Dissertation--Universität Frankfurt (Main), 2006. / La publ. porte l'ISSN 1864-8525. Bibliogr. p. 341-328.

This thesis has as its main aim to present Peirce's project as an organic system that is able to provide a reasonable account of our complex experience of freedom. For this reason, in the first chapter I will maintain that there are three conditions of possibility for human freedom that can be established according to an attentive reading of Aristotle's works, namely, the contingency of the world, the existence of a being who can take advantage of the world's contingency, and the capacity of a person to decide his or her own idea of Happiness or final good in a human community. These conditions can be tracked, consolidated, and improved through Peirce's philosophy. It can be tracked, first of all, in their common perspective regarding the world's element of contingency and openness to growth. Second, both philosophers think that human beings have the power to decide and actively participate in the world through experience and habit. Finally, both grant an important role to community in their philosophies in order to give sense to persons' actions. After establishing this background, I will focus primarily on the detailed presentation of the first condition of possibility for freedom, that is, in Peirce's idea of God as a metaphysical condition for freedom. In the second chapter, I will explore the historical development of Peirce's cosmology, in order to show that Peirce's idea of God is not the product of a stubborn religious prejudice but a genuine achievement of his philosophy that harmonizes with his general project of an evolutionary philosophy open to critique and working hand in hand with science. Finally, in the third chapter, I will try to clarify further Peirce's idea of God in dealing with some misconceptions generated by standard religious notions of God and by the philosophical conception of the Absolute. Thus, I hope to present Peirce's idea of God as a middle ground between these two approaches. I will argue that, on the one hand, he wanted to propose an idea of God that is open to scientific critique, as is the conception of the philosophical Absolute. On the other hand, he defended an idea of God that has bearing upon our conduct of life and, therefore, is sentimental and approachable as is the idea of God proposed at least by Christian religion. As a result, Peirce's God works as a condition of possibility for freedom insofar as he is the living idea of a developmental telos open to growth. That is, Peirce provided an idea of a cosmos that shares with us the general features of being reasonable and free.

The argument of this dissertation is that the full and continued importance of evolution to the foundations and practice of American philosophy has not been fully recognized. The years surrounding the first appearance of the theory of evolution on American shores were full of scientific uncertainty and philosophical excitement. William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey responded to this uncertainty and excitement with a unique interpretation of evolution that recognized the deeply constructive and interactive nature of all living beings. This living idea of evolution fed back into many aspects of their mature philosophies. The early historians and commentators of this period, such as Herbert W. Schneider, and Phillip P. Wiener, whatever their view of evolution, did not fully understand the change that had just taken place in philosophy and biological science. They missed the radical change in the causal structure of science and philosophy implied by evolutionary philosophy. Later commentators on this period, with a few notable exceptions, have continued this trend. This has contributed to a disconnect of James, Peirce, and Dewey from the larger narrative of evolutionary philosophy. In this dissertation I reconnect James, Peirce, and Dewey to this larger historical narrative. I show how the narrative they began is still vitally important to our understanding of American philosophy and the philosophy of evolution.

I integrate Charles Peirce’s theory of signs with his realism and synechism to develop a novel interpretation of his philosophical system, which I refer to as Semeiotic Realism. I argue that Peirce’s Semeiotic Realism makes a devastating critique of Ockham’s nominalism, particularly his theory of conceptual signs. Semeiotic Realism is the doctrine that signs are real relations existing independently of particular thoughts and therefore have a generality irreducible to any discrete number of singular cognitive acts. Chapter One introduces Peirce’s theory of signs. I argue that Peirce arrives at his triadic sign relation to ground an anti-psychologistic theory of logic. I establish the connection between sign relations and the structure of inference, tracing this connection back to Greek thinking about the semeῖon and outlining its consequences for Peirce’s theories of categories and inquiry. Chapter Two disentangles the nominalism-realism controversy from the problem of universals. I show that the nominalist’s position about universals results from their logical analysis of terms. These terms are conceptual signs that stand for their objects only relative to singular cognitive acts. For the nominalist, reality is exhausted by existing particulars outside the mind and since signs only have mind-dependent being they are not real. To address this problem, I clarify Peircean reality and use his mature theory of semiotic interpretation to explain how signs have a reality irreducible to singular cognitive acts. Chapter Three introduces Peircean continuity, explaining how it informs his mature critique of nominalism, his method for analyzing propositions as sign relations, and his theory of sign inference. Continuity underpins his analysis of propositions into continuous relations. These relations precede the subjects they relate, which makes relations themselves out to be the elementary units of logic. The chapter concludes by introducing Peirce’s existential graphs to model and diagram sign inferences as continuous transformations. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / I integrate Charles Peirce’s theory of signs and meaning with his writings on reality and continuity to develop a novel interpretation of his philosophical system, which I refer to as Semeiotic Realism. I situate Peirce’s contributions to these topics in the larger context of the history of philosophy and sign theory, with emphasis on his critique of nominalism, a philosophical theory that presents a major problem Peirce must overcome. In chapter one, I uncover the roots of Peirce’s general theory of signs in his writings on logic and inference. Chapter two incorporates Peirce’s theory of signs with his realism and shows how it leads to a critique of nominalism. In the final chapter, I introduce Peirce’s theory of continuity and show how it informs a devastating new critique of nominalism.

Esta tese apresenta uma visão geral das teorias de Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), em especial a semiótica, o pragmatismo (ou pragmaticismo) e a doutrina do continuum, ou sinequismo, aplicadas ao universo do signo cartográfico. Mediante o estudo de publicações realizadas a partir dos principais manuscritos originais do autor, procuramos desenvolver uma investigação das bases teóricas e conceituais que permeiam seu amplo arcabouço filosófico, para então aplicá-las às quatro teorias cartográficas específicas que correspondem à estrutura principal da tese: do signo, do objeto, do interpretante e da comunicação. Nesses capítulos apresentamos uma série de teorias de Peirce voltado à análise do fundamento do signo cartográfico, da relação que estabelece com o seu objeto e dos efeitos que efetivamente produz ou potencialmente pode produzir na realidade, bem como uma ampla apresentação de conceitos pertinentes à linguagem e comunicação cartográfica. Assuntos os mais diversos tais como linguagem e informação cartográfica, variáveis perceptivas, incluindo a cor, cartografia e cognição, novidades tecnológicas, entre outros, são contemplados em diálogo aos pressupostos filosóficos de Peirce e vários autores referenciais em cartografia e Geografia. Após, aplicamos parte do conhecimento para uma breve análise semiótica de diversos mapas, incluindo os que foram elaborados pelo próprio autor da tese, durante o desenvolvimento da mesma. Consideramos que a as teorias de Peirce podem ser aplicadas não apenas para o entendimento dos elementos envolvidos no signo cartográfico, mas inclusive para a compreensão do objeto ao qual ele se refere, o espaço geográfico que o signo professa representar. / This thesis presents an overview of the theories of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), in particular the semiotics, pragmatism (or pragmaticism) and doctrine of the continuum, or synechism, applied to the universe of the cartographic sign. Through the study of publications made from the original manuscripts of the author, we seek to develop a investigation of the theoretical and conceptual bases that permeate its broad philosophical framework, to then apply them to the four specific cartographic theories that correspond to the main structure of the thesis: the sign, the object, the interpretant and the communication. In these chapters we present a series of Peirce\'s theories focused on the analysis of the basis of the cartographic sign, the relation it establishes with its object and the effects that it actually produces or potentially can produce in reality, as well as a broad presentation of concepts pertinent to language and cartographic communication. The most diverse subjects such as language and cartographic information, perceptual variables, including color, Cartography and cognition, technological novelties, among others, are contemplated in dialogue with the philosophical presuppositions of Peirce and several reference authors in Cartography and Geography. Afterwards, we applied part of the knowledge to a brief semiotic analysis of several maps, including those that were elaborated by the thesis author, during the development of the same one. We consider that Peirce\'s theories can be applied not only to the understanding of the elements involved in the cartographic sign, but also to the understanding of the object to which he refers, that is, the geographical space that the sign professes to represent.

Esta tese apresenta uma visão geral das teorias de Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), em especial a semiótica, o pragmatismo (ou pragmaticismo) e a doutrina do continuum, ou sinequismo, aplicadas ao universo do signo cartográfico. Mediante o estudo de publicações realizadas a partir dos principais manuscritos originais do autor, procuramos desenvolver uma investigação das bases teóricas e conceituais que permeiam seu amplo arcabouço filosófico, para então aplicá-las às quatro teorias cartográficas específicas que correspondem à estrutura principal da tese: do signo, do objeto, do interpretante e da comunicação. Nesses capítulos apresentamos uma série de teorias de Peirce voltado à análise do fundamento do signo cartográfico, da relação que estabelece com o seu objeto e dos efeitos que efetivamente produz ou potencialmente pode produzir na realidade, bem como uma ampla apresentação de conceitos pertinentes à linguagem e comunicação cartográfica. Assuntos os mais diversos tais como linguagem e informação cartográfica, variáveis perceptivas, incluindo a cor, cartografia e cognição, novidades tecnológicas, entre outros, são contemplados em diálogo aos pressupostos filosóficos de Peirce e vários autores referenciais em cartografia e Geografia. Após, aplicamos parte do conhecimento para uma breve análise semiótica de diversos mapas, incluindo os que foram elaborados pelo próprio autor da tese, durante o desenvolvimento da mesma. Consideramos que a as teorias de Peirce podem ser aplicadas não apenas para o entendimento dos elementos envolvidos no signo cartográfico, mas inclusive para a compreensão do objeto ao qual ele se refere, o espaço geográfico que o signo professa representar. / This thesis presents an overview of the theories of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), in particular the semiotics, pragmatism (or pragmaticism) and doctrine of the continuum, or synechism, applied to the universe of the cartographic sign. Through the study of publications made from the original manuscripts of the author, we seek to develop a investigation of the theoretical and conceptual bases that permeate its broad philosophical framework, to then apply them to the four specific cartographic theories that correspond to the main structure of the thesis: the sign, the object, the interpretant and the communication. In these chapters we present a series of Peirce\'s theories focused on the analysis of the basis of the cartographic sign, the relation it establishes with its object and the effects that it actually produces or potentially can produce in reality, as well as a broad presentation of concepts pertinent to language and cartographic communication. The most diverse subjects such as language and cartographic information, perceptual variables, including color, Cartography and cognition, technological novelties, among others, are contemplated in dialogue with the philosophical presuppositions of Peirce and several reference authors in Cartography and Geography. Afterwards, we applied part of the knowledge to a brief semiotic analysis of several maps, including those that were elaborated by the thesis author, during the development of the same one. We consider that Peirce\'s theories can be applied not only to the understanding of the elements involved in the cartographic sign, but also to the understanding of the object to which he refers, that is, the geographical space that the sign professes to represent.

Esta pesquisa, inserida na linha de pesquisa Historia, Filosofia e Ensino de Evolucao e Ecologia, trata sobre a Estetica, procurando verificar as possiveis contribuicoes desse referencial teorico para o estudo do meio em Biologia, nomeadamente para aulas de campo voltadas para o Ensino Superior em cursos de Ciencias Biologicas. A Estetica descrita por Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), nao limita-se somente ao entendimento da Estetica como uma ciencia do belo. A Estetica peirceana possui um carater mais abrangente, que reside na essencia de qualquer objeto apreendido pela experiencia; o admiravel que desperta a atencao, seja o objeto considerado belo ou nao pelas convencoes. Nas ideias de Aldo Leopold (1887-1948), que tratam de uma Estetica voltada para a conservacao dos seres vivos, verifica-se um dialogo com a Teoria de Peirce por meio das cinco categorias da Estetica da Conservacao: os trofeus, o isolamento na natureza, ar livre e mudanca de panorama, percepcao e sentido da administracao cuidadosa. Considerando essas categorias, foi proposta uma sequencia didatica tendo a trilha realizada pelo naturalista Auguste de Saint-Hilaire (1779-1853) na Serra da Canastra (MG) como eixo norteador. A proposta com abordagem interdisciplinar favorece o desenvolvimento das aulas de campo a partir de elementos filosoficos e historicos, permitindo que os alunos revisitem os ambientes descritos por Saint-Hilaire de maneira mais motivadora e contextualizada / This proposal is inserted in the research line \"History, Theory and Teaching of Comparative Biology\" and will work with Aesthetics seeking to verify the possible contributions of this theoretical reference for the study of the environment in Biology, particularly in field classes focused on Higher Education in Biology Graduation. The Aesthetics, described by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), is not limited to a science of the beautiful. Aesthetics has a more comprehensive character and resides in the essence of any object apprehended in our experience that arouses our attention, be it considered beautiful or not by the conventions. It it something that we consider \"admirable\". We found in the ideas of Aldo Leopold (1887-1948), that deals with an Aesthetics focused on the conservation of living beings, a dialogue with Peirce\'s Theory. Leopold (1949) proposes five categories of Conservation Aesthetics: trophy, isolation, change of scene, perception and husbandry. Based on these categories it was proposed a Didactic Sequence having the trail made by the naturalist Auguste de Saint- Hilaire (1779-1853) in Serra da Canastra as a background. We chose to adopt an interdisciplinary approach, and while the students revisit the points visited by Saint- Hilaire, field classes are developed with the aim of investigating the environment as the naturalist himself did

Esta pesquisa, inserida na linha de pesquisa Historia, Filosofia e Ensino de Evolucao e Ecologia, trata sobre a Estetica, procurando verificar as possiveis contribuicoes desse referencial teorico para o estudo do meio em Biologia, nomeadamente para aulas de campo voltadas para o Ensino Superior em cursos de Ciencias Biologicas. A Estetica descrita por Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), nao limita-se somente ao entendimento da Estetica como uma ciencia do belo. A Estetica peirceana possui um carater mais abrangente, que reside na essencia de qualquer objeto apreendido pela experiencia; o admiravel que desperta a atencao, seja o objeto considerado belo ou nao pelas convencoes. Nas ideias de Aldo Leopold (1887-1948), que tratam de uma Estetica voltada para a conservacao dos seres vivos, verifica-se um dialogo com a Teoria de Peirce por meio das cinco categorias da Estetica da Conservacao: os trofeus, o isolamento na natureza, ar livre e mudanca de panorama, percepcao e sentido da administracao cuidadosa. Considerando essas categorias, foi proposta uma sequencia didatica tendo a trilha realizada pelo naturalista Auguste de Saint-Hilaire (1779-1853) na Serra da Canastra (MG) como eixo norteador. A proposta com abordagem interdisciplinar favorece o desenvolvimento das aulas de campo a partir de elementos filosoficos e historicos, permitindo que os alunos revisitem os ambientes descritos por Saint-Hilaire de maneira mais motivadora e contextualizada / This proposal is inserted in the research line \"History, Theory and Teaching of Comparative Biology\" and will work with Aesthetics seeking to verify the possible contributions of this theoretical reference for the study of the environment in Biology, particularly in field classes focused on Higher Education in Biology Graduation. The Aesthetics, described by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), is not limited to a science of the beautiful. Aesthetics has a more comprehensive character and resides in the essence of any object apprehended in our experience that arouses our attention, be it considered beautiful or not by the conventions. It it something that we consider \"admirable\". We found in the ideas of Aldo Leopold (1887-1948), that deals with an Aesthetics focused on the conservation of living beings, a dialogue with Peirce\'s Theory. Leopold (1949) proposes five categories of Conservation Aesthetics: trophy, isolation, change of scene, perception and husbandry. Based on these categories it was proposed a Didactic Sequence having the trail made by the naturalist Auguste de Saint- Hilaire (1779-1853) in Serra da Canastra as a background. We chose to adopt an interdisciplinary approach, and while the students revisit the points visited by Saint- Hilaire, field classes are developed with the aim of investigating the environment as the naturalist himself did

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-04T11:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilio Ferreira Soares.pdf: 1569449 bytes, checksum: ce5184b068bbf8648f988752ec3bc0e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T11:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilio Ferreira Soares.pdf: 1569449 bytes, checksum: ce5184b068bbf8648f988752ec3bc0e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to make some considerations about the role of Contemplation as an experience of phenomenological Firstness within the thinking of the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. In order to achieve this objective a description of the Science called Phenomenology is proposed. Phenomenology or Phaneroscopy is the first and most fundamental Science that composes the Philosophy within the authors’ systematic thinking, which also includes the Normative Sciences and the Scientific Metaphysics, on which will be made very brief considerations here, but of great importance. Through the understanding of the importance and the scope of Peirce’s Phenomenology, the focus here shall be in a more detailed manner on that which is called its first category, Firstness. In doing so, the experience of Contemplation shall be dealt as a privileged form of pure experience of such category, with the description of some of its characteristic elements / Este Trabalho tem como objetivo tecer algumas considerações acerca do papel da Contemplação como experiência da Primeiridade fenomenológica no interior do pensamento do filósofo norte-americano Charles Sanders Peirce. Para atingir esse objetivo, propõe-se uma descrição da Ciência denominada Fenomenologia. Fenomenologia ou Faneroscopia é a primeira e fundamental ciência que compõe a Filosofia no interior do pensamento sistemático do autor, que também inclui as Ciências Normativas e a Metafísica científica, sobre as quais aqui se farão considerações brevíssimas, mas de grande importância. Através do entendimento do relevo e do escopo da Fenomenologia de Peirce, focar-se-á de maneira mais detida aquela que constitui a sua primeira categoria, a Primeiridade. Assim, em seguida, aborda-se a experiência de Contemplação como uma forma privilegiada da experiência pura de tal categoria, com a descrição de alguns de seus elementos característicos

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-29T11:28:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Vieira de Almeida.pdf: 2165297 bytes, checksum: a864143d29a1552785c9da4df5405b58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-29T11:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Vieira de Almeida.pdf: 2165297 bytes, checksum: a864143d29a1552785c9da4df5405b58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctorate research presents and defends the thesis that Charles Sanders Peirce’s philosophy has a place for a sui generis concept of man’s immortality within his scientific metaphysics. This concept of immortality, which may be briefly defined as the possibility of permanence of the influence of a man’s character, even after the dissolution of his body, i.e., even after his death, ultimately implies that death does not necessarily mean absolute discontinuity of the continuum that is man. It is, thus, a concept of immortality deeply ingrained in Synechism and, hence, in the author’s Realism and Objective Idealism, notwithstanding having also a relationship of a conjectural nature with his conception of the reality of God. We propose, therefore, to analyze how such a concept may be developed and effectively grounded within the author’s philosophical architecture / A presente pesquisa de doutorado exibe e defende a tese de que a filosofia de Charles Sanders Peirce reserva lugar para um conceito sui generis de imortalidade do homem no interior de sua metafísica científica. Esse conceito de imortalidade, que pode ser brevemente definido como a possibilidade da permanência da influência do caráter de um homem mesmo após a dissolução do seu corpo, ou seja, mesmo após a sua morte, acaba por implicar que a morte não necessariamente significa uma descontinuidade absoluta do contínuo que é o homem. Trata-se, pois, de um conceito de imortalidade profundamente enraizado no Sinequismo, e, logo, no Realismo e Idealismo Objetivo do autor, não obstante possua também uma ligação de natureza conjectural com a sua concepção da realidade de Deus. Assim, propomo-nos analisar como tal conceito pode ser construído e devidamente assentado no interior da arquitetura filosófica do autor