Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-09T13:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Barros Leite.pdf: 2336046 bytes, checksum: 96df1f7e95ece1f3a1a3d14fe45b0026 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T13:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Barros Leite.pdf: 2336046 bytes, checksum: 96df1f7e95ece1f3a1a3d14fe45b0026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-11 / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the process of generation, dissemination and adoption of new technologies rural "One Million Cisterns (P1MC)" family farmers in the community pond Fernando in the city of Gravesend, state of Pernambuco. Water is a limited good that has been a constant target of the interests of those who exercise power relationships between members of a society. But political decisions do not seem to consider the limitations of this feature, hence the need to investigate alternatives that address this limitation. In the search for alternatives that may facilitate the coexistence of these inhabitants of semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil with the problem of shortage of water resources were created some programs such as "The One Million Cisterns (P1MC)", which is justified by the maximum use of water resources in the region. The analysis model is supported by the Institutionalism Theory. We analyze the analytical dimensions of the generation, dissemination and adoption. The process of generating this dissertation is bent in tangible and intangible aspects, being represented respectively by product and process required to create the tank plate. As for the diffusion process is represented in the institutional mechanisms coercive, mimetic and normative. These elements exert pressure on organizations to become more homogeneous in their actions. For the adoption, we used some analytical categories of contributory mechanisms and inhibitors of social innovations: engagement, awareness, learning, care management, transaction and relationship between the part and the whole, leadership, people and institutional context. To compose the triangulation process recommended in qualitative research, exploratory used two different routes of semi-open interviews, one technical and applied to other farmers. In the case of qualitative research to analyze the data from the content analysis. At the end of the paper we indicate the reasons why women have greater power than men on the management of water, due to the mobilization of these women in the processes of awareness, engagement and learning along the P1MC. / A proposta desta dissertação é investigar o processo de geração, difusão e adoção das novas tecnologias rurais do “Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC)” entre os agricultores familiares na comunidade Lagoa do Fernando no município de Gravatá, estado de Pernambuco. A água é um bem limitado que vem sendo alvo constante dos interesses daqueles que exercem relações de poder entre os membros de uma sociedade. Entretanto as decisões políticas parecem não considerar a limitação desse recurso, daí a necessidade de se investigar alternativas que contemplem essa limitante. Na busca por alternativas que possam facilitar a convivência desses habitantes da região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro com o problema da escassez de recursos hídricos foram criados alguns programas como: “O Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC)”, que é justificado pelo aproveitamento máximo dos recursos hídricos na região. O modelo de análise está respaldo pela Teoria Institucionalista. São analisadas as dimensões analíticas da geração, difusão e adoção. O processo de geração nesta dissertação está debruçado nos aspectos tangíveis e intangíveis, estando representados respectivamente pelo produto e processo necessários para criação das cisternas de placa. Quanto ao processo de difusão está representado nos mecanismos institucionais coercitivos, miméticos e normativos. Esses elementos exercem pressão para que as organizações se tornem mais homogêneas em suas ações. Para à adoção, foram utilizados algumas categorias analíticas dos mecanismos contributivos e inibidores de inovações sociais: engajamento, conscientização, aprendizagem, gestão da atenção, transações e relacionamento entre a parte e o todo, liderança, pessoas e contexto institucional. Para compor o processo de triangulação recomendado nas pesquisas qualitativas, de natureza exploratória foram utilizados dois roteiros distintos de entrevistas semiabertos, sendo um aplicado aos técnicos e outro aos agricultores (as). Em se tratando de uma pesquisa qualitativa, para análise dos dados utilizou-se da análise do conteúdo. Ao final do trabalho indicamos os motivos pelo qual as mulheres passaram a ter mais poder que os homens sobre o manejo da água, devido à mobilização dessas mulheres nos processos de conscientização, engajamento e aprendizagem ao longo do P1MC.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de intervenções nutricionais no valor da pegada hídrica do produto leite bovino. O cálculo da pegada hídrica considerou as águas verde, azul e cinza, consumidas no sistema de produção e no beneficiamento do produto. Para determinação dos consumos de água no sistema de produção foram selecionados dois grupos experimentais, cada um contendo sete vacas em lactação. As dietas fornecidas a cada grupo continha os mesmos ingredientes. Porém, na composição do concentrado havia diferentes percentuais proteicos. O concentrado fornecido ao Grupo 1, continha 20% de proteína bruta, e o concentrado fornecido ao Grupo 2, tinha seu teor de proteico ajustado de acordo com a produção de leite do grupo, ao longo da lactação. O ajuste do teor de proteína da dieta as necessidades dos animais promoveu a redução dos consumos das águas verde, azul e cinza e da pegada hídrica do produto leite. A pegada hídrica do Grupo 1 com base no nitrato foi de 503,79 L kg-1 de FPCM (86,1% água verde, 13,4% água azul e 0,43% água cinza) e a do Grupo 2 foi de 452,59 L kg-1 de FPCM (85,3% água verde, 14,3% água azul e 0,45% água cinza). Com base no fósforo, a pegada total do Grupo 1 foi igual a 518,43 L kg-1 de FPCM (83,7% água verde, 13,1% água azul e 3,2% água cinza) e a do Grupo 2 foi de 465,16 L kg-1 de FPCM (83% água verde, 13,9 % água azul e 3,1% água cinza). Entre as três águas, a verde foi a que apresentou maior consumo, atestando a importância da eficiência hídrica na agricultura para os produtos de origem animal. A prática de irrigação das pastagens representou o maior consumo de água azul. O Grupo 2 apresentou melhor eficiência de uso de nutrientes, mas em ambos os grupos as entradas foram maiores que as saídas. O balanço do Grupo 1 foi de 962,7 kg de N, 95,2 kg de P e 545,1 kg de K e do Grupo 2, 869,4 kg de N, 57,8 kg de P, 601,9 kg de K. A captação de água de chuva por cisterna foi avaliada como uma tecnologia hídrica. Essa demonstrou ter impacto positivo na redução do volume de água captado de fonte natural, mas a análise financeira da tecnologia se mostrou inviável para a condição produtiva do estudo. A utilização de intervenções nutricionais que promovam o melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes pelos animais demonstrou ser uma prática que também contribui para melhoria da eficiência hídrica do sistema de produção e dos produtos de origem animal. Estudos que relacionam o cálculo da pegada hídrica com os aspectos produtivos da pecuária promoverão impactos positivos na conservação dos recursos hídricos e no desempenho dos sistemas de produção. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of nutritional interventions on the dairy milk water footprint. Water footprint calculation considered the green, blue and gray water consumed in the production system and in the dairy unit. To determine the water consumption in the production system was selected two experimental groups with seven lactating cows each. The diets provided to each group contained the same feeds. However, concentrate had different crude protein contents. The concentrate feed Group 1 contained 20% of crude protein, and the concentrate feed Group 2 had its protein content adjusted according to the milk production of the group. The adjustment of the protein content promoted a lower consumption of green, blue and gray water and the reduction of water footprint value. The water footprint based on nitrate in the Group 1 was 503.79 L kg-1 of FPCM (86.1% green water, 13.4% blue water, and 0.43% gray water) and in the Group 2 was 452.59 L kg-1 FPCM (85.3% green water, 14.3% blue water, and 0.45% gray water). Water footprint based on phosphorus was 518.43 L kg-1 of FPCM to Group 1 (83.7% green water, 13.1% blue water, and 3.2% gray water) and to Group 2 was 465.16 L kg-1 of FPCM (83% green water, 13.9% blue water, and 3.1% gray water). Green was the highest volume consumed. This shows the relation between agriculture water efficiency and the water footprint of animal products. Irrigation represented the highest consumption of blue water. The nutrient use efficiency was better to Group 2, but in both groups the inputs were higher than the outputs. The nutrient balance for Group 1 was 962.7 kg N, 95.2 kg P and 545.1 kg K and for Group 2, 869.4 kg N, 57.8 kg P, 601.9 kg of K. Rainwater harvesting in a cistern was evaluated as a water technology. It had a positive impact on reducing the withdraw from ground source, but the economic analysis of the cistern was unfeasible for the productive condition. The use of nutritional interventions for lactating cows promoted better nutrient utilization and has proved to be a management that contributes to the increase of water efficiency in the production system and to animal products. Studies that relate the water footprint with productive aspects of livestock will promote positive impacts on the water conservation and on the performance of production systems.

Tillverkning av papper och pappersmassa är en energikrävande process och industrin står för över 51 % av energiförbrukningen inom Sveriges industrisektor. Vid tillverkningen av kemisk pappersmassa används sulfatprocessen och då tillsätts lut i kokeriet som därefter kan återbildas i brukets lutcykel. I lutcykeln förvaras lut i cisterner och från dessa sker avdunstningsförluster. Syftet med examensarbetet var att lokalisera de största avdunstningsförlusterna i lutcykeln i kausticeringsprocessen på Södra Cells pappersmassabruk i Mönsterås. Dessutom gavs förslag på hur energiförlusterna kan minskas och hur den sparade energin kan nyttjas. Mätningar på avdunstningsförlusterna genomfördes för att kunna beräkna energiförlusterna. Dessutom togs cisterntemperaturer och lutflöden fram från Södras loggningssystem. De beräknade energiförlusterna var störst i kalkmjölkcisternen på 1,58 MW och vitlutscistern 1 på 0,97 MW. Den totala energiförlusten genom avdunstning från cisternerna i kausticeringsprocessen beräknades till 6,01 MW. Lösningar som undersökts för att minska energiförlusterna har varit att installera en ”breather valve”, nyttja ångorna i en Organic Rankine Cycle eller använda dem för att producera fjärrvärme. Det har även studerats vart den sparade energin kan användas i det undersökta massabruket.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia endoscópica é um campo em expansão e uma técnica amplamente aceita no tratamento de lesões intracranianas seguindo a tendência atual de procedimentos minimamente invasivos em neurocirurgia. No entanto, sua aplicação em cirurgias na região da cisterna ambiens ainda não foi estudada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar análises qualitativa e quantitativa de diferentes acessos cirúrgicos à cisterna ambiens utilizando a microscopia com e sem assistência da endoscopia. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos microscopia e assistência da endoscopia para conduzir uma análise objetiva de quatro acessos cirúrgicos comumente utilizados na cirurgia da cisterna ambiens: supracerebelar infratentorial (SC), occipital interhemisférico (OI), subtemporal (ST) e transcoróideo (TC). Adicionalmente, foi realizada ressecção do giro parahipocampal (STh) no contexto do acesso ST. Cada acesso cirúrgico (SC, OI, ST, TC) foi realizado em cadáveres. Após a dissecção anatômica microscópica, um endoscópio de 30 graus foi utilizado para explorar o campo cirúrgico. Finalmente, o giro parahipocampal foi ressecado através do acesso ST e a exposição cirúrgica foi avaliada. A análise quantitativa foi baseada na exposição linear de estruturas vasculares e na área de exposição da região da cisterna ambiens. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada diferença significativa (p < 0.05) entre microscopia e assistência por endoscopia na exposição linear da artéria cerebral posterior (PCA) e artéria coróidea posterior (PChA) medial através do acesso ST. A assistência da endoscopia também melhorou exposição das áreas medial, superior e total através do acesso ST. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo demonstrou que a assistência da endoscopia para cirurgia da região da cisterna ambiens é viável e melhorou a exposição através do acesso ST proporcionando exposição similar ao acesso STh / INTRODUCTION: In the current minimally invasive trend in neurosurgery; endoscopic surgery is growing field and widely accepted as a mean of treating intracranial lesions. However; its application in the ambient cistern surgery has not been studied thus far. The objectives of the present study are to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of different microsurgical and endoscopic-assisted approaches to the ambient cistern. METHODS: We used microscopy associated with endoscopy assistance to conduct an objective analysis of four surgical approaches commonly used in the surgery of the ambient cistern: infratentorial supracerebellar (SC); occipital interhemispheric (OI); subtemporal (ST) and transchoroideal (TC). Additionally; we performed a parahypocamppal gyrus resection (STh) in ST context. Each approach (SC; OI; ST; TC) was performed in cadaveric heads. After the microscopic anatomical dissection; the 30-degree endoscope was used to explore the exposure. At last; the parahyppocampal gyrus was resected through a ST approach and the exposure evaluated. The quantitative analysis was based on the linear exposure of vascular structures (linear exposure) and the area of exposure of the ambient cistern region (area of exposure) RESULTS: There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in linear exposure of the PCA and medial PChA between microsurgery and endoscopic assistance on the ST approach. It also improved the medial; superior and total exposure of the ambient cistern region when used on the ST approach. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that endoscope assistance improved exposure of the ambient cistern region when using the ST approach. Endoscopic assistance was feasible and provided similar surgical exposure compared with ST associated with parahippocampal gyrus resection

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-31T12:14:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dinando Antonio Soares Junior.pdf: 1239979 bytes, checksum: fb91a308a5cf63a159e9c2ff34029bcf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T12:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dinando Antonio Soares Junior.pdf: 1239979 bytes, checksum: fb91a308a5cf63a159e9c2ff34029bcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / The research brings a social dialogue between the concepts technology and local development from the process which involved the deployment of one million tanks program in the municipality of Tupanatinga – PE. This program began in 2003 and has promoted a pivot movement and sustainable coexistence with the semiarid ecosystem, through the strengthening of civil society, mobilization, involvement and empowerment of families, with a proposed procedural education. Our research problem to ask: Does the Program One Million Cisterns in the semi-arid region is being implemented from the assumptions of Social Technology and the local development perspective? The overall objective is to identify actions related to Social Technology and Local Development in the implementation of the Program One Million Cisterns in semiarid region of Pernambuco. In order to meet the problem was elaborated following the goal Specific: map institutions, social actors and activities in the implementation of P1MC in Tupanatinga municipality in Pernambuco, from especially the criteria in concepts of Social Technology and Local Development. The methodology used was the case study facing the municipality of Tupanatinga - PE, a qualitative approach. Our theoretical framework is based on the following authors: Buarque (1999), Baumgarten (2006), Tenorio (2007), Dias (2011) and Freitas (2012). In the results found, it is noticed that the P1MC made it possible, by means of participation, some social actors, extend knowing how to do, Despite the fact that part of the beneficiaries consider political slant and assistencialist, the actions of the Programme. / A pesquisa traz um dialogo entre os conceitos de tecnologia social e desenvolvimento local, a partir do processo que envolveu a implantação do programa um milhão de cisternas no município de Tupanatinga - PE. Este programa teve inicio em 2003 e vem desencadeando um movimento de articulação e de convivência sustentável com o ecossistema do semiárido, através do fortalecimento da sociedade civil, da mobilização, envolvimento e capacitação das famílias, com uma proposta de educação processual. O Nosso problema de pesquisa indaga: será que o Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas, na região do Semiárido, está sendo implantado a partir dos pressupostos da Tecnologia Social e na perspectiva do Desenvolvimento Local? O objetivo geral é identificar ações relacionadas à Tecnologia Social e ao Desenvolvimento Local na implantação do Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas, na região do Semiárido de Pernambuco. No sentido de atender ao problema foi elaborado o seguinte objetivo Especifico: mapear instituições, atores sociais e as atividades desenvolvidas na implantação do P1MC no município de Tupanatinga em Pernambuco, a partir especialmente, dos critérios estabelecidos nos conceitos de Tecnologia Social e de Desenvolvimento Local. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso voltado para o município de Tupanatinga – PE, numa abordagem de caráter qualitativo. Nosso referencial teórico está fundamentado nos seguintes autores: Buarque (1999), Baumgarten (2006), Tenório (2007), Dias (2011) e Freitas (2012). Nos resultados encontrados, percebe-se que o P1MC fomentou, por meio da participação de alguns atores sociais, ampliou o saber fazer, pese ao fato de uma parte dos beneficiários considerarem de cunho político e assistencialista, as ações do Programa.

Detta projekt handlar om hur man kan änvända Louddens cirkulära strukturer och inkorporera dem i en modern stadsdel för att ge kvallitéer och identitet åt denna. För att ha någon utgånspunkt och för att begränsa min uppgift något har jag valt att utgå från stadens skiss för detta område. Fokus har legat på hur denna stadsplan möter cisternerna och berget de står på samt hur denna “cisternstad” kopplar an till vattnet. Projektet kan därför delas upp i tre delar: stadens plan; cisternerna och fronten mot vattnet, där mitt fokus har legat på två av dessa: cisternerna och havsfronten. Kan man använda detta industriella hårda kluster av plåtcylindrar som idag används för hantering av petroliumprodukter för att skapa en miljövänlig, identitetsstark, fantastisk, modern stadsdel?

The risk of serious accident is increasing with the rise of the amount of chemical industry manufacturing. This accident can have immeasurable consequences. The aim of this thesis is to point out the consequences caused by leakage of dangerous substance of petrol from the biggest cistern in chemical company Synthos Kralupy a.s. and to suggest steps for emergency clearance. To fulfil the aim, examination of serious accident risks had to be carried out first. The method of Dow's Fire and Explosion Index was used for this examination which enabled evaluation of a real fire and explosion risk. Apart from these methods, another method called IAEA-TECDOC-727 was also used. Consequently, possible scenarios of dangerous substances leakage from storage cistern were created. These were simulated through software programmes ALOHA and TerEx. Acquired results were then well arranged in charts. During the research of this issue, a method of controlled interviews was used. These interviews with employees of firefighter emergency service were focused on emergency readiness of the chemical company Synthos Kralupy a.s. A cistern containing dangerous substance represents a crucial risk, even though the results showed that the accident of all petrol leakage from the cistern is very unlikely. However, this accident should not be neglected because a dangerous cloud reaching 565 m from the site of the accident would occurred. The dangerous cloud cause mortality of 70% within a distance of 2,000 m and a distance of 4,970 m to the 1 st degree burns. If all petrol leaked from the cistern, the consequences would be much bigger than just pollution. It would also include death toll, health problems and vast property damages.

Cette étude réalisée dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat a pour sujet : Les structures hydrauliques chez les Eduens à l’époque antique. Les sites de Bibracte et d’Augustodunum-Autun. Analyse complémentaire des sites éduens de Bourgogne. Elle se fonde à la fois sur des travaux de terrain (sous forme de prospections pédestres et de fouilles archéologiques) et sur des recherches documentaires. Les 813 structures hydrauliques recensées sont réparties sur 37 sites éduens comprenant les deux capitales de cité successives, Bibracte, puis Augustodunum-Autun, des agglomérations secondaires, des villages, des établissements ruraux, des sanctuaires et des stations thermales. Il s’agit d’abord de définir les caractéristiques physiques de ces aménagements hydrauliques destinés à l’adduction d’eau, au stockage et à l’évacuation des eaux usées. Cette recherche permet de distinguer les techniques de construction ou de fabrication et d’identifier les savoir-faire locaux et les influences gréco-romaines. Enfin, la confrontation des équipements hydrauliques entre les différents types de sites (densité, lieux d’implantation), permet d’évaluer le mode de gestion de l’eau à l’échelle d’une cité. C’est le cas notamment entre Bibracte et Augustodunum où des différences très nettes apparaissent. Un important volet de cette recherche est consacré à l’examen de l’aqueduc de Montjeu. Si cette étude révèle la diversité des solutions adoptées pour maîtriser cette eau d’une catégorie de site à l’autre, elle souligne également les traits communs avec divers sites de Narbonnaise et de l’empire romain. / This study, carried out in the context of a PhD thesis, has as its subject: Hydraulic structures of the Eduens in roman period. The sites of Bibracte and Augustodunum-Autun. Additional analysis of the eduen sites of Burgundy. It is based, at one and the same time, on ground works (in the form of exploration on foot and archaeological scavings) and documentary research. The 813 hydraulic structures listed are spread out over 37 éduen sites including the two successive capital cities Bibracte, later Augustodunum-Autun, secondary towns, villages, rural settlements, sanctuaries and baths. It consists firstly in defining the physical characteristics of the hydraulic facilities destined for the bringing of water, its storage, and the evacuation of waste water. This research enables us to distinguish the techniques of construction or manufacture and to identify local know-how and greco-roman influences. Finally, the comparison of hydraulic equipment between different types of sites, (density, location) enables us to evaluate the management of water on the scale of a city. This is notably the case between Bibracte and Augustodunum where very clear differences appear. An important section of this research has therefore been devoted to the examination of the aqueduct at Montjeu. If this research reveals the diversity of solutions adopted for water management from one category of site to another, it also underlines the features in common with other sites of Narbonnaise and the roman empire.

Throughout the last decades the linear urban development in Stockholm can be retraced to the idea of supply and demand, society’s view on the elimination of risk, while increasingly detaching from natural processes. This thesis offers a critical evaluation of the socio-economic situation of space production, while trying to argue for a new semantic recodification of urban organisational processes while reconnecting to a socio-biodiverse narrative. Through the research, the defining parameters and actors of space production and urban planning are examined on their participational, circular and inclusive potential. Motivated by the need to renegotiate the current narrative of architecture, the site of exploration is Bergs Hamn in Nacka, an industrial oil cistern park built in the 50s. The project aspires to find new ways of thinking and communicating architecture within and outside of the academic field through architectural and theoretical actions and interactions, writing and dreaming about space as a fluid and changeable matter.

One of our greatest threats to surface-water quality is polluted stormwater runoff. In this research, investigated is the use of a green roof irrigated with recycled stormwater runoff to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff and reduce the volume of stormwater runoff leaving developed areas. The green roof properties of interest are the filtration and biological processes as well as the roof's ability to hold water and increase evapotranspiration, reducing the volume of stormwater runoff from the source. Because of the above mentioned reasons the experiment consists of a water quality analysis and a water budget done on several experimental chambers modeled after the green roof on the student union building at the University of Central Florida. The green roof chambers are used to study different types of growing media, different irrigation rates, and the addition of plants and how stormwater runoff quality and quantity is affected. There are also control chambers built to model the conventional roof on the student union building. The purpose of the control is to determine the effectiveness of the different media's filtration/adsorption processes and ability to hold water, in addition to identifying the benefits of adding a green roof to both water quality and the water budget. This research showed that a specifically designed green roof stormwater treatment system with a cistern is an effective way to reduce both the volume of and mass of pollutants of stormwater runoff. The year long water budget showed that this system can reduce the volume of stormwater runoff by almost 90%. The green roof model developed within this work showed similar results for the same conditions. Design curves produced by the model have also been presented for several different geographic regions in Florida. The green roof stormwater treatment system presented within this work was effective at reducing the mass of pollutants. However, the concentration of several of the examined pollutants in the effluent of the cistern was higher or equivalent to that of a control roof. Nitrate and ammonia were two that had a lower concentration than the control roof. The use of a pollution control growing media was also examined. The results of this study show that the Black & GoldTM growing media is effective at removing both ortho-phosphorus and total phosphorus. Isotherm analysis was also preformed to quantify the adsorption potential. Despite the promise of the Black & GoldTM growing media to remove phosphorus the plants did not grow as well as in the expanded clay growing media. It is suggested that the pollution control media be used as a layer under the growing media in order to get the benefits of both media.