Cilantro, the leaf of the Coriandrum sativum plant, has been documented as being one of the most polarizing and divisive foods known. It has been proposed that extreme disliking of this herb may be explained by genetic variation. The objectives of this thesis were to quantify the prevalence of cilantro disliking in various ethnocultural groups, to identify genetic polymorphisms that are associated with this trait using genome-wide association studies, and to analyze the associations of these polymorphisms within different ethnocultural groups. Prevalence of cilantro disliking was found to range from 3%, among Middle Eastern subjects, to 21% among East Asians. Two polymorphisms, one in the OR4N5 olfactory receptor gene and the other in the TAS2R1 taste receptor gene, were found to be associated with cilantro preference in the Caucasian subset of the study population. No statistically significant associations were observed within other ethnic groups.

Cilantro, the leaf of the Coriandrum sativum plant, has been documented as being one of the most polarizing and divisive foods known. It has been proposed that extreme disliking of this herb may be explained by genetic variation. The objectives of this thesis were to quantify the prevalence of cilantro disliking in various ethnocultural groups, to identify genetic polymorphisms that are associated with this trait using genome-wide association studies, and to analyze the associations of these polymorphisms within different ethnocultural groups. Prevalence of cilantro disliking was found to range from 3%, among Middle Eastern subjects, to 21% among East Asians. Two polymorphisms, one in the OR4N5 olfactory receptor gene and the other in the TAS2R1 taste receptor gene, were found to be associated with cilantro preference in the Caucasian subset of the study population. No statistically significant associations were observed within other ethnic groups.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Carrots, cilantro and parsley are vegetable, Apiaceae family, important in agriculture and Brazilian culinary. In recent years, the increasing production of these species led to the emergence of pest problems, especially diseases caused by fungi. In order to minimize the harmful effect of these fungi, the present study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and biological treatment, with or without polymer, in carrot coriander and parsley seeds, contaminated with A. alternata and A. radicina during storage. Were used seeds of carrot, coriander and parsley from producers in Rio Grande do Sul, without any chemical treatment, produced in 2009/2010. After receipt, the seeds were submitted to the initial assessment of water content, germination and health. According with the results of sanity test, in which was detected the presence of Alternaria alternata and A. radicina associated with seeds, were selected seeds of each species, according to the highest percentage of pathogens incidence. After, the seeds were submitted to treatment, according to manufacturers' recommendations, with fungicide Captan® (in dose of 0,002 g.kg-1) or with the biological product based on of Trichoderma spp., Agrotrich plus® (in dose of 25g.ha-1), both added or not polymer Collorseed - Rigran® (in dose of 50 mL. kg-1). Thus, the treatments were: control, seeds + Captan®, seed + Captan® + polymer, seeds + Agrotrich plus®, seeds + Agrotrich plus® + polymer. Quality assessments were performed every three months, the course of a year of storage. Physiological quality was evaluated by germination test, first count germination, cold test, seedling length, emergence and emergence rate index and the health quality through the Blotter test. The seeds treatment of carrot, coriander and parsley, contaminated with A. alternata and A. radicina with the fungicide Captan® + polymer favored the physiological and sanitary quality during storage. The Agrotrich plus®, polymer or not, did not show effectiveness in the treatment of the seed during storage. Additionally, the incidence of A. alternata and A. radicina reduced over twelve months of storage, regardless of the treatment applied to the apiaceas seed. / Cenoura, coentro e salsa são hortaliças, da família Apiaceae, importantes na agricultura e na culinária brasileira. Nos últimos anos, a crescente produção de sementes dessas espécies ocasionou o surgimento de problemas fitossanitários, principalmente doenças causadas por fungos. No intuito de minimizar o efeito nocivo desses fungos, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento químico e biológico, associados ou não a polímero, em sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa, contaminadas com A. alternata e A. radicina durante o armazenamento. Foram utilizadas sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa provenientes de empresas produtoras do Rio Grande do Sul, sem qualquer tipo de tratamento químico, produzidas na safra 2009/2010. Após o recebimento, as sementes foram submetidas à avaliação inicial do teor de água, germinação e sanidade. De acordo com os resultados do teste de sanidade, no qual foi detectada a presença de Alternaria alternata e A. radicina associados às sementes, foram selecionadas sementes de cada espécie, de acordo com a maior incidência dos patógenos. A partir disso, as sementes foram submetidas ao tratamento, de acordo com recomendações dos fabricantes, com fungicida Captan® (na dose de 0,002 g.kg-1) ou com o produto biológico à base de Trichoderma spp., Agrotrich plus® (na dose de 25 g.ha-1), ambos acrescidos ou não de polímero Collorseed - Rigran® (na dose 50 mL. kg-1). Assim, os tratamentos consistiram em: testemunha, semente + fungicida Captan®, semente + fungicida Captan® + polímero, semente + Agrotrich plus®, semente + Agrotrich plus® + polímero. Avaliações de qualidade foram realizadas a cada três meses, ao decorrer de um ano de armazenamento. A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada através dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, teste de frio, comprimento de plântula, emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência e, a qualidade sanitária através do método do papel filtro. O tratamento de sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa, contaminadas com A. alternata e com A. radicina, com o fungicida Captan® + polímero, favoreceu a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária durante o armazenamento. O Agrotrich plus®, acrescido ou não de polímero, não mostrou eficiência no tratamento dessas sementes durante o armazenamento. Além disso, a incidência de A. alternata e de A. radicina reduziu ao longo de doze meses de armazenamento, independentemente do tratamento aplicado nas sementes de apiáceas.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-03T13:18:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria Maciel dos Santos.pdf: 471720 bytes, checksum: 32b4d609ca8e3d32c3cac3a4c0d50531 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T13:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria Maciel dos Santos.pdf: 471720 bytes, checksum: 32b4d609ca8e3d32c3cac3a4c0d50531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / There is no genetic studies in the culture of cilantro to identify genotypes resistant to diseases. Cultivar Verdão is the most used by the farmers of the North and Northeast of Brazil, however, is a good host of Meloidogyne incognita. An alternative for population control of this pathogen in the soil is the use of resistant cultivars, by providing reduced nematode inoculum and spread to other areas. The study of correlations is an option that allows a better understanding of the genetic control of the trait in the breeding population, which allows greater efficiency in the selection. The objective of the study was to evaluate a population of coriander as resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and propose a strategy for driving improvement coriander program to obtain resistant genotypes. 46 half-sib progenies were evaluated in randomized blocks, with three replications, and the experimental plot consisted of eight plants. After fifteen days of sowing the inoculation of eggs in 1500 the pathogen was performed with plants harvested forty-five days after inoculation. The variables evaluated were number of galls in clod, number of root galls washed and the number of eggs per plant. There was no significant difference between the progenies. There was positive genetic correlation between characters in clod number of galls and egg number. The coincidence of individuals with fewer galls in clod and eggs was approximately 50%. Considering the study population, 51.97% of the plants showed lower number of galls on the root ball truncation point set and 55.38% endorsed the guys are tough. / Há ausência de estudos genéticos na cultura do coentro que identifiquem genótipos resistentes a doenças. A cultivar Verdão é a mais utilizada pelos agricultores do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, porém, é uma boa hospedeira do Meloidogyne incognita. Uma alternativa para o controle da população deste patógeno no solo é a utilização de cultivares resistentes, por proporcionar redução do inoculo do nematoide e disseminação para outras áreas. O estudo de correlações é uma opção que possibilita uma melhor compreensão do controle genético do caráter na população em melhoramento, o que permite maior eficiência na seleção. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar uma população de coentro quanto a resistência à Meloidogyne incognita raça 1 e propor uma estratégia de condução de programa de melhoramento do coentro para obtenção de genótipos resistentes. Foram avaliadas 46 progênies de meios-irmãos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, sendo a parcela experimental, constituída por oito plantas. Após quinze dias da semeadura foi realizada a inoculação de 1500 ovos do patógeno, cujas plantas colhidas quarenta e cinco dias após a inoculação. As variáveis avaliadas foram número de galhas no torrão, número de galhas no sistema radicular lavado e o número de ovos por planta. Não houve diferença significativa entre as progênies avaliadas. Obteve-se correlação genética positiva entre os caracteres número de galhas no torrão e o número de ovos. A coincidência de indivíduos com menor número de galhas no torrão e de ovos foi de aproximadamente 50%. Considerando a população em estudo, 51,97% das plantas, apresentaram número de galhas no torrão inferior ao ponto de truncagem estabelecido e 55,38% dos indivíduos avalizados são resistentes.

Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos / En América, la Región Andina constituye un gran centro de origen y “domesticación” de numerosas especies vegetales alimenticias y sus semillas pueden ser buena fuente de nutrientes, compuestos bioactivos y tener aplicación en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales. Los aceites de origen vegetal, han sido ampliamente estudiados en los últimos 20 años. El efecto en la salud de la cantidad y tipo de aceites ingeridos ha generado gran interés en el ámbito científico. Los resultados del análisis proximal de las cuatro semillas estudiadas son variados. En el coquito de palma chilena el componente mayoritario son los lípidos, en las otras semillas lo es la fibra dietética. El mayor contenido de proteínas lo presenta la semilla de cilantro con un 12%, seguido de la semilla de mora con 10%. El contenido graso es muy dispar, el coquito de palma contiene en promedio 68,6%, el cilantro 3,1%, la mora 16,5% y la rosa mosqueta 7,9%. La composición de la materia grasa de las semillas es amplia, el aceite de coquito de palma chilena contiene un predominio de ácidos grasos saturados, el de semilla de cilantro es monoinsaturado, con predominio del ác. petroselínico. En el caso de la semilla de mora y la de rosa mosqueta, los aceites de ambas son poliinsaturados. El contenido de ácido linoleico, esencial para el ser humano, varia en cada semilla, mientras el menor porcentaje lo posee el aceite de palma chilena, con 2%, el mayor lo presentan el aceite de mora con 59% y el de rosa mosqueta con 44,20%. El aceite de cilantro contiene 13,75%, lo cual es bajo considerando que contiene casi 80% de ácidos monoinsaturados. El contenido de ácido linolénico es importante sólo en las semillas de mora y rosa mosqueta con 9,15 y 31,73% respectivamente. Los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el aceite de las semillas estudiadas, tocoferoles y fitoesteroles, están en cantidades importantes en las semillas de mora, cilantro y rosa mosqueta. El contenido de tocoferoles, como era esperable estuvo en cantidades mayores en aquellos aceites más poliinsaturados / In America, the Andes Region constitutes a great center where many vegetables species have had their origin and where the ancient native habitants adapted them for edible purposes and their seeds actually can be a good source of different nutrients, bioactive compounds, and to be applied as new ingredients in the development of functional foods. Different seeds oils have been widely studied in the last twenty years. Their benefic health effects related to the quantity and quality of their intake by the different populations in the world have produced a great interest in the scientific field. The results obtained in this study for the proximate analysis for four seeds show a great variation. In the case of the chilean palm coconut the major component is fat, in the other seeds is dietary fiber. Coriander seeds present the major protein content with a 12%, followed by blackberry with 10%. Fat content is quite different among the studied seeds. Chilean palm coconut has a mean of 68.6%, coriander seed 3.1%, blackberry seed 16.5% and rose hip seed 7.9%. The fatty acid composition of the fat extracted from each seed also is very different. In the case of chilean palm coconut, saturated fatty acid group is predominant, being lauric acid the main with 42%. Coriander seed oil is mainly monounsaturated, with the predominance of petroselinic acid with 69%. For Blackberry and Rose hip seed oil the principal fatty acid group is polyunsaturated. Linoleic acid, which is essential for human beings, presents a great variation among the seeds oils studied. The lesser content was found for chilean palm coconut with 2%. The highest contents were found for blackberry seed oil and rose hip seed oil with 59 and 44.2% respectively. Coriander seed oils contains 13.75%, value which is considered low compared with its high content in monounsaturated fatty acids of 80%. Linolenic acid, the other essential fatty acid for human beings is only important in blackberry and rose hip seeds oils with 9.15 and 31.7% respectively. The bioactive compounds present in the plant seeds studied as tocopherols and phytosterols, are present in important quantities in blackberry, coriander and rose hip seed oils. The Tocopherol content was higher in those polyunsaturated fatty acids seed oils, than in the more saturated ones, as it was expected

A preliminary experiment evaluated the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or mechanical stimulation (brushing) on branching of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), cilantro (Coriandrum sativium L.), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill). Dikegulac sodium increased branching in sweet basil up to 400 ppm and thereafter branching decreased compared to control plants. Ethephon increased branching in sweet basil as rate increased up to 500 mg/L compared to control plants. Mechanical stimulation resulted in a significant decrease in plant height, plant width, number of branches, and number of leaders for all species compared to control plants. Benzyladenine and metaconazole had no effect on these species. In the main experiment the effect of colored shade cloth and PGRs or brushing were assessed on sweet basil, Thai basil (Ocimum basilicum "Siam Queen" L.), Genovese basil (Ocimum basilicum "Genovese" L.), cilantro, and parsley. All crops were grown under conventional black, blue ChromatiNet®, or red ChromatiNet® shade cloth. Subplot treatments included: dikegulac sodium at 400 ppm; benzyladenine at 300 ppm; ethephon at 350 ppm; brushing at 10 strokes applied twice daily. We assessed volatile compunds on all crops and conducted a sensory panel on sweet basil. Red shade cloth increased the number of branches and shoot fresh weight in sweet basil, Thai basil, and Genovese basil. Number of leaf stalks and shoot fresh weight also increased in cilantro plants grown under red shade cloth. Red shade cloth increased fresh weight of parsley plants. Sensory panel results showed a preference for the appearance of sweet basil grown under red shade cloth. Red shade cloth can be used to grow sweet basil, Thai basil, Genovese basil, cilantro, and parsley plants that have more branches and higher fresh weights. / Master of Science