Thesis (M.Sc. (Food and Nutrition for Development))--Mahidol University, 2007. / LICL has E-Thesis 0030 ; please contact computer services.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-71).

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health / Sara Rosenkranz / The overall aim of this dissertation was to better understand the implications of improving the dietary quality (DQ) of school lunches. Chapter 2 includes a cross-sectional content analysis to determine whether there were significant differences in nutrient content and DQ between a best practice school lunch menu (BPM, with maximized DQ, created regardless of feasibility) and a typical school lunch menu (TM, with average DQ, from an actual school district). Results showed large significant differences in several important macro- and micro-nutrients and in DQ, favoring the BPM. These findings suggest the possibility for statistically and clinically significant variation in nutrient content and DQ of school lunches meeting National School Lunch Program (NSLP) nutrition standards. Building on that possibility for variation, and given schools report financial concerns as barriers to providing high DQ lunches, chapter 3 describes a cross-sectional content analysis to determine whether there were significant differences in nutrient content and DQ between middle school lunch menus from 85 Kansas school districts by socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality. The average DQ across all districts was 62.0±4.0 (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score) out of 100, indicating a need for improvement. There were minimal differences in nutrient content and DQ by SES and rurality, suggesting efforts to improve DQ of Kansas school lunches should be applied equally across all SES and rurality categories. To determine best practices for improving DQ of school lunches, chapter 4 includes a critical review with the aim of developing school lunch best practices based on child DQ recommendations, and implementation techniques encouraging selection and consumption of healthier school lunches. Twenty-five articles were synthesized, creating a list of evidence-based school lunch best practices. Findings provide evidence that if implemented during menu and service planning, these best practices may help to improve school lunch DQ and increase selection and consumption of higher DQ lunches by schoolchildren. With best practices determined, chapter 5 describes a randomized crossover trial that included 36 elementary school-aged participants for the purpose of investigating the acceptability and feasibility of best practice school lunches (BPSL, implementing best practices, HEI score=90–95/100) as compared to typical school lunches (TSL, meeting baseline NSLP nutrition standards, HEI score=70–75/100). Results showed minimal differences in acceptability (taste, plate waste, and hunger) and feasibility (cost, equipment, and skill to prepare meals). However, preparation time requirements for BPSL were significantly longer than for TSL (~four-fold). When BPSL and TSL were offered concurrently, participants selected TSL significantly more frequently than BPSL (TSL=83.3%, BPSL=16.7%). These findings suggest that BPSL may be as acceptable and feasible as TSL, but when served concurrently, schoolchildren will likely choose the TSL. Collectively, results from this dissertation provide evidence that there is a need for improvement in the DQ of school lunches across the state of KS, which is likely to be feasible and acceptable, challenging previously reported barriers. This improvement may be accomplished by implementing best practices for higher DQ school lunches across rurality and SES categories. Collectively, these results could inform key stakeholders in policy- and decision-making.

A desnutriÃÃo deve ser entendida como expressÃo de mÃltiplas dimensÃes, caracterizando uma sÃrie de situaÃÃes e condiÃÃes de vida bastante desfavorÃveis que atuam em um indivÃduo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as percepÃÃes de mÃes de crianÃas desnutridas sobre sua realidade de vida, com base em um contexto socialmente desfavorecido, analisando, ao mesmo tempo, suas estratÃgias de enfrentamento diante das condiÃÃes de vulnerabilidade em que vivem, assim como suas impressÃes a respeito da instituiÃÃo onde seus filhos sÃo atendidos. A pesquisa realizou-se com sete mulheres, mÃes de crianÃas desnutridas, participantes do Instituto de PromoÃÃo da NutriÃÃo e do Desenvolvimento Humano â IPREDE, situado em Fortaleza, CearÃ, no perÃodo de maio a outubro de 2011. Adotou-se a metodologia qualitativa, desenvolvendo percursos etnogrÃficos, e o referencial teÃrico ancorado no campo interdisciplinar da SaÃde PÃblica. Fez-se uma discussÃo triangulada com origem na observaÃÃo sistemÃtica e participativa, entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, busca documental, interpretaÃÃo da pesquisadora, com o auxilio do diÃrio de campo e diÃlogo constante com a literatura especializada. O material empÃrico obtido foi analisado conforme a tÃcnica de anÃlise de discurso. Foram realizados acompanhamentos da vida dessas mulheres no seu local de moradia, nas idas ao atendimento em Unidades de SaÃde e no IPREDE. Os resultados revelam forte associaÃÃo entre desnutriÃÃo infantil e dificuldades na maternidade e no vÃnculo entre mÃe e filho. As mulheres, marcadas pelas fragilidades e pela culpa, permanecem limitadas, fixadas nas preocupaÃÃes com a maternidade, nÃo vislumbrando saÃdas e oportunidades para viver melhor. Ante tantas privaÃÃes, constatou-se que as informantes buscam estratÃgias para enfrentar as adversidades, tanto no sentido emocional quanto cognitivo, procurando lidar com as situaÃÃes de estresse presentes em seu dia a dia. Buscam apoio na famÃlia, nos amigos ou nos vizinhos, trabalham, veem novelas, passeiam, dormem, rezam, procuram uma instituiÃÃode apoio, pensam positivo, mudam de companheiro, envolvem-se com um amante e procuram a justiÃa. No IPREDE, verificou-se a especial importÃncia atribuÃda pelas mÃes aos espaÃos de troca e relacionamentos mais democrÃticos com profissionais, pois elas podem se expressar e ser ouvidas em suas âdores da almaâ. Notou-se, tambÃm, a confianÃa no saber biomÃdico quando buscam orientaÃÃo e compreensÃo quanto à saÃde dos filhos. Tais espaÃos parecem ter contribuÃdo em seu crescimento pessoal, fortalecendo suas possibilidades de enfrentamento. SupÃe-se que programas de intervenÃÃo nutricional poderÃo obter resultados mais satisfatÃrios quando valorizada a histÃria de vida das mÃes como fator coadjuvante no processo de determinaÃÃo e recuperaÃÃo da desnutriÃÃo. O fato de compreender como essa mulher convive com o filho em seu habitat natural poderà fornecer subsÃdios sobre como cuidar melhor, caso a caso. O planejamento de atividades lÃdicas e com recursos audiovisuais pode promover situaÃÃes de aprendizagem mais relaxantes e participativas. Sugere-se, tambÃm, realizar consultas Ãs opiniÃes e preferÃncias das mÃes, o que pode estimular sua inclusÃo e autoafirmaÃÃo como sujeitos ativos em seu processo de cuidado e cura dos filhos. Entende-se que uma atenÃÃo psicoemocional mais individualizada e aprofundada à dÃade poderà favorecer o fortalecimento do vÃnculo mÃe e filho. / Malnutrition should be understood as a multi-dimensional expression characterizing a series of extremely unfavorable situations and living conditions that act upon an individual. To understand the perceptions of mothers of malnourished children regarding the realities of their lives, starting with a context of social disadvantage and at the same time analyzing theircoping strategies in the face of their precarious living conditions. In addition, their impressions of the institution where their children are cared for were also recorded. The study was conducted with seven women, mothers of malnourished children cared for at the Institute for the Promotion of Nutrition and Human Development - IPREDE, located in Fortaleza, CearÃ, between May and October 2011. A qualitative methodology was adopted, developing ethnographic accounts, and the theoretical framework was grounded in the interdisciplinary field of Public Health. A triangulated discussion was carried out using systematic and participatory observation of semi-structured individual interviews, document research and interpretation by the researcher, with the aid of a field diary and constant reference to the specialized literature. The empirical material obtained was analyzed using the technique of discourse analysis. The researcher monitored the lives of these women in their place of residence, visits to health care centers and IPREDE. The results reveal a strong link between child malnutrition and difficulties in the construction of motherhood and bonding between mother and child. The women, marked by fragility and guilt remain limited, fixed on concerns about motherhood; unable to see a way out or opportunities to live better. Faced with so many hardships, the subjects try to seek strategies to deal with adversity, in both the cognitive and the emotional sense, trying to cope with the stressful situations present in their day-to-day. They look for support from their family, friends or neighbors. They work, watch soap operas, walk, sleep, pray, seek a supportive institution, think positively, change partner, get involved with a lover and seek justice. At IPREDE, the mothers place particular importance on having a space for exchanges and more democratic relationships with professionals, where they can express themselves and share their "heartaches." Their confidence in biomedical knowledge when seeking guidance and understanding about their childrenâs health was also observed.These spaces appear to have contributed to their personal growth; strengthening their chances of coping. It is concluded that nutritional intervention programs can obtain better results when the life story of the mothers is valued as a supporting factor in the process of determining and recovering from malnutrition. Understanding how a woman lives with her child in their natural environment may provide insights on a case by case basis. The planning of pleasant activities and audio-visual resources can promote more relaxed and participatory learning situations. It is also suggested that the motherâs opinions and preferences be consulted, as this may stimulate their inclusion and self-affirmation as active subjects in their childâs care and healing. Deeper and more individualized psycho-emotional care and attention to the dyad,may favor the strengthening of the mother-child bond.

The diploma thesis describes the importance of education of young athletes in the field of nutrition. The theoretical part describes nutrition for children. It explains which macronutrients and micronutrients exist and why they are important for the child's body. Furthermore, sports nutrition for children and adolescents is discussed. Last but not least, the basic concepts associated with education, motivation and the influence of food on the mental and physical development of children and adolescents are explained. To meet the main purpose of this work, four goals were set. The first three goals are to compare two groups of boys. The first group of boys has been included in regional football academies for a long time and has been educated about proper nutrition in the past when joining the regional football academy and then in the following years. In the second group, the boys who come to the regional football academy are new, have never been instructed in proper nutrition before and will be educated for the first time. The comparison outlines whether and what is the difference between the results of body composition and diet of previously educated boys compared to those who were newly informed. The fourth goal was to verify whether and what is the importance of education and educational materials...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第21033号 / 社医博第87号 / 新制||社医||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 木原 正博, 教授 西渕 光昭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

Master of Science / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Kevin L. Sauer / Understanding what motivates food handlers is important for developing effective interventions to increase compliance with food safety guidelines. Traditional food safety training techniques improve knowledge, but do not always result in improved performance in the workplace. Studies have consistently demonstrated the persuasive power of stories to influence beliefs and behavior. Transportation into a narrative world is a state of immersion into a story. When individuals are transported into the world of a story, they integrate story information into their real-world beliefs and behavior. In this study, foodservice employees were shown a brief video dramatizing a foodborne illness outbreak. Behavioral intent to comply with food safety guidelines was measured both before and after watching the video. Transportation into the story and story-specific beliefs were measured as well. Study results confirmed previous findings involving narrative transportation. Participants who were highly transported into the story of Glenda’s Horrible Day reported stronger food safety behavioral intent, specifically in areas highlighted by the story, after viewing the video. Highly transported participants also reported stronger agreement with food safety messages after viewing the video. For participants who experienced low transportation into the story, there were no significant increases in behavioral intent or story-specific beliefs after viewing the video. Highly transported participants were those who (a) were familiar with the story topic, (b) were mentally engaged with the story, (c) responded emotionally to the story, and (d) identified with and felt empathy for the story characters.

Introduction: Swedish children are the healthiest in Europe. Through regular visits to well-baby clinics, infants and young children are checked and parents given information and advice on diet and other relevant matters for their child. For a long time, adequate nutrition during infancy and childhood has been focused on encouraging proper nutrition, preventing malnutrition and deficiency states, and obtaining optimal growth. Today, malnutrition and deficiency states in infants and children are rare. But other public health problems have arisen. Nutrition early in life is now thought to influence health and diseases even in adulthood. Thus promotion of a healthy diet in early life is important for preventing public health diseases such as iron deficiency, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and dental caries. Aims: This study investigates health implications of dietary intake in infancy and early childhood. More specific focus was on the associations between dietary fat intake and serum lipid levels in infants, early dietary intake, iron status, dental caries, and Body Mass Index (BMI) at 4 years of age. In addition, hereditary factors and changes over time were evaluated. Methods: Before 6 month of age, 300 healthy infants were recruited from well-baby clinics in Umeå. This thesis is based on secondary analysis of a prospective study in these infants run from 6-18 months and a follow-up of 127 of the children at 4 years. Between 6-18 months and at 4 years, dietary intakes were assessed, anthropometric measures performed, and venous blood samples taken. At 4 years, a dental examination was also performed and anthropometric data and blood samples were collected from parents and included in the study. Results: All but two infants were ever breastfed and at 6 months 73% were still breastfed. The quality of dietary fat was not within national recommendations. At 4 years, intake of vitamin D and selenium were below and intake of sugar and sweet products above the recommendations. In girls, but not boys, higher polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels. Iron status of the children was generally good and no child had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Children’s haemoglobin (Hb) levels tracked from infancy to 4 years and correlated with their mother’s Hb. Fortified infant products and meat were important sources of iron at both 12 months and 4 years. Children with frequent intake of cheese had less caries in this population with low caries prevalence. We found higher protein intake over time to be associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) at 4 years and high BMI at 4 years was associated with high BMI at 6 mo. There was also an association between the BMI of the child and that of its parents. Conclusions: BMI of the child and parents (especially the father), and iron status at 6 months were predictors of these variables at 4 years of age. The quality rather than the quantity of dietary fat in infancy affected serum lipid values. Even in a healthy and well-nourished group of Swedish infants and young children, quality of food and intake of nutrients are important for current and later health of the child.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Deborah D. Canter / Junehee Kwon / Food allergies affect 1 in 25 school-aged children in the U.S., and Child Nutrition Professionals (CNPs) need more vigilance serving them. To assess CNPs’ knowledge, attitudes about food allergies including barriers to providing food allergy training, as well as current training practices; an online survey was conducted with randomly selected 1,500 CNPs nationwide. The survey instrument was developed based on focus groups, pilot-tested, and sent to the sample via email. About 24% or 340 CNPs completed the survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics including hierarchical and logistic regressions were calculated using SPSS. A majority of respondents currently provide allergen free meals in their districts (n=256). The mean food allergy knowledge score of CNPs was 31.9 (Standard Deviation=3.3) of 39. Respondents scored lowest on recognizing symptoms of food allergic reactions and understanding food allergen-related terminology. Years of managerial experience and previous food allergy training were positively associated with the knowledge scores. Most participants viewed food allergy as an important issue, but they faced challenges fulfilling last-minute allergen-free meal requests and purchasing allergen-free products. Sixty percent (n=200) did not provide any food allergy training. Of those who provided some sorts of training (n=140), the training was provided in groups (n=96), “one-on-one” basis (n=30), or combination of both methods (n=14). The employees were trained annually (n=76), once a year if they worked directly with the students with food allergies (n=52), and/or when they were newly hired (n=33). Lack of time and funding were barriers to providing food allergy training. Previous food allergic reactions and regulatory requirements served as cues to providing food allergy training. Previous food allergy training, knowledge, and self-efficacy were factors differentiating if food allergy training had or had not been provided in past 12 months. Systematic and regular food allergy training may be needed to ensure allergen-free meals are properly prepared. Food allergy training for CNPs to improve knowledge and self-efficacy may increase food allergy training at school food service establishments.

Thesis (M. Tech. (Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism)--Vaal University of Technology. / A baseline survey on the nutritional status of primary school children was conducted by means of Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFFQ) and the 24-Hr recall questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed by trained fieldworkers and completed by children attending the primary school in this community. The results of the QFFQ and the 24-Hr recall were used to identify nutrient deficiencies in the target group and to design a food product for a school feeding programme targeted to address specific nutritional needs. The aim of this study was to develop a nutritious novel food product that was affordable and appealing to children, rich in energy, protein and micronutrients. Five recipes were originally tested and evaluated. Recipes were theoretically analyzed by using the Dietary Manager program. The three most suitable recipes were chosen. Sensory analysis, by means of a paired preference test was done to determine which of the three products the subjects preferred. The final product developed was a maize meal and whole wheal "vetkoek". The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) laboratory in Irene bio-chemically analysed the velkoek. A second sensory analysis was conducted to evaluate the product for acceptability. A smiley face evaluation sheet was developed for the acceptance testing. The results showed that the majority (65 percent) of the consumers liked the product very much, 18 percent liked the product moderately, and 17 percent found it acceptable, 90 percent found it to be acceptable for inclusion in a school-feeding program. After the sensory evaluation was done a trained microbiologist at the ARC conducted the shelf life testing. A recipe pamphlet was developed and printed in a format that is easily understood by illiterate people. The pamphlet was used by the community workers, who were responsible for preparing the vetkoek. The results indicated that a vetkoek, meeting all the stated criteria can successfully be developed for a school programme / National Research Foundation (NRF); Central Research Council (CRC)