No description available.

Typical symptoms of aphasia such as comprehension problems and expressive language difficulties may affect the ability to take part in social contexts. Therefore, it is important to find ways to facilitate communication for people with aphasia. CIRCA is a communicationpromoting web service, designed for people with dementia and healthcare providers. Since people with aphasia show similar linguistic and communicative difficulties as people with dementia, it is possible that CIRCA would work as a communication support for people with aphasia as well. The aim of the present study was to investigate CIRCA as group activity for people with aphasia, in comparison to traditional group activities. Five participants with aphasia were recruited. The data collection involved four sessions with the use of CIRCA and four sessions where traditional activities were conducted, each session lasting for about 30 minutes. The sessions were videotaped, transcribed and analyzed according to methods inspired by Conversation Analysis, CA. The authors of this study chose to analyze the use of gestures, laughter, communication supporting behaviour and utilization of the available material in the various activities. The selected sections consisted of commonly used conversational phenomena that were considered to shape and characterize the conversations during traditional group activities, and when using CIRCA. Interviews about the participants' experiences of the conversations were conducted during the various activities. The selected conversational phenomena occurred frequently during all sessions as a type of interactive resources. What primarily characterized CIRCA as a group activity, in comparison to the traditional group activities, was that both pointing and iconic gestures were used to convey or clarify a message; that laughter served as a way of expressing mutual understanding about the material in CIRCA; that guesses in conversations when using CIRCA more often succeeded as communicative help behaviour; and that the images and music in CIRCA were used as a support for expression and understanding in conversation. All participants had a positive attitude toward the use of CIRCA.

Afasi innebär impressiva och expressiva språkliga svårigheter, vilket kan medföra svårigheter att vara delaktig i sociala sammanhang. Det är därför viktigt att hitta sätt att stödja kommunikationen för denna patientgrupp. CIRCA är en kommunikationsfrämjande webbtjänst, framtagen för personer med demens och deras vårdgivare. Då personer med afasi uppvisar liknande språkliga och kommunikativa svårigheter som personer med demenssjukdom, bör CIRCA även kunna användas som kommunikationsstöd för personer med afasi. Föreliggande studies syfte var att undersöka CIRCA som gruppaktivitet för personer med afasi, i relation till traditionella gruppaktiviteter. Fem deltagare med afasi rekryterades. Datainsamlingen bestod av fyra samtal då CIRCA användes och fyra då traditionella aktiviteter genomfördes, där varje session pågick under ungefär 30 minuter. Samtalen videofilmades, transkriberades och analyserades utifrån en CA-inspirerad metod. I föreliggande studie valdes att analysera användningen av gester, skratt, kommunikativa hjälpbeteenden och nyttjande av materialet i aktiviteterna. Utvalda utdrag i studien bestod av vanligt förekommande samtalsfenomen som ansågs forma och karaktärisera samtalen under traditionella gruppaktiviteter och vid användning av CIRCA. Intervjuer genomfördes kring deltagarnas upplevelser av samtalen under de olika sessionerna. Utvalda samtalsfenomen i studien förekom ofta under samtliga samtal och fungerade som olika typer av interaktionella resurser. Det som framförallt utmärkte CIRCA som gruppaktivitet, i relation till de traditionella gruppaktiviteterna, var att både pekning och ikoniska gester nyttjades för att förmedla eller förtydliga ett budskap; att skratt fungerade som ett sätt att uttrycka ömsesidig förståelse kring materialet i webbtjänsten; att gissningar i samtal vid användning av CIRCA oftare lyckades som kommunikativt hjälpbeteende; samt att bilderna och musiken i CIRCA nyttjades som ett stöd för uttryck och förståelse i samtal. Samtliga deltagare var positiva till användandet av CIRCA. / Typical symptoms of aphasia such as comprehension problems and expressive language difficulties may affect the ability to take part in social contexts. Therefore, it is important to find ways to facilitate communication for people with aphasia. CIRCA is a communicationpromoting web service, designed for people with dementia and healthcare providers. Since people with aphasia show similar linguistic and communicative difficulties as people with dementia, it is possible that CIRCA would work as a communication support for people with aphasia as well. The aim of the present study was to investigate CIRCA as group activity for people with aphasia, in comparison to traditional group activities. Five participants with aphasia were recruited. The data collection involved four sessions with the use of CIRCA and four sessions where traditional activities were conducted, each session lasting for about 30 minutes. The sessions were videotaped, transcribed and analyzed according to methods inspired by Conversation Analysis, CA. The authors of this study chose to analyze the use of gestures, laughter, communication supporting behaviour and utilization of the available material in the various activities. The selected sections consisted of commonly used conversational phenomena that were considered to shape and characterize the conversations during traditional group activities, and when using CIRCA. Interviews about the participants' experiences of the conversations were conducted during the various activities. The selected conversational phenomena occurred frequently during all sessions as a type of interactive resources. What primarily characterized CIRCA as a group activity, in comparison to the traditional group activities, was that both pointing and iconic gestures were used to convey or clarify a message; that laughter served as a way of expressing mutual understanding about the material in CIRCA; that guesses in conversations when using CIRCA more often succeeded as communicative help behaviour; and that the images and music in CIRCA were used as a support for expression and understanding in conversation. All participants had a positive attitude toward the use of CIRCA.

Inaug.-diss.--Erlangen. / Cover title. "Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen": p. [38]-39.

Muitos trabalhos sobre comportamento consideram que os ritmos observados são simplesmente uma resposta aos estímulos ambientais. No entanto, desde o século XVIII, sabe-se que a temporização é real e muitos organismos exibem ritmos endógenos que são arrastados por zeitgebers ou \"doadores de tempo\". Para a grande maioria dos seres vivos, o principal zeitgeber é o ciclo claro/escuro (CE). No entanto, para os organismos das zonas entremarés, o ciclo das marés é tão importante quanto o ciclo de luz. A maré e seus componentes agindo como zeitgeber têm sido estudados com invertebrados e pouca atenção tem sido dada aos peixes que vivem nas zonas entremarés. Uma das espécies mais comuns destes ambientes é o Bathygobius soporator, conhecido como amborê, e o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a presença de ritmicidade em sua atividade locomotora, avaliando as contribuições endógenas e exógenas dos ciclos de luminosidade, da variação da coluna d\'água e da turbulência da água sobre este ritmo. Para isso, os amborês foram mantidos em aquários individuais onde as condições abióticas puderam ser controladas de acordo com os experimentos em andamento. A atividade locomotora foi registrada com câmeras de segurança e fontes de luz infravermelha acopladas a um vídeo \"time-lapse\" que fez o registro de um quadro a cada trinta segundos. As distâncias percorridas a cada trinta segundos foram categorizadas em quatro classes discretas, e esses valores foram agrupados a cada trinta minutos, compondo 48 pontos a cada 24 horas. A análise das séries temporais foi feita através do programa \"El Temps\" que gerou actogramas e periodogramas de Lomb-Scargle, que permitem identificar ritmos com períodos significativos. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o ciclo CE e de variação na coluna d\'água são zeitgebers, enquanto a turbulência é um agente mascarador para a ritmicidade locomotora dos amborês. Concluiu-se, também, que os relógios biológicos nos amborês não são rígidos e possuem acoplamento extremamente frágil, gerando uma alta plasticidade na expressão dos ritmos endógenos e exógenos, o que está de acordo com o modo de vida dos amborês observados no ambiente natural. / Many organisms\' rhythms are considered to be simple reactions to the cyclical changes in the environment. However, the endogenous rhythms entrained by zeitgebers are well known and have been described for many organisms since the 18th century. Although the light/dark cycle (LD) is the main zeitgeber for most living beings, the tidal cycles are as important for the intertidal organisms. It has been studied as a zeitgeber mainly for invertebrates, and little attention has been given to the intertidal fish. Bathygobius soporator, also known as frillfin goby, is one of the most abundant species in the tropical intertidal zone, and this project was designed to verify the rhythmicity in its locomotor activity, and measure how the LD cycle, the cyclical change in water level, and the turbulence cycle affect the endogenous and/or exogenous aspects of this rhythm. The gobies were kept in individual aquariums where all abiotic conditions were controlled according to the requirements of each experiment. The locomotor activity was recorded with security cameras and infrared light bulbs connected to a time-lapse video recorder that taped one frame every thirty seconds. The distance moved by each fish every thirty seconds was categorized into four discrete classes. The values assigned to these classes of movements were added into thirty minutes blocks, thus giving 48 numbers for every 24 hours. The collected data was analyzed by the \"El Temps\" software that provided actograms and Lomb-Scargle periodograms which allowed the detection of rhythms and significant periods. The results led us to conclude that LD cycle and the cyclical change in water level are zeitgebers to locomotor activity of B. soporator, and that the turbulence is a masking agent. We could also affirm that the frillfin gobies\' biological clocks are weak and have a very fragile coupling, giving the fish a malleable expression of their endogenous and exogenous rhythms. This concurs with the natural history of B. soporator.

Dementia means significant cognitive decline in language, memory and executive functions. Dementia is associated with progressive communication difficulties, which can result in reduced quality of life. To promote quality of life, the communicative environment, participation in group activities and cognitive stimulation have great significance. Cognitive stimulation can delay, slow or prevent symptoms of dementia. Furthermore, information and communication technology (ICT) has promising results in relation to dementia. However, research including psychosocial intervention are limited, which motivates present study. The present study is the first Swedish study which purpose was to promote social interaction for people with dementia through conversational sessions as a group activity when using the communication aid CIRCA (Computer Interactive Reminiscence and Communication Aid). Further purpose was to contribute to the understanding of high technological communication aids’ potential to facilitate and support communication for people with dementia. Five individuals with dementia were recruited from a residential care home. The study comprises a seven-session CIRCA-based group activity, and the material consist of seven hours and fifteen minutes recordings. The analysis included mapping of conversational topics where particularly interesting interactive phenomena were selected that were considered representative of the interaction. The results showed that the conversational sequences could relate to the content of CIRCA, the management of the tablet or were as a result of the content in CIRCA. Characteristic interactional phenomena were enjoyable group dynamics with laughter, humour, singing and social inclusion where participants contributed with information, personal experiences and asked each other questions. Furthermore, a symmetric interaction emerged between participants and between participants and the facilitator. The participants considered the group sessions in use of CIRCA to be enjoyable, amusing, informative and provided conversational topics and simplified the conversations in comparison to without communication aid. The results indicate that CIRCA has promising potential to be utilized as a group activity for people with dementia. CIRCA could be applicable in residential care homes where caregivers’ opportunities to socialize one-to-one is limited. Furthermore, the multimedia of CIRCA can offer a variation that may cater to several individuals interests. CIRCA could constitute a group intervention to promote activity, interaction and social relationships, that could improve the quality of life of people with dementia.

Muitos trabalhos sobre comportamento consideram que os ritmos observados são simplesmente uma resposta aos estímulos ambientais. No entanto, desde o século XVIII, sabe-se que a temporização é real e muitos organismos exibem ritmos endógenos que são arrastados por zeitgebers ou \"doadores de tempo\". Para a grande maioria dos seres vivos, o principal zeitgeber é o ciclo claro/escuro (CE). No entanto, para os organismos das zonas entremarés, o ciclo das marés é tão importante quanto o ciclo de luz. A maré e seus componentes agindo como zeitgeber têm sido estudados com invertebrados e pouca atenção tem sido dada aos peixes que vivem nas zonas entremarés. Uma das espécies mais comuns destes ambientes é o Bathygobius soporator, conhecido como amborê, e o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a presença de ritmicidade em sua atividade locomotora, avaliando as contribuições endógenas e exógenas dos ciclos de luminosidade, da variação da coluna d\'água e da turbulência da água sobre este ritmo. Para isso, os amborês foram mantidos em aquários individuais onde as condições abióticas puderam ser controladas de acordo com os experimentos em andamento. A atividade locomotora foi registrada com câmeras de segurança e fontes de luz infravermelha acopladas a um vídeo \"time-lapse\" que fez o registro de um quadro a cada trinta segundos. As distâncias percorridas a cada trinta segundos foram categorizadas em quatro classes discretas, e esses valores foram agrupados a cada trinta minutos, compondo 48 pontos a cada 24 horas. A análise das séries temporais foi feita através do programa \"El Temps\" que gerou actogramas e periodogramas de Lomb-Scargle, que permitem identificar ritmos com períodos significativos. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o ciclo CE e de variação na coluna d\'água são zeitgebers, enquanto a turbulência é um agente mascarador para a ritmicidade locomotora dos amborês. Concluiu-se, também, que os relógios biológicos nos amborês não são rígidos e possuem acoplamento extremamente frágil, gerando uma alta plasticidade na expressão dos ritmos endógenos e exógenos, o que está de acordo com o modo de vida dos amborês observados no ambiente natural. / Many organisms\' rhythms are considered to be simple reactions to the cyclical changes in the environment. However, the endogenous rhythms entrained by zeitgebers are well known and have been described for many organisms since the 18th century. Although the light/dark cycle (LD) is the main zeitgeber for most living beings, the tidal cycles are as important for the intertidal organisms. It has been studied as a zeitgeber mainly for invertebrates, and little attention has been given to the intertidal fish. Bathygobius soporator, also known as frillfin goby, is one of the most abundant species in the tropical intertidal zone, and this project was designed to verify the rhythmicity in its locomotor activity, and measure how the LD cycle, the cyclical change in water level, and the turbulence cycle affect the endogenous and/or exogenous aspects of this rhythm. The gobies were kept in individual aquariums where all abiotic conditions were controlled according to the requirements of each experiment. The locomotor activity was recorded with security cameras and infrared light bulbs connected to a time-lapse video recorder that taped one frame every thirty seconds. The distance moved by each fish every thirty seconds was categorized into four discrete classes. The values assigned to these classes of movements were added into thirty minutes blocks, thus giving 48 numbers for every 24 hours. The collected data was analyzed by the \"El Temps\" software that provided actograms and Lomb-Scargle periodograms which allowed the detection of rhythms and significant periods. The results led us to conclude that LD cycle and the cyclical change in water level are zeitgebers to locomotor activity of B. soporator, and that the turbulence is a masking agent. We could also affirm that the frillfin gobies\' biological clocks are weak and have a very fragile coupling, giving the fish a malleable expression of their endogenous and exogenous rhythms. This concurs with the natural history of B. soporator.

Ziel der Arbeit war es die Quellenlage Hildegard von Bingens ‚Physica‘ zu beleuchten. Dazu werden die Kapitel der exotischen Gewürze (Kap. I,13-21 und I,26-27), der Duftpflanzen (Kap. I,22-25), und der heimischen Gewürze (Kap. I,63-70) mit den entsprechenden Kapiteln aus ‚Macer floridus‘ (Odo Magdunensis), ‚Circa instans‘ (Matthaeus Platearius), ‚Liber graduum‘ (Constantinus Africanus), ‚Naturalis historia‘ (Plinius der Ältere) und ‚Materia medica‘ (Pedanius Dioskurides) verglichen. Es konnten verschiedenartige Bezüge zur Tradition hergestellt werden, jedoch ist hervorzuheben, dass Hildegard dennoch in den Anwendungen eine ausgeprägte Originalität aufweist. / The object of the thesis was to clarify the sources of the Hildegard von Bingen‘s “Physica”. Chapters of the exotic spices (I,13-21 und I,26-27), plants with perfume (I,22-25) and local spices (I,63-70) were compared with correspondent chapters in “Macer floridus” (Odo Magdunensis), “Circa instans” (Matthaeus Platearius), “Liber graduum” (Constantinus Africanus), “Naturalis historia” (Pliny the Elder) and “Materia medica” (Pedanius Dioscorides). Various references to the tradition were depicted but it must be emphasized Physica’s distinct originality.

This work aims to offer a new methodological approach to intellectual exchange in the medieval Mediterranean. In the absence of abundant textual evidence, this work explores the transmission of scientific knowledge from Greek and Arabic into Latin during the eleventh and twelfth centuries through direct textual translation as well as unwritten, typically material, exchanges. It approaches the so-called twelfth-century translation movement of Greek and Arabic science into Latin in three parts, which each touch on a different branch of medieval science that was transmitted into Latin through medieval Sicily. The first part examines paratextual diagrams in medieval manuscripts of the Classical work on mathematics and astronomy, Ptolemy’s Almagest. Working across Latin, Arabic, and Greek, it traces a different route for the transmission of the mathematical diagrams than for the translation of the text itself. In the second part, it moves away from direct translation, turning to the production of Latin pharmaceutical manuals that lack a direct antecedent in another language. For one of these, Circa instans of Matthaeus Platearius, it first considers on both a holistic and granular scale how the Latin text drew on influences in Greek and Arabic that would have been available in Sicily in the twelfth century. This comparison suggests that some information about pharmacology was transmitted orally or experientially. The next section compares the individual substances included in Circa Instans to Latin and Judaeo-Arabic trade records for Sicily during that period, in order to determine whether and how information about these goods as medicines could have moved through trade, which otherwise considered them to be supplemental materials for the textile industry. T he third part is focused on copper, one of the materials mentioned in both pharmaceutical manuals and trade records, which also has a significant presence in extant objects from Norman Sicily. By systematically surveying these extant objects, as well as the treatment of copper in alchemical manuals from the period, this work considers the different information that was conveyed through the material presentation of copper than through its treatment in alchemical treatises. In these analyses, this work demonstrates that a study of medieval science can benefit from: considering a broad range of sources, both in language and medium; navigating carefully through assertions of what the knowledge being transmitted constituted; and reevaluating assumptions about the role that textual translation played in transmitting knowledge of science.

L’histoire de la revue Les Cahiers de Prospero est intimement liée à la Chartreuse de Villeneuve lez Avignon et à la double naissance en 1991 du Centre National des Écritures du Spectacle et de la revue Prospero, son aînée. La recherche décrit et analyse les conditions et les enjeux politiques, patrimoniaux, culturels et éditoriaux qui ont construit leur avènement et dont les deux étapes principales sont la réhabilitation du monument en un centre culturel de rencontre à visée européenne et le Compte rendu d’Avignon, vaste enquête dirigée par Michel Vinaver au sein du Centre National des Lettres. L’étude se concentre sur le passage d’une revue institutionnelle et spécialisée (1991-1992) à une revue conçue uniquement par des auteurs de théâtre (1994-1996) qui se transforme en une « carte blanche » confiée à un seul auteur - concepteur par cahier (1999-2002). La recherche se resserre sur les périodes qui anticipent la création de Prospero et des Cahiers de Prospero, l’étude de leur contenu, et la période charnière qui modifie la ligne éditoriale et ouvre un espace de confrontations auctoriales, recentré autour de l’écriture théâtrale. Michel Azama, rédacteur en chef de la revue, en accord avec les dirigeants de la Chartreuse, rassemble un comité d’auteurs : Eugène Durif, Roland Fichet, Didier-Georges Gabily, Philippe Minyana, Jean-Marie Piemme et Noëlle Renaude pour réaliser Les Cahiers de Prospero. Plus qu’un objet littéraire, la revue Les Cahiers de Prospero donne à lire le portrait de l’auteur de théâtre à l’aube du XXIème siècle et contribue, par la richesse de son contenu et l’invitation d’un peintre auteur par cahier, à inventer un objet unique. / The history of the periodical Les Cahiers de Prospero is closely related to La Chartreuse of Villeneuve lez Avignon and to the birth, in 1991, of both the Centre National des Écritures du Spectacle (The National Playwriting Centre) and a former periodical named Prospero.This research describes and analyzes the conditions and the various contexts and issues (political, patrimonial, cultural and editorial) underlying the birth of Les Cahiers de Prospero, the two main steps being the rehabilitation of the monument into a cultural center with a European aim and the Compte rendu d’Avignon (Avignon’s Report), a wide study directed by Michel Vinaver within the Centre National des Lettres. The research will focus on the transformation of a specialised and institutionalised periodical (1991-1992), into a periodical conceived only by theater writers (1994-1996) then into a « carte blanche » given to a single author-designer for each publication (1999-2002).A modification of the editorial line allows the authors to find a space of communication and confrontation, centered around theater-writing issues. Michel Azama, editor-in-chief of the magazine, in agreement with the direction of the Chartreuse, gathers a commitee of authors: Eugène Durif, Roland Fichet, Didier-Georges Gabily, Philippe Minyana, Jean-Marie Piemme and Noëlle Renaude to realize Les Cahiers de Propero. More than a literary object, Les Cahiers de Propero offer a portrait of the theater writer at the dawn of the XXIst century. The richness of its contents and the collaboration of a guest painter author per issue turns it into a unique object.