller and casing are discussed and adaptive approach is followed with generation of hexahedral grids for the impeller whereas tetrahedral for the casing. Since the grids of the impeller and its casing are di erent, ways of interfacing between the two domains in a CFD environment is discussed. An industry standard implicit 3D RANS solver was used to carry out the simula- tions. The importance of use of boundary conditions for the domain at unsteady operating points is presented in detail. On the choice made for turbulence model that governs the validity of the solution obtained, an extensive literature survey of the relevant topic as applicable for centrifugal compressors is presented and logic of the choice made for the present work is discussed. Menter's two equation SST-k! model emerges as the clear choice to be used even though the di erence in perfor- mance predictions by other turbulence models are insigni cant. Dynamics of ow at optimum design point, surge and choke of the compressor are presented in detail. With the geometry modeled with a tip clearance and the casing included within the simulation environment, it can be seen that the performance predicted is closer to actual at all operating points. A study of behavior of the compressor at extreme o design points is carried out and it can be seen that it depicts the trends that are seen in experimental works available in open literature. The distortion of pressure within the vaneless di user and the inviscid nature of the ow within the volute space are e ectively captured and an in depth analysis is carried out to uncover new patterns. A parametric study involving important geometric features such as the tip clearance and wrap angles are conducted leading to discovery of anomalies. The work summarizes to point out that the investigation carried out with the CFD simulations comprehensively leads to uncovering of ow dynamics within a complex system such as the centrifugal compressor within the limits of numerical analysis.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un nouvel instrument de chromatographie de partage centrifuge (CPC) dédié à la purification de molécules très polaires. La CPC est une technique préparative permettant la séparation des molécules grâce à l'utilisation d'un système solvant constitué de deux liquides non miscibles. Ce manuscrit expose dans un premier temps les différentes techniques de purification de protéines utilisées dans le cas d'un procédé industriel de production. Un focus est réalisé sur l'utilisation de systèmes biphasiques aqueux pour la purification des biomolécules, qui représente un réel avenir dans l'industrie du fait de son faible coût, de sa facilité de montée en échelle et surtout de l'environnement favorable qu'il fournit aux biomolécules. Ainsi en se basant sur les avantages de ces systèmes solvants dits Aqueous Two Phase Systems (ATPS), la CPC pourrait apporter une efficacité supplémentaire permettant de purifier les protéines à moindre coût. Pour pouvoir répondre à cet enjeu industriel, il est nécessaire de développer à la fois des méthodes chromatographiques innovantes et de nouveaux instruments dédiés. En effet, les instruments de CPC actuels ne sont pas compatibles avec les Bonne Pratique de Fabrication du fait de la présence de joints téflons qui empêche la possibilité de stériliser les instruments. La fabrication d'un nouvel instrument monobloc entièrement en titane a été réalisée grâce à la technologie de l'impression 3D pour répondre à cette problématique. L'objet de cette thèse est l'évaluation poussée des performances de cette nouvelle colonne afin de déterminer son applicabilité à la purification des biomolécules. Un focus sera également apporté à l'injection de volumes très faibles d'échantillon afin de faciliter le développement de méthodes / The aim of this thesis is to develop a new centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) instrument in order to purify highly polar molecules. CPC is a preparative technique for the separation of molecules using a solvent system composed of two immiscible liquids. This manuscript describes the different protein purification techniques used in industrial production process. A focus is made on the use of aqueous biphasic systems for the purification of biomolecules, which represents a real trend in the industry thanks to its low cost, scaling simplicity and especially the favorable environment that it provides to biomolecules. Thus, based on the advantages of these solvent systems known as Aqueous Two Phase Systems (ATPS), CPC could provide additional performances to purify proteins at lower cost. To respond to this industrial challenge, it is necessary to develop both innovative chromatographic methods and new devoted instruments. Indeed, current CPC instruments are not compatible with Good Manufacturing Practices due to the presence of Teflon seals which prevents the possibility of sterilizing the instruments. The manufacture of a new monobloc instrument entirely made of titanium was achieved thanks to the 3D printing technology. The purpose of this thesis is the evaluation of this new column performance in order to determine its applicability to biomolecules purification. A special attention is also provided to the injection of very small sample volumes in order to facilitate method development

L'amélioration de la performance des turbomachines fonctionnant loin de leur point d'adaptation passe par la maîtrise des phénomènes instationnaires qui se produisent dans ces différents organes. L'étude présentée ici se concentre sur les interactions entre une roue de ventilateur centrifuge et son diffuseur. Elle vise, par des mesures de pression sur les différentes parois du diffuseur, ainsi que par des sondages dans les canaux inter-aubages à analyser finement ces phénomènes instationnaires et notamment les décollements fluctuants apparaissant sur les aubes à sur débit, et à mesurer leur influence sur la performance du diffuseur. Dans un second temps, un dispositif de contrôle passif de ces décollements utilisant des générateurs de vortex est proposé. Plusieurs configurations sont testés et leurs résultats sont comparés / The performance improvement of turbomachinery operating at off-design conditions can be achieved by the understanding of unsteady phenomena which are occuring in its components. The present study is focussing on the interaction between a centrifugal impeller fan and its vaned diffuser. It aims at analysing precisely these unsteady phenomena (and especially the fluctuating separated region identified on the vanes wall) and their consequences on the diffuser performance by three holes probe and unsteady pressure measurements. In a second step, devices for a passive control of the separation are introduced. Several configurations are tested and their results are compared

[pt] A produção de petróleo é geralmente acompanhada pela produção de água, que pode estar presente sob forma livre e emulsionada. As emulsões podem ser encontradas em quase todas as fases de produção: nos reservatórios, nos poços produtores, nas facilidades de produção, nos dutos de transporte, no processamento e no armazenamento O sistema de Bombeio Centrifugo Submerso (BCS) é um dos métodos utilizados na indústria para a elevação de petróleo para campos localizados tanto em terra como em mar. Ainda que seja o método de elevação artificial mais apropriado para a produção de petróleo quando há elevada produção de água, a eficiência da bomba é bastante reduzida quando há manuseio de misturas de água e óleo e a formação de emulsões. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo do cisalhamento aos quais os fluidos estão expostos durante a passagem por um estágio de uma Bomba Centrífuga Submersa e seus efeitos no grau de emulsificação da mistura de água e óleo. Foi construído um aparato experimental composto por dois discos, um giratório e um fixo. Ao escoar através destes a mistura de fluidos sofre deformação cisalhante e extensional e seu grau de emulsificação, isto é, tamanho médio e distribuição dos diâmetros de bolhas, é medido a montante e a jusante do dispositivo. / [en] Oil production is usually associated with the production of water, which may be found as a continuous phase or as a dispersed phase, in emulsions. Emulsions may be found in almost all the production stages: in reservoirs, production wells, production facilities, pipelines, in processing and in storage. The Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) is one of the methods employed in the industry to lift oil from fields located on land as well as at sea. Though this is the most appropriate artificial lift method for oil production when a considerable amount of water is produced, a pump’s efficiency is a greatly reduced when mixtures of water and oil are handled and emulsions begin to form. This paper intends to study the shearing imposed to fluids when flowing through a stage in a Electric Submersible Pump, and its effects in the degree of emulsification of the water and oil mixture. An experimental device was assembled consisting in two disks, one that spins and the other fixed. When flowing through them, a mixture of fluids is subjected to shearing and extensional deformation, and its degree of emulsification, i.e.: the average size and the bubble diameter distribution, may be measured upstream and downstream from the device.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paternost_GuilhermeMiranda_M.pdf: 4957872 bytes, checksum: 34efcf3e5536aa84d89fa2b289df6cee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O bombeio centrífugo submerso (BCS) é o segundo método de elevação artificial mais utilizado em poços de petróleo no mundo. Nestes poços, o equipamento está sujeito à influência de fluidos viscosos e à presença de gás livre, os quais impactam significativamente seu desempenho já que este é resultado da dinâmica de fluidos nos impelidores e difusores da bomba. Historicamente, devido ao escoamento de gás e de fluidos viscosos se tratarem de situações distintas, as maiorias dos estudos realizados analisam estes fenômenos separadamente vistos a complexidade e particularidades existentes de cada. O objetivo deste trabalho é a realização de um estudo experimental de avaliação do desempenho de uma bomba centrífuga sob os dois fenômenos, onde foi mensurado o impacto e a interação das principais variáveis que afetam seu desempenho. Para isto, foi construída uma bancada experimental constando de uma bomba centrífuga do tipo voluta, permitindo medir seu desempenho com água e fluido viscoso juntamente com os efeitos de fração de vazio, diâmetro de bolha e pressão de entrada. Foi também avaliada uma proposta existente de mapeamento do comportamento de uma bomba centrífuga operando com escoamento monofásico em função de números adimensionais que traduzem os efeitos combinados da viscosidade e da rotação. Foram sugeridas modificações e correlações baseadas nesta proposta e seus resultados comparados aos dados experimentais obtidos / Abstract: The Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) is the second most commonly used artificial lift method worldwide, being responsible for the highest amount of total fluids produced (oil and water). In wells using this method, the equipment may be subjected to viscous fluids and free gas flow, both affecting pump performance since it is a result of the fluid dynamics inside its impellers and diffusers. Generally, since the presence of free gas and liquid viscosity are independent phenomena, most studies so far have examined their effect separately due to their complexity. The purpose of this experimental study is to take another step towards understanding the performance of a centrifugal pump under these two phenomena, measuring the impact of the main variables involved. A testing rig consisting of a centrifugal pump of volute type was built, where its performance was measured with the varying effects of viscosity, void fraction and rotational speed / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo