English recapitulation of this thesis -Legal regulations of the Waste management in the Czech Republic The main purpose of the thesis is to demonstrate the most important waste management principles in the Czech Republic and in the other European countries. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. The first chapter deals with a general introduction concerning the topic. It indicates global situation and undesirable influences of deficiencies in the waste management on condition of world seas and oceans. The second chapter considers the waste management as a branch of science activity. This branch was established in 1980s in west European countries, however, 10 years later also in the Czech Republic. The first Parliament Act on the waste management in Czechoslovakia was created in 1991. There were some mistakes and dubiousness in the Act and it was necessary to put them aside before joining the European Union in 2004. Before 2004, this Act had been changed completely two times. The Act of Czech Parliament 185/2001 Sb. went into force on 1st January 2002. Since then, it has been novelized many times according to the European law and is currently responding to the European directives. The third chapter mentions some other acts which are connected with the waste management in the Czech Republic. On the top of...

The thesis deals with road taxes and charges collection systems in the Czech Republic and in selected European Union countries. At first the thesis generally describes economics of transport, the second chapter describes the current road taxes and charges collection systems, a substantial part of the chapter focuses on road taxes and charges in the Czech Republic. The third chapter contains descriptive statistics of taxes and fees. The last part of the thesis contains a statistical analysis of the factors influencing an amount of road charges in the Czech Republic and in selected European Union countries. The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of different factors to the level and evolution of revenues from road taxes and charges.

Les polluants atmosphériques, qu’ils soient de sources naturelles ou anthropiques, peuvent être transformés et transportés sur de longues distances. Les retombées atmosphériques constituent des puits définitifs pour ces polluants atmosphériques. Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet SESAME du programme PRIMEQUAL « Pollution longue distance ». Les objectifs sont d’identifier les déterminants de l’évolution des retombées atmosphériques acidifiantes et eutrophisantes et d’évaluer l’efficacité des politiques de réduction en vigueur. Les méthodologies reposent sur des approches statistiques appliquées à une compilation de bases de données issues de trois observatoires MERA, CATAENAT et BAPMoN. L’utilisation de procédures de consolidation et de comparaison a permis d’optimiser la base de données pour envisager des analyses descriptives en toute objectivité. La détermination de la composition chimique des espèces ioniques majeures a permis de distinguer les déterminants des contrastes géographiques et saisonniers de la chimie des retombées atmosphériques. L’étude des changements temporels annuels et saisonniers par la méthode de Sen Mann Kendall a mis en évidence des liens pouvant être linéaires ou non linéaires entre les évolutions de la composition chimique des retombées atmosphériques et leurs déterminants. L’expertise des déterminants a contribué à la création pas à pas d’un modèle statistique en vue de proposer des prévisions des retombées atmosphériques au site de mesure à l’horizon de quelques années (suivant différents scénarios climatiques). Des valeurs ponctuelles de dépassement de charges critiques et leur évolution face aux dépôts mesurés et projetés ont été évaluées. Enfin, la densité de sites a permis d’obtenir une spatialisation des retombées atmosphériques, qui a pu être comparée aux cartes de dépôts modélisées par le modèle EMEP. / Atmospheric pollutants emitted by both natural and anthropogenic sources are precursors of secondary compounds such as acidic gases and aerosols, which can be transported over long distances. Atmospheric deposition is the ultimate sink for these pollutants and can lead to acidification and eutrophication issues. This research was conducted within the SESAME project as part of the PRIMEQUAL long distance pollution program. The objectives seek to identify determinants of atmospheric deposition changes and to evaluate policies of pollutant reductions. Statistical approaches were applied to measurement databases of three French networks: MERA, CATAENAT and BAPMoN. Several procedures were developed to consolidate and to compare the datasets for a descriptive analysis. Geographical and seasonal determinants were identified based on the chemistry of concentrations and deposition fluxes. The trends resulting from Sen Mann Kendall tests highlighted that the changes in chemical compositions of atmospheric deposition can be either linear or nonlinear with the identified determinants. The findings were used to develop a predictive model to forecast the deposition fluxes of sulfur and nitrogen species under different climate scenarios and over several decades. The exceedances of critical loads and their changes were evaluated from current and forecasted deposition fluxes. Finally, the density of measurement sites over the French area was strong enough to create maps of deposition fluxes, which were then compared to the EMEP model outputs.

This study investigated fees in public schools in seven school districts of British Columbia. A conceptual framework was formulated from issues in the literature on privatization, principles of taxation, school fee law and practices, and the public/private sectors of education. The framework was then applied to study the occurrence of school fees in public education and their effects on students. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select districts, schools, and personnel for the study. Selection criteria included size, wealth, location and ethnic composition of districts and schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of fifty-four professionals including school district officials, school administrators and teachers. The data were analyzed using qualitative techniques. Explanations for current fee practices included: 1) financial and budgetary limitations; 2) the philosophy of users' pay; and 3) an educational policy on voluntary educational pursuits. Fees as a source of revenue to maintain, improve and introduce educational services occurred in four categories: curricular, extracurricular, incidental, and supplementary and special. Administrators at the district and school levels emphasized that fee waivers, bursaries and reimbursements could be applied where necessary. However, costs could not always be absorbed by the school and, needy students were not always easily identified. Schools varied in the degree to which they experienced fee administration difficulties. Most principals indicated that the elimination of all school fees would result in curtailment or discontinuation of certain activities and items. Educators agreed that psychological and social effects from charging fees were also important concerns. Main conclusions are: 1) the benefit principle and ability-to-pay principle are both used to justify school fees; 2) school policies and laws define the application of fees according to required and non-required curricula, thus fees are encountered chiefly for course electives and voluntary activities; 3) by charging fees, schools are able to provide resources necessary for student programs and activities; 4) fees can negatively impact on student participation and psychology. Two policy directions are suggested based on the principles of benefit and abilityto- pay: the maintenance of current levels of fees and the augmentation of fee in public schools. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Multiple papers have been published which attempt to predict the thermal conductivity or thermal diffusivity of graphite “nanofluids” 1–6. In each of the papers empirical methods (with no consideration of quantum mechanical principles or a structural reference) are employed in an attempt to understand and predict the heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid. However, the results of each of these papers vary considerably. The primary reason for this may relate to the inability to construct a representative material model (based on the chemical structure), that can accurately predict the thermal enhancement properties based on the intercalated adsorption of a fluid with a noticeable heat capacity 3. This project has strived to simulate the interaction of (nano-scale) graphite particles “dispersed” in water (at the structural level of effective surface “wetting”). The ultimate purpose is to enhance the heat conduction capacity. The strategy was to initially focus on the structural properties of the graphite powder, followed by incremental exposure to water molecules to achieve a representative model. The procedure followed includes these experimental steps: a) Molecular resolution porosimetry (i.e. BET) experiments, to determine the graphene “platelet” surface area to correlate with the minimum crystallite size (where a single graphite crystal is made up of multiple unit cells) of the graphite powder samples. b) Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses of the graphite powder samples each supplied by different manufacturers in order to determine their respective crystallographic structures. c) Infrared (IR) and Raman vibrational spectra characterisation of all of the graphite powder samples for further structure confirmation. d) Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of graphite powder and water mixture samples, to try and determine the point at which the bulk water has separated and evaporated away from the graphite powder/water mixture, resulting in a minimum layer of water adsorbed on the graphite surface and inter-/intra-particle graphite spaces. e) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the “dry” and “surface-wetted” graphite samples to determine their specific heat capacities. f) Laser flash analysis (LFA) of the “dry” and “surface-wetted” graphite samples to determine their thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity. g) The computer simulated analysis of the graphite powder exposed to water by means of computational modelling, to elucidate the various conformational approaches of water onto the graphite surface and the associated thermodynamic behaviour of water molecules ad/absorbed at the graphite surface. Data from the TGA measurements allowed for the determination of the appropriate amount of water required in order to not only experimentally prepare graphite “surface-wetted” samples, but also to determine the effective amount of absorbed water to be considered in the computational models. For experimental verification, both dry and wet graphite samples should then be used in a laser flash analysis (LFA), in order to elucidate the effect the interfacial layer of water has on the thermal properties of graphite. A computerised model of a single graphite crystal exposed to water was created using the MedeA (v. 2.14) modelling software. The conformational behaviour and energy states of a cluster of water molecules on the graphite surface were then analysed by using the VASP 5.3 software (based on a periodic solid-state model approach with boundary conditions), to determine the energetics, atomic structure and graphite surface “wetting” characteristics, at the atomistic level. The results of the computerised model were correlated to the physical experiments and to previously published figures. Only once a clear understanding of the way in which water molecules interact with the graphite surfaces has been obtained, can further investigation follow to resolve the effect that exposure of larger graphite surfaces to polar solvents (such as water and lubricants) will have on the heat conductance of such ensembles. This scope of further work will constitute a PhD study. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / tm2015 / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

Thesis (Ph.D.(Physics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The effects of O2, H2O and OH− and collectors are the major factors that determine the flotability behaviour of minerals. In particular, the influence of the chain length variation on xanthate collectors gives rise to increased recovery rates, and are still the most versatile collector for most minerals. This study explores the bonding behaviour, adsorption energies and electronic properties directly related to the reactivity of O2, H2O and OH−, ethyl xanthates (EX), normal propyl-xanthate (nPX), normal-butyl-xanthate (nBX–) and amyl-xanthate (AX) with the platinum antimony mineral surfaces: (100), (110) and (111) surfaces. We employed the ab-initio quantum mechanical density functional theory to investigate their adsorption and their electronic properties. In order to attain precise calculations, the cut-off energy of 500 eV was used for the bulk PtSb2, which was also transferred to the surfaces. To obtain accurate results the k point used for both the bulk and surfaces were 6x6x6 and 4x4x1, respectively. The bulk relaxation was found to give final lattice parameter of 6.531 Å. The DOS (Density Of States) indicated that both bulk and surfaces of PtSb2 had a metallic character, thereby indicating semiconducting behaviour. In cleaving the surfaces, all possible terminations were considered and the slab thickness was varied to obtain the desired stable surfaces. Their relaxed surface energies were 0.807 J.m-2, 1.077 J.m-2 and 1.074 J.m-2 for the (100), (111) and (110), respectively. These indicated that the (100) surface was the most stable and dominant plane for the platinum antimony. This fact is also observed in other minerals in general that low-index surfaces with lower surface energies indicates structural stability. The DOS showed stability with the EF (Fermi level/ Fermi energy) falling deep into the pseudo gap for all surface. The valence electrons on the surface were 5d96s1 for Pt and 5s25p3 for Sb as depicted from the Mulliken population charges and these electrons were actively involved in the hybridisation. The oxidation showed that the oxygen molecules preferred interacting with the Sb atoms than the Pt atoms for all surfaces. For the (100) surface we found that the Pt-O2peroxide adsorption site gave the strongest adsorption, while for the (110) surface we noted that the Sb2-O-O-Sb3 bridging gave the most exothermic adsorption. The case of the (111) surface showed the Sb2-O-O-Sb2 bridging to give the strongest exothermic adsorption, which dissociated and resulted in atomic bonding. Their atomic charges indicated that the oxygen molecules gain charges from the Pt and Sb atoms. In all cases, PtSb2 Bulk PtSb2 (100), (110) and (111) surfaces O2, H2O, OH-and Xanthates adsorptions the O2 interacting with Sb gained more charges, thus showing preferential adsorption to the Sb atoms. In addition, the Sb/Pt-bonded oxygens were more negative than the terminal or end-bonded oxygen atom for superoxide modes. These suggested that the 2p-orbital spin-down unoccupied orbital (LUMO) of O2 is fully occupied. The case of H2O molecules adsorptions on the three PtSb2 mineral surfaces indicated that the H2O adsorbed through van der Waals forces, in particular for multi adsorptions by physisorption process for the (100) and the (110) surfaces. However, on the (111) surface we observed chemisorption adsorption. For the (100) surface we found that the H2O-Pt was exothermic, while the H2O-Sb was endothermic and only showed exothermic from 5/8-8/8 H2O/Sb. The case of the (110) surface showed stronger adsorption of H2O on Pt than on Sb atoms, with a weaker adsorption on Sb2 atoms, while the adsorption on the (111) surface was stronger on Sb3 and weaker on Sb2 atoms. The full-coverage for the (110) surface gave –35.00 kJ/mol per H2O molecule, which is similar to the full coverage on the (100) surface (–38.19 kJ/mol per H2O molecule). Furthermore, the full monolayer adsorption on Sb2 and Sb3 for the (111) surface gave much stronger adsorption (–55.54 kJ/mol per H2O). In addition, the full-coverage on the (111) surface (i.e. on Pt1 and all Sb atoms) gave adsorption energy of –54.95 kJ/mol per H2O molecule. The adsorption of hydroxide on the surfaces showed stronger affinity than the water molecules. This suggested that they will bind preferentially over the water molecules. We also found that the OH–preferred the Sb atoms on the (100) surface, with a greater adsorption energy of –576.65 kJ/mol per OH– molecule for full-surface coverage. The (110) surface adsorption energy on full-surface coverage was –541.98 kJ/mol per OH molecule. The (111) surface full-coverage yielded adsorption energy of –579.53 kJ/mol per OH– molecule. The atomic charges related to both hydration and hydroxide adsorption showed charge depletion on both Pt/Sb and O atoms of the H2O and OH–. This suggested that there is a charge transfer into other regions within the orbitals. The adsorption of collectors on the PtSb2 surfaces to investigate their affinity with surfaces were performed considering different adsorption sites in order to find the most stable exothermic preferred site. In respect of the (100) surface, we noted that the bridging on Pt and Sb atoms by the collector involved the S atoms for all xanthates. Their adsorption energies showed that EX had strong affinity with the surface and the order was as: EX ≈ AX > nBX > nPX. In the case of the (110) surface the bridging on Pt atoms were PtSb2 Bulk PtSb2 (100), (110) and (111) surfaces O2, H2O, OH- and Xanthates adsorptions the most preferred sites for EX, nPX, nBX and AX. The order of adsorption energies was: nBX > nPX ≈ AX > EX. The (111) surface was observed to have the bridging on Sb2 and Sb3 atoms most exothermic for EX, nBX and AX, while the nPX showed the bridging on Pt1 and Sb3 atoms. The adsorption energies were found to have the nPX more stronger on the surface, with EX weaker and the order decreased as: nPX > nBX > AX > EX. This gave insights in the recovery of the minerals during flotation, that the use of EX or AX may float the platinum antimonide better based on the adsorption trends on the (100) surface, which is the most stable surface plane cleavage for platinum antimonide. The analysis of the electronic structures of the collector on the surface from density of states showed stability bonding of the collector on the surface, due to the EF falling deep into the pseudo gap for collector S atoms and surface Pt and Sb PDOS. The atomic charges computed indicated that the collectors behave as electron donors and acceptors to the Pt and Sb on the surface, respectively for the (100) surface. Interestingly for the (110) surface we observed that both surface Pt and Sb atoms lost charges, with a loss of charges on the collector S atoms. These observations suggested that the collectors S atoms offer their HOMO electrons to Pt and Sb atoms to form bond and simultaneously the Pt and Sb atoms donate their d-orbital and p-orbitals electrons to the LUMO of the collectors to form a back donation covalent bond, respectively. The (111) surface clearly showed that the surface Pt and Sb atoms lose charges to the collector S atoms, suggested a back donation covalent bonds. / National Research Foundation (NRF) and CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) through Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC)

On étudie les fonctions multivaluées vers un espace de Hilbert. Après avoir introduit unebonne notion de p énergie, on donne une définition possible d’espace de Sobolev et on prouveun théorème d’existence des p minimiseurs. Puis on considère les fonctions bivaluées de deuxvariables, stationnaires pour les déformations au départ et à l’arrivée. On démontre qu’ellessont localement lipschitziennes et on utilise cette régularité pour montrer la convergence fortedans W1,2 vers leur unique éclatement en un point. L’ensemble de branchement d’une tellefonction est la réunion localement finie de courbes analytiques qui se rencontrent en faisantdes angles égaux. Nous donnons aussi un exemple de fonction discontinue et stationnaireseulement pour les déformations au départ.Dans un deuxième temps, on prouve qu’il n’existe pas de rétraction uniformément continuede l’espace des champs vectoriels continus vers le sous-espace de ceux dont la divergence estnulle en un sens distributionnel. On généralise ce résultat en toute codimension en utilisant lanotion de m charge et à tout ensemble X ⊂ Rn vérifiant une hypothèse géométrique mineure. / We study multiple valued functions with values in a Hilbert space. We introduce a possibledefinition of Sobolev spaces and the rightful notion of p energy. We prove the existence of pminimizers. Then we consider two-valued real functions of two variables which are stationarywith respect to both domain and range transformations. We prove their local Lipschitzcontinuity and use it to establish strong convergence in W1,2 to their unique blow-up at anypoint. We claim that the branch set of any such function consists of finitely many real analyticcurves meeting at nod points with equal angles. We also provide an example showing thatstationarity with respect to domain transformations only does not imply continuity.In a second part, we prove that there does not exist a uniformly continuous retractionfrom the space of continuous vector fields onto the subspace of vector fields whose divergencevanishes in the distributional sense. We then generalise this result using the concept of mcharges on any subset X _ Rn satisfying a mild geometric condition, there is no uniformlycontinuous representation operator for mcharges in X.

by Li Sze-Ming, Tam Ming-Yan. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.iii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.i / Chapter I.I. --- Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation's Announcement --- p.1 / Chapter I.II. --- Banking Industry Revolution --- p.4 / Chapter I.III. --- Major Issues --- p.6 / Chapter I.IV. --- Services Fees --- p.7 / Chapter II. --- BANK FEES AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS --- p.8 / Chapter II.I. --- Should The Banks Impose Services Fees/Charges? --- p.8 / Chapter II.I.I. --- Analysis of Big Banks --- p.9 / Chapter II.I.I.I. --- Stagnant Growth in Banking Industry --- p.11 / Chapter II.I.I.II. --- Interest Rate Deregulation --- p.16 / Chapter II.I.I.III. --- Deposit Insurance Schemes --- p.19 / Chapter II.I.I.IV. --- Technology Advancements --- p.21 / Chapter II.I.II. --- Analysis of Medium and Small Banks --- p.24 / Chapter II.I.II.I. --- Excess Capacity --- p.28 / Chapter II.I.II.II. --- """Human"" Banking" --- p.31 / Chapter II.I.II.III. --- Deposit Insurance Scheme --- p.32 / Chapter II.II. --- How Should Fees Be Charged? --- p.34 / Chapter II.II.I. --- What Are The Criticisms? --- p.34 / Chapter II.II.I.I. --- Social Responsibilities --- p.34 / Chapter II.II.I.II. --- Commodity --- p.35 / Chapter II.II.I.III. --- Self-Servicing Facilities is Not for Everyone --- p.26 / Chapter II.II.I.IV. --- Specific Roles --- p.36 / Chapter II.II.I.V. --- Social Stratification --- p.37 / Chapter II.II.II. --- Who Could Bear the Charge? --- p.37 / Chapter II.II.III. --- What are the Fees Strategies? --- p.38 / Chapter II.II.III.I. --- Raising Existing Fees --- p.38 / Chapter II.II.III.II. --- Inventing New Fees --- p.39 / Chapter II.II.III.III. --- Making It More Difficult To Avoid Fees --- p.39 / Chapter II.II.IV. --- What Should Be the Pricing Structures? --- p.40 / Chapter II.II.IV.I. --- One-Size-Fits-All Approach --- p.40 / Chapter II.II.IV.II. --- Pay-As-You-Go Approach --- p.41 / Chapter II.II.IV.III. --- Tiered Interest Rate Scheme --- p.42 / Chapter II.III. --- Future Development of Banking Industry --- p.46 / Chapter II.III.I. --- Markets Segmentations --- p.46 / Chapter II.III.II. --- Merger and Acquisition --- p.48 / Chapter II.III.III. --- Fees-Oriented Market --- p.49 / Chapter II.III.IV. --- Customer-Value Focus --- p.51 / Chapter II.III.V. --- Branches Reform --- p.52 / Chapter II.III.VI. --- Self-Servicing Facilities --- p.53 / Chapter II.III.VII. --- Posts Offices --- p.54 / Chapter III. --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION --- p.55 / APPENDIX --- p.57 / Chapter 1 --- HSBC'S NEW SERVICES AND CHARGES POLICY --- p.58 / Chapter 2 --- A COMPARISON OF BANKING SERVICE FEES OF BIG BANKS --- p.65 / Chapter 3 --- A COMPARISON OF BANKING SERVICE FEES OF MEDIUM AND SMALL BANKS --- p.70 / Chapter 4 --- A COMPARISON OF SMALL DEPOSIT ACCOUNT INTEREST RATES AND FEES --- p.91 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.93

Introduction sur les mémoires. Les bulles magnétiques et leurs fonctions logiques. Réalisations et applications des mémoires à bulles magnétiques. Les organisations de la mémoire à bulles magnétiques. Comparaison des performances des différentes organisations de mémoires à bulles magnétiques.

BaVS3 est un système quasi-unidimensionnel constitué de chaînes de vanadium. C'est aussi un système multi-bandes dans lequel plusieurs types d'électrons coexistent au voisinage du niveau de Fermi (les bandes dz2 et e(t2g)), qui sont fortement corrélés. Ce système s'appuie donc à la fois sur la physiques des systèmes unidimensionnels et sur celle des systèmes à électrons fortement corrélés. La transition métal-isolant de BaVS3, qui fut l'objet de nombreuses études, a récemment été interprété comme s'apparentant à une onde de densité de charge des électrons dz2 : celle-ci s'accompagne d'une quadrimérisation de la chaîne de vanadium et de l'apparition d'une sur-structure indexée (1,0,1/2)O dans le réseau réciproque. La composante commensurable de la sur-structure selon l'axe des chaînes ne peut s'expliquer qu'en considérant une redistribution des électrons entre les différentes bandes au voisinage du niveau de Fermi sous l'effet des corrélations électroniques. La transition métal-isolant disparaît en un point critique quantique sous pression à 2 GPa. D'un autre point de vu, une autre instabilité isolante d'un autre type, indexée (1/3,1/3,0.8)H avait été observée dans des échantillons substitués chimiquement. Cette thèse en deux temps s'est d'abord intéressée à la compétition entre les deux phases (1,0,1/2)O et (1/3,1/3,0.8)H dans deux séries d'échantillons chimiquement modifié BaVS3-δ et Ba1-xSrxVS3. Cette étude permet de montrer que la phase (1/3,1/3,0.8)H est associée à un ordre de charge des électrons e(t2g) et de conclure sur le rôle des modifications chimiques en temps qu'impuretés quand au mécanisme d'apparition de la seconde phase, par opposition à une théorie de "pression chimique". Le deuxième temps de cette thèse présente l'étude structurale de la transition métal-isolant sous pression. Cette étude à nécessité la mise en place d'un dispositif de diffraction sous pression à basse température avec mesure in-situ de la pression. Cette étude a montrée que la modulation structurale reste commensurable sur les 3/4 du diagramme de phase puis devient incommensurable lorsque l'on s'approche du point critique quantique. Ceci permet d'interpréter l'évolution de la transition métal-isolant sous pression en terme de locking à la commensurabilité, et donne une information sur la physique du composé au voisinage du point critique quantique.