This work demonstrates the ability of contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP) for isolation of breast cancer cell stages. The ability to selectively concentrate breast tumor cells from a non-transformed or normal cell population is the key to successfully detecting tumors at an early stage of growth and treating transformed cells before they proliferate. Since all cell types have a unique molecular composition it is expected that their dielectrophoretic properties are also unique. DEP force is dependent on the frequency and magnitude of the applied field, as well as a particle's size and electric properties. Specifically, the Clausius-Mossotti factor in the DEP force equation determines a specific cell type's interaction with the electric field and the DEP force response. Cell properties affecting this parameter were investigated numerically and experimentally. MCF10A, MCF7, and MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells were used to represent early, intermediate, and late staged breast cancer respectively. Experiments were conducted at 0.02ml/hr with applied voltages of 20Vrms, 25Vrms, 30Vrms, 35Vrms, 40Vrms and 50Vrms (n=8). Frequency measurements were recorded for the initial onset of DEP force and when 90% trapping was obtained. The trapping frequency ranges for each cell were distinct from one another with the least amount of overlap between the MCF10A cells and MDA-MB231cells. The MCF7 cell line had, on average, the smallest trapping region at each applied voltage, and fell in between the normal and late staged cells' trapping frequency ranges. Voltages of 20Vrms to 30Vrms were found the most efficient for cell isolation. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Este trabalho trata da questão de aprendizagem presente frequentemente entre estudantes do ensino médio e de um curso de Licenciatura em física: a dificuldade em empregar corretamente concepções científicas em questões que se referem a fenômenos termodinâmicos, mesmo tendo já passado pelo ensino desse conteúdo na escola. A pesquisa considera a importância de estabelecer conexões entre áreas de conhecimento complementares e essenciais para promover um ensino consistente; o resgate das raízes filosóficas da termodinâmica, fazendo emergir as estruturas que permitem a elaboração de seu arcabouço teórico em diferentes períodos históricos constitui uma base da pesquisa. Esse resgate nas aulas de física proporcionaria as condições para a emergência das potencialidades criativas dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem e poderiam talvez possibilitar aos estudantes fazer uso dos conceitos científicos quando necessário. A análise das pesquisas de Kuhn sobre a conservação da energia e do conceito de obstáculo epistemológico de Bachelard reforçou nossa crença na importância de revolver o passado da ciência na busca das estruturas que sustentam a produção científica de uma época. Essas estruturas orientam a análise do corpus da pesquisa constituído pelas respostas escritas dos estudantes, para questões de termodinâmica e pelas ideias encontradas nos originais de Carnot e Clausius; o levantamento dos estruturantes, bem como as contribuições de outras pesquisas didáticas, resultam em subsídios relevantes para o planejamento de boas situações de ensino. Assim espera-se poder reverter as percepções prévias inadequadas dos estudantes em outras percepções mais amplas apoiadas nos princípios organizadores do conhecimento. / This work is concerned with a Physics learning problem that frequently appears both among secondary school students and also with scienc teaching students: the difficulty for adequately using Physics conceptions regarding to thermodynamics phenomena even after this content has been seen in their scholl activities. The research considers the importance of establishing connections between complementary knowledge areas that are essential for consistent teaching; a recall of the thermodynamical philosophical roots may favor the emergence of structures that have led to its theoretical framework in different historical periods and this has been taken as the basis for this research. This recall in Physics classes favors conditions for the emergence of a creative potential involved in the teaching/learning process and could perhaps enable students do use scientific concepts when necessary. The analysis of Kuhn\'s research on energy conservation and on Bachelard epistemological obstacle concept strengthened our belief on the importance of looking into the past of science in search of structures that sustain the scientific production of na epoch. These structures pointed towards an analysis of the research corpus a constituted by students answers and to thermodynamics questions found in Carnot\'s and Clausius\'s originals; the identification of such structures as well as work by other didactic research authors as relevant contributions for planning favorable teaching situations. Therefore it is expected that students inadequate previous conceptions may be reverted into broader perceptions based on knowledge organizing principles.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude mathématique des effets de désordre dans divers systèmes physiques. On commence par trois problèmes d'homogénéisation stochastique en lien avec des questions statiques de physique classique. Premièrement, en vue de la déduction rigoureuse de l'élasticité non linéaire à partir de la physique statistique de réseaux de chaînes de polymères, on établit l'existence de propriétés effectives pour des matériaux hyperélastiques hétérogènes aléatoires sous des hypothèses générales de croissance. Deuxièmement, dans un cadre linéarisé simplifié, on étudie les formules de Clausius-Mossotti pour les propriétés effectives d'alliages binaires dilués: on donne la première preuve générale et rigoureuse de ces formules, ainsi qu'une extension aux ordres supérieurs. Troisièmement, encore pour des systèmes linéarisés, on propose d'étudier les déviations par rapport aux propriétés effectives et on établit la première théorie générale des fluctuations en homogénéisation stochastique. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, on se focalise sur la compétition entre désordre et interactions, et on étudie plus particulièrement la dynamique des vortex de Ginzburg-Landau dans des supraconducteurs 2D de type II en présence d'impuretés. Bien que la compréhension mathématique des propriétés vitreuses complexes de ces systèmes semble hors de portée, on établit rigoureusement la limite de champ moyen pour la dynamique d'un grand nombre de vortex, et on étudie l'homogénéisation de ces équations limites et leurs propriétés. / This thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of effects of disorder in various physical systems. We start with three stochastic homogenization problems in connection with static classical physics questions. First, motivated by the rigorous derivation of nonlinear elasticity from the statistical physics of polymer-chain networks, we establish the existence of effective properties for randomly heterogeneous hyperelastic materials under general growth assumptions. Second, in the simplest linearized setting, we investigate the so-called Clausius-Mossotti formulas for the effective properties of dilute two-phase dispersed media: we provide the first general and rigorous proof of these formulas, as well as an extension to higher orders. Third, again for linearized models, we propose to study deviations with respect to effective properties and we establish the first general theory of fluctuations in stochastic homogenization. In the second part of this thesis, the focus is on the interplay between disorder and interactions, and more precisely we study the dynamics of Ginzburg-Landau vortices in 2D type-II superconductors in the presence of several impurities. Although a complete mathematical understanding of the complex glassy properties of such systems seems out of reach, we rigorously establish the mean-field dynamics of a large number of vortices, and we investigate the homogenization of the fluid-like mean-field equations and their stick-slip properties.

Este trabalho trata da questão de aprendizagem presente frequentemente entre estudantes do ensino médio e de um curso de Licenciatura em física: a dificuldade em empregar corretamente concepções científicas em questões que se referem a fenômenos termodinâmicos, mesmo tendo já passado pelo ensino desse conteúdo na escola. A pesquisa considera a importância de estabelecer conexões entre áreas de conhecimento complementares e essenciais para promover um ensino consistente; o resgate das raízes filosóficas da termodinâmica, fazendo emergir as estruturas que permitem a elaboração de seu arcabouço teórico em diferentes períodos históricos constitui uma base da pesquisa. Esse resgate nas aulas de física proporcionaria as condições para a emergência das potencialidades criativas dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem e poderiam talvez possibilitar aos estudantes fazer uso dos conceitos científicos quando necessário. A análise das pesquisas de Kuhn sobre a conservação da energia e do conceito de obstáculo epistemológico de Bachelard reforçou nossa crença na importância de revolver o passado da ciência na busca das estruturas que sustentam a produção científica de uma época. Essas estruturas orientam a análise do corpus da pesquisa constituído pelas respostas escritas dos estudantes, para questões de termodinâmica e pelas ideias encontradas nos originais de Carnot e Clausius; o levantamento dos estruturantes, bem como as contribuições de outras pesquisas didáticas, resultam em subsídios relevantes para o planejamento de boas situações de ensino. Assim espera-se poder reverter as percepções prévias inadequadas dos estudantes em outras percepções mais amplas apoiadas nos princípios organizadores do conhecimento. / This work is concerned with a Physics learning problem that frequently appears both among secondary school students and also with scienc teaching students: the difficulty for adequately using Physics conceptions regarding to thermodynamics phenomena even after this content has been seen in their scholl activities. The research considers the importance of establishing connections between complementary knowledge areas that are essential for consistent teaching; a recall of the thermodynamical philosophical roots may favor the emergence of structures that have led to its theoretical framework in different historical periods and this has been taken as the basis for this research. This recall in Physics classes favors conditions for the emergence of a creative potential involved in the teaching/learning process and could perhaps enable students do use scientific concepts when necessary. The analysis of Kuhn\'s research on energy conservation and on Bachelard epistemological obstacle concept strengthened our belief on the importance of looking into the past of science in search of structures that sustain the scientific production of na epoch. These structures pointed towards an analysis of the research corpus a constituted by students answers and to thermodynamics questions found in Carnot\'s and Clausius\'s originals; the identification of such structures as well as work by other didactic research authors as relevant contributions for planning favorable teaching situations. Therefore it is expected that students inadequate previous conceptions may be reverted into broader perceptions based on knowledge organizing principles.

Orientador: Alex Antonelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brito_BraulioGabrielAlencar_D.pdf: 3210920 bytes, checksum: 1140e372f96bf86f5f06d96119eeb8e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentaremos a extensão dos métodos adiabatic switching (AS), reversible scaling (RS) e integração dinâmica de Clausius-Clapeyron (d-CCI) para o formalismo de integral de tragetória. Desenvolvemos programas de Monte Carlo de integrais de trajetória (PIMC) para implementar esses métodos a fim de incluir efeitos quânticos nos cálculos das energias livres e na determinação das curvas de coexistência de fase de sistemas a baixa temperatura. Aplicamos as aproximações primitivas e Li-broughton para a ação para escrever as matrizes densidade de alta temperatura dos sistemas estudados. Calculamos a curva de fusão do neônio utilizando o método de integração dinâmica de Clausius-Clapeyron quantico (q-dCCI) e comparamos nossos resultados com resultados encontrados na literatura. Determinamos a curva de coexistência diamante-grafite utilizando o potencial AIREBO e os métodos AS, RS e q-dCCI. Estudamos os efeitos da pressão sobre algumas propriedades termodinâmicas do grafite e do grafeno e a diversas temperaturas aplicando método PIMC juntamente dos métodos AS e RS / Abstract: In this work we present the extension of the methods adiabatic switching (AS), reversible scaling (RS), dynamical Clausius-Clapeyron integration (d-CCI) within the path integral formalism. We developed Path Integral Monte Carlo computer codes to implement these methods in order to include quantum effects in the calculation of free energies and in the determination of the phase coexistence curves of systems at low temperature. We applied the primitive and Li-Broughton approximations to the action to write the high temperature density matrices of the systems we studied. We calculated the melting curve of the neon using the quantum dynamical Clausius-Clapeyron (q-dCCI) and compare our results with results found at the literature. We determined the diamond-graphite coexistence curve using the AIREBO inter-atomic potential and the AS, RS e q-dCCI methods. We studied the pressure effects on some thermodynamic properties of the graphite and graphene at several temperatures using the method PIMC together with the AS and RS methods / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

The thermodynamic behaviors of multicomponent, elastic, crystalline solids under stress and electro-magnetic fields are developed, including the extension of Euler’s equation, Gibbs equation, Gibbs-Duhem equation, the conditions to be expected at equilibrium, and an extension of the Gibbs phase rule. The predictions of this new phase rule are compared with experimental observations. The stress deformation behaviors of the single martensitic crystal with and without magnetic fields were studied with the stress deformation equation derived by Slattery and Si (2005). One coherent interfacial condition between two martensitic variants was developed and used as one boundary condition of the problem. The dynamic magnetic actuation process of the single crystal actuator was analyzed. The extension velocity and the actuation time of the single crystal actuator are predicted. The relationship between the external stress and the extension velocity and the actuation time with the presence of a large external magnetic field was studied. The extended Gibbs-Duhem equation and Slattery-Lagoudas stress-deformation expression for crystalline solids was used. Interfacial constraints on the elastic portion of stress for crystalline-crystalline interfaces and crystalline-fluids or crystallineamorphous solids interfaces were derived and tested by the oxidation on the exterior of a circular cylinder, one-sided and two-sided oxidation of a plate. An experiment for measuring solid-solid interface surface energies was designed and the silicon-silicon dioxide surface energy was estimated. A new generalized Clausius-Clapeyron equation has been derived for elastic crystalline solids as well as fluids and amorphous solids. Special cases are pertinent to coherent interfaces as well as the latent heat of transformation.

This diploma thesis deals with an optimization of Rankine-Clausius steam cycle. The theoretical information about the Optimization and the Rankine-Clausius cycle are described at the beginning of the thesis. These theoretical findings are later used to create simulation models in MATLAB. Individual simulation models are variants of the ideal R-C cycle. Simulation models include the basic cycle model, the supercritical cycle and the cycle with reheat. For these models the optimal configurations are found and their t-s diagrams are plotted.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude mathématique des effets de désordre dans divers systèmes physiques. On commence par trois problèmes d’homogénéisation stochastique en lien avec des questions statiques de physique classique. Premièrement, en vue de la déduction rigoureuse de l’élasticité non-linéaire à partir de la physique statistique de réseaux de chaînes de polymères, on établit l’existence de propriétés effectives pour des matériaux hyperélastiques hétérogènes aléatoires sous des hypothèses générales de croissance. Deuxièmement, dans un cadre linéarisé simplifié, on étudie les formules de Clausius-Mossotti pour les propriétés effectives d’alliages binaires dilués: on donne la première preuve générale et rigoureuse de ces formules, ainsi qu’une extension aux ordres supérieurs. Troisièmement, encore pour des systèmes linéarisés, on propose d’étudier les déviations par rapport aux propriétés effectives et on établit la première théorie générale des fluctuations en homogénéisation stochastique. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, on se focalise sur la compétition entre désordre et interactions, et on étudie plus particulièrement la dynamique des vortex de Ginzburg-Landau dans des supraconducteurs 2D de type II en présence d’impuretés. Bien que la compréhension mathématique des propriétés vitreuses complexes de ces systèmes semble hors de portée, on établit rigoureusement la limite de champ moyen pour la dynamique d’un grand nombre de vortex, et on étudie l’homogénéisation de ces équations limites et leurs propriétés. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This diploma thesis performs a calculation of a steam turbine to drive a feed pump. The research part deals with the basic classification of steam turbines focusing on mechanical drive steam turbines. The second part of the thesis is a controlled extraction pressure optimization for achieving the maximum possible thermic efficiency of the cycle. The last part of the thesis shows a detailed thermodynamic calculation of the mechanical drive turbine along with the basic geometric parameters of the flow canal.