The quest for higher performances and durability of modern aero-engines requires the understanding of the complex aero-thermal flow experienced in a multi-row environment. In particular, the high and low pressure turbine components have a great impact into the engine overall performance, and improvements in the turbine efficiencies can only be achieved through detailed research on the three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics and heat transfer. The present thesis presents an experimental study of the aerothermodynamics in one and a half turbine stage, focusing on: the aero-thermal flow in the overtip region of a transonic highly loaded high pressure (HP) rotor, and the aerodynamics and heat transfer of an innovative low pressure (LP) stator with a multi-profile configuration placed downstream of the high pressure turbine, within an s-shaped duct. Advanced instrumentation and measurement techniques were used and developed to perform the experimental investigation in a short-duration turbine test rig where both high spatial and time accuracy is indispensable. The flow field at the rotor shroud was investigated with simultaneous measurements of heat transfer, static pressure and blade tip clearance by using fast response pressure, wall temperature and capacitance probes. Through repeat experiments at the same turbine operating point, the time-averaged and time-resolved adiabatic wall temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient were evaluated. In the frame of new engine architectures, a novel stator for an LP turbine is proposed with a multi-splitter layout that represents a new design solution towards compact, lighter and performing aero-engine turbomachinery. It contains small aero-vanes and large structural aerodynamic airfoils which are used to support the engine shaft and house service devices. The research focuses on the experimental investigation of the global performance, aerodynamics and thermodynamics of this novel HP-LP vane layout. The turbine was / Lavagnoli, S. (2012). On the Aerothermal Flow Field in a Transonic HP Turbine Stage with a Multi-Profile LP Stator Vane [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17799 / Palancia

La thèse entreprise a pour objectif d’essayer de définir un statut juridique de la procédure de dédouanement des envois postaux. La nature juridique des envois postaux justifie un traitement douanier autonome et distinct des formalités douanières applicables aux marchandises des échanges commerciaux internationaux. Les travaux réalisés devraient tout d’abord aider à répondre aux problématiques liées aux difficultés juridiques de la définition de cette procédure de dédouanement spécifique et leurs conséquences. L’étude portera particulièrement sur le règlement des différends entre les autorités douanières et les importateurs ou exportateurs d’envois postaux internationaux en cas de litige lié au dédouanement. Au préalable, il faut donc relever et clarifier les règles juridiques qui sont déjà applicables au dédouanement des envois postaux, tant au niveau national et européen, qu'au niveau international en ce domaine. Cependant, cela se révèle difficile, et il faut rester opiniâtre devant l'extrême diversité des sources et des textes, parsemés dans de nombreuses branches du droit. Il faut ensuite nécessairement tenter de redéfinir, clairement et simplement, la notion d’envoi postal et la notion de service postal universel justifiant l'application d'une procédure spécifique de dédouanement des envois postaux. La notion de service postal universel implique un dédouanement rapide des envois postaux. Les administrations douanières ont, elles, l’obligation d’assurer le contrôle de toutes les marchandises importées ou exportées de leurs territoires nationales. La mission principale des autorités douanières est de protéger l’attractivité économique des Etats. Les agents douaniers doivent, d’une part, prélever les droits de douane et taxes à l’importation, d’autre part, lutter contre les trafics illicites de marchandises prohibées ou soumises à restriction. La délicate combinaison de l’universalisme du service postal et des obligations douanières doit permettre la reconnaissance et l’établissement d’une procédure de dédouanement spécifique aux envois postaux impliquant une nouvelle détermination des envois relevant du service postal universel et la mise en place de règles de dédouanement obligatoires et communes à l’ensemble des services postaux internationaux. La mise en œuvre d’une coopération internationale renforcée entre les services postaux et les autorités douanières est, en ce sens, préalablement indispensable. L’étude doit permettre de rendre compréhensible, pour les entreprises et les particuliers nationaux et européens, le droit positif douanier applicable au dédouanement postal. On analysera notamment les infractions et les règles douanières sanctionnant les diverses fraudes que l’on retrouve le plus fréquemment en pratique. L’essai sur la définition d'un statut juridique de la procédure de dédouanement des envois postaux démontrera qu’il est impératif de renforcer les pouvoirs et les moyens de contrôle et de sanctions des autorités douanières pour ce type singulier de dédouanement. Les voies de recours non-contentieuses et contentieuses qui sont ouvertes aux redevables et requérants feront également l’objet d’un traitement particulier. Les droits des redevables ou requérants sont notamment garantis par le principe de contrôle de la légalité des décisions de l’Administration des douanes et de ses agents par le juge judiciaire. Le juge judiciaire et le droit européen limitent et encadrent les pouvoirs exorbitants des autorités douanières. / The thesis undertaken aims to try to define a legal status of the procedure of taking out of bond of the postal sendings. The legal nature of the postal sendings justifies a customs treatment autonomous and distinct from the customs formalities applicable to the goods of the international commercial exchanges. The completed works should first of all help to answer the problems related to the legal difficulties of the definition of this procedure of specific taking out of bond and their consequences. The study will relate particularly to settlement of disputes between the customs authorities and the importers or exporters of international postal sendings in the event of litigation related to the taking out of bond. As a preliminary, it is thus necessary to raise and clarify the legal rules which are already applicable to the taking out of bond of the postal sendings, so much at the national and European level, that with the international level in this field. However, that appears difficult, and there is necessary to remain obstinate in front of the extreme diversity of the sources and the texts, strewn in many branches with the right. It is then necessarily necessary to try to redefine, clearly and simply, the concept of postal sending and the notion of universal postal service justifying the application of a specific procedure of taking out of bond of the postal sendings. The concept of universal postal service implies a fast taking out of bond of the postal sendings. The customs administrations have, they, the obligation to ensure the control of all the imported or exported goods their territories main roads. The main mission of the customs authorities is to protect the economic attractivity from the States. The customs agents must, on the one hand, take the customs duties and import taxes, on the other hand, to fight against the illicit traffics of goods prohibited or subjected to restriction. The delicate combination of the universalism of the postal service and the customs obligations must allow the recognition and the establishment of a procedure of taking out of bond specific to the postal sendings implying a new determination of the sendings concerned with the universal postal service and the installation of rules of taking out of bond obligatory and communes the whole of the international postal services. The implementation of an international cooperation reinforced between the postal services and the customs authorities is, in this direction, beforehand essential. The study must make it possible to make comprehensible, for the companies and the individuals national and European, the customs substantive law applicable to the postal taking out of bond. One will analyze in particular the customs infringements and rules sanctioning the various frauds which one finds most frequently in practice. The test on the definition of a legal status of the procedure of taking out of bond of the postal sendings will show that it is imperative to reinforce the powers and the means of control and sanctions of the customs authorities for this singular type of taking out of bond. The not-contentious and contentious appeals which are opened up for the debtors and applicants will also be the object of a particular treatment. The rights of the debtors or applicants are in particular ensured by the principle of control of the legality of the decisions of the Customs and Excise and of its agents by the legal judge. The legal judge and the European right limit and frame the exorbitant powers of the customs authorities.

La presente propuesta de tesis está orientada y enfocada en el proceso de despachos de un operador logístico cuyo problema central está en el retraso de despacho y entrega de la carga al importador y que son originadas por causas de inadecuada programación de los turnos de despacho, demoras en la asignación del transportista, procesos manuales de revisión documentaria, entre otros, y que repercuten en la eficiencia del despacho y la satisfacción del cliente. En consecuencia, la propuesta de solución está basado en un diseño de una solución tecnológica enfocado en la programación anticipada de despachos de carga para la maximización de tiempos de atención de un operador logístico y presenta un proyecto de implementación para el desarrollo de una solución web y acceso de canales digitales y lograr la mejora continua de la operación del operador logístico. Para lograr el éxito del proyecto, este se ejecutará siguiendo buenas prácticas en la gestión de proyectos basado en la guía de referencia PMBOK, que nos ayuda a limitar el ámbito en su triple restricción de alcance, costo y tiempo; y para el diseño de la arquitectura empresarial se emplea el marco de trabajo Zachman que se enfocará en mejorar los procesos utilizando notación BPMN. Finalmente, la identificación de los componentes tecnológicos de la arquitectura del software empleará conceptos de ingeniería como estilos, tácticas, decisiones y conceptos de diseño que permitirán construir una arquitectura más adecuada y robusta en la propuesta de la solución. / This thesis proposal is oriented and focused on the dispatch process of a logistic operator whose central problem is in the delay of dispatch and shipments burden to the importer, whose causes have been emerged by the inadequate dispatch shifts schedule, delays in the assignment of the carrier and a manual process of non-automated documentary review that affects the efficiency of the dispatch and customer satisfaction. Consequently, the solution proposal is based on a business architecture design focused on the advance scheduling of shipments burden to maximize the customer support's time of a logistics operator and presents an implementation project for the development of a web and access solution. of digital channels and achieve continuous improvement of the logistics operator's operation. To achieve the success of this project, it will be executed following good practices in project management based on the guide reference PMBOK, which helps to limit the scope in its triple restriction of scope, cost and time; furthermore, the design of the enterprise architecture the Zachman framework is developed, which will focus on improving processes using the BPMN notation. Finally, the identification of the technological components of the software architecture will develop engineering concepts such as styles, tactics, decisions and design concepts that will allow building a more adequate and sturdy architecture in the solution proposal. / Tesis

No description available.

Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem zařízení pro měření parametrů podvozku závodního vozidla (sbíhavost/rozbíhavost, příklon/odklon, světlá výška vozu, rozložení hmotnosti), které následně slouží pro jeho seřízení. Úvodní teoretická část uvádí přehled nejdůležitějších parametrů podvozku, které mají podstatný vliv na chování a ovladatelnost vozu a které jsou tak nejčastěji předmětem zájmu. Následující kapitola shrnuje metody a zařízení, které se dnes pro měření parametrů podvozku využívají a uvádí jejich výhody a nevýhody. Předposlední kapitola teoretické části je věnována obecným doporučením pro měření parametrů podvozku vozidla a jeho seřizování. Poslední kapitola teoretické části uvádí požadavky na zařízení, jehož návrh je předmětem této práce. Úvod praktické části práce je věnován popisu konstrukce dvou navržených variant pro měření parametrů podvozku vozidla. Následující kapitola pak popisuje přípravu a průběh měření s využitím navržených souborů zařízení. Další kapitola je věnována výběru snímačů a zařízení pro měření. Závěr této kapitoly pak shrnuje přibližné celkové náklady na výrobu obou navržených variant. Poslední kapitolou je napěťová a deformační analýza navržené podpěry automobilu, která podepírá automobil namísto jeho kol. Závěr diplomové práce shrnuje dosažené cíle a zároveň uvádí návrhy a doporučení dalšího vývoje navržených zařízení.

Elektrische Baugruppen enthalten Netze unterschiedlicher Spannung, zwischen denen sich Kurzschlüsse entweder durch Funkenüberschlag durch die Luft (Luftstrecke) oder über die Oberflächen von Isolatoren (Kriechstrecke) bilden können. AutoCrear bietet eine robuste und effiziente softwarebasierte Analyse aller Luft- und Kriechstrecken auf CAD Daten elektrischer Baugruppen. Entwickler von elektrischen Baugruppen steht damit erstmals ein robustes Werkzeug zur Verfügung, um sämtliche Normverletzung bereits in der Designphase zu erkennen und gezielt zu beseitigen, sowie eine umfassende und einheitliche Dokumentation hinsichtlich Luft- und Kriechstrecken zu erstellen und damit den Produktionsprozess massiv zu optimieren. AutoCrear ist eine Standalone-Lösung, die den kompletten Workflow einer Luft- und Kriechstreckenanalyse in einem einzigen Programm vereint.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The frequency and magnitude of floods in the midcontinental United States have increased in recent decades due to changing precipitation patterns as global temperatures rise. These trends pose major social and economic risks to the region, which is home to tens of millions of Americans and a global agricultural center. It is therefore critical to understand if current fluvial dynamics are within the scope of past fluvial-climate relationships, or if they represent a novel response to recent climate and land-use changes. Presented is a 1600-year-long flood frequency record for the moderately sized (~29,400 km2 watershed) White River, Indiana. Flood frequencies were determined using 14C-based sediment accumulation rates at Half Moon Pond, an oxbow lake on the lower White River’s floodplain. Comparison with regional paleoclimate data shows that White River flooding was frequent when atmospheric circulation resembled the negative mode of the Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection, particularly during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE) and the Current Warm Period (last ~150 years). During these times, the regional climate was dominated by warm-season precipitation originating from the Gulf of Mexico. Conversely, White River flooding was less frequent during the Little Ice Age (1250-1800 CE) when cold-season precipitation from the North Pacific/Arctic dominated (+PNA-like conditions). The pre-1790 CE White River flood history was antiphased with reconstructed Ohio River flood frequencies from southern Illinois. This dynamic is consistent with discharge in small to moderate sized watersheds being sensitive to rainstorm runoff and large watersheds being sensitive to snowmelt runoff. After 1790 CE, flooding frequencies of both river systems increased to their highest levels, despite a shift to -PNA-like conditions. This change was likely due to extensive Euro-American land-clearance, which increased runoff/erosion by reducing evapotranspiration, interception, and infiltration. While the White River responded strongly to climatic conditions in the past that were similar to present conditions (-PNA-like conditions), recent land-use practices have amplified the effects of the current hydroclimate. Since a warming climate is expected to increase regional average precipitation and extreme rainfall events, and that landscape modifications have lowered surface resilience to hydroclimate events, flooding will likely become more frequent in the coming decades.

La transformación digital en el ámbito aduanero ha modernizado los procesos en el comercio internacional. En el Perú, la modernización en la aduana inició hace veinte años. Sin embargo, su evolución no ha sido suficiente para alcanzar la competitividad frente a otros mercados. Al primer trimestre del 2020, los procedimientos aduaneros consistían en la presentación física de documentos que ocasionaba pérdidas de tiempo y sobrecostos en los usuarios. Sin embargo, en la etapa de la pandemia Covid-19 se habilitaron algunas plataformas virtuales de manera acelerada para evitar el contacto físico de personas y dar continuidad a las operaciones de comercio exterior. Pese a que han agilizado algunas implementaciones digitales, el Perú aún tiene una brecha digital con respecto a otros países. En ese contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es comprender los resultados de la transformación digital de la aduana peruana en el proceso de despacho aduanero de importación de las agencias de aduanas de Lima y Callao durante el periodo julio 2018 a julio 2020. La metodología aplicada para el presente estudio es una investigación cualitativa, de teoría fundamentada de corte transversal y alcance exploratorio, la técnica aplicada fue la de recolección de datos con entrevistas semi estructuradas a los diferentes actores involucrados en el comercio exterior peruano. Como resultado, la transformación digital de la aduana ha tenido un impacto positivo en materia de simplificación, agilización, reducción de uso de papel, ahorro de tiempo y costo. / Digital transformation in the customs field has modernized processes in international trade. In Peru, modernization in customs began twenty years ago. However, its evolution has not been sufficient to achieve competitiveness compared to other markets. In the first quarter of 2020, customs procedures consisted of the physical presentation of documents, which caused time losses and cost overruns for users. However, in the stage of the Covid-19 pandemic, some virtual platforms were enabled in an accelerated manner, to avoid physical contact of people and give continuity to foreign trade operations. Although they have sped up some digital implementations, Peru still has a digital divide with respect to other countries. In this context, the objective of this research is to understand the results of the digital transformation of Peruvian customs in the import customs clearance process of the Lima and Callao customs agencies during the period July 2018 to July 2020. The applied methodology for the present study, it is a qualitative investigation, with a grounded theory of cross-section and exploratory scope, the applied technique was that of data collection with semi-structured interviews with the different actors involved in Peruvian foreign trade. As a result, the digital transformation of customs has had a positive impact in terms of simplification, streamlining, reduction of paper use, saving time and cost. / Tesis

Influenzavirus (IV)-Infektionen der unteren Atemwege induzieren virale Pneumonien, die häufig in akutem Lungenversagen resultieren. Merkmale einer IV-induzierten Pneumonie sind Schädigungen des Alveolarepithels und eine Ansammlung von Ödemflüssigkeit im Alveolarraum, wodurch der Gasaustausch beeinträchtigt wird. In Abhängigkeit eines Natriumgradienten, aufgebaut durch die basolaterale Na,K-ATPase (NKA) und den apikalen epithelialen Natriumkanal (ENaC), wird unter normalen Bedingungen die Ödemflüssigkeit aus dem Alveolarraum entfernt. In Folge einer IV-Infektion werden verschiedene Membranionenkanäle dysreguliert und eine verringerte alveoläre Flüssigkeitsresorption (AFC) beobachtet. Eine IV-Infektion führt u.a. zu einer reduzierten NKA-Expression in nicht-infizierten Nachbarzellen, sowie zu einer Dislokation der NKA zur apikalen Zellmembran in infizierten Zellen. Co-Immunopräzipitationsstudien identifizierten das virale M2-Protein als NKA-Bindepartner. Mittels Mutationsanalyse konnten drei Aminosäuren im zytoplasmatischen Teil von M2 als kritisch für die NKA-Bindung identifiziert werden. Rekombinante IV mit gestörter NKA Bindung zeigten im Vergleich zu IV WT in polarisierten Calu 3 Zellen in vitro sowie in Mäusen in vivo eine verbesserte AFC. Eine mutationsbedingte Glykosylierung des M2-Proteins führte jedoch unerwartet zu einer verstärkten Immunantwort in vivo, die trotz verbesserter AFC zu einem schwereren Krankheitsverlauf führte. Grund dafür könnte eine Aktivierung der Unfolded Protein Response aufgrund der Glykosylierung sein. Die Erkenntnis, dass M2 ein wichtiger Modulator in der Regulation der alveolären Flüssigkeitshomöostase ist, könnte dennoch helfen, neue therapeutische Ansätze für IV-induzierte Pneumonien zu definieren. Darüber hinaus unterstreicht es die Relevanz einer in der vorliegenden Arbeit durchgeführten Surfactome-Analyse zur Identifizierung neuer potentieller Angriffspunkte an der Zelloberfläche IV-infizierter Zellen, die in der antiviralen Therapie von Bedeutung sein könnten. / Influenza Virus (IV) infections of the lower respiratory tract can induce viral pneumonia resulting in acute lung injury (ALI/ARDS) with fatal outcome. Characteristics of an IV-induced pneumonia are alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) damage and accumulation of protein-rich edema fluid in the alveolar compartment impairing gas exchange. Depending on a sodium gradient established by the basolateral Na,K-ATPase (NKA) and the apical epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) edema fluid is removed from the alveolar space under normal conditions. However, after IV-infection various ion channels are dysregulated and reduced alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is observed. An IV-infection leads to a reduced NKA expression in the non-infected neighbouring cells and to a mistargeting of the NKA to the apical cell membrane in IV-infected cells. Co immunoprecipitation (co-IP) studies identified the viral M2 protein as NKA binding partner and mutational analysis presented three amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of M2 directly abutting the transmembrane domain as critical for NKA binding. A recombinant IV mutant with disrupted NKA binding showed in comparison to IV WT an increased fluid transport in polarized Calu 3 cells in vitro as well as in mice in vivo. However, mutation-induced glycosylation of the M2 protein unexpectedly led to an enhanced immune response in vivo, resulting in a more severe disease course despite improved AFC. The reason for this could be an activation of the unfolded protein response by the glycosylation of M2. Nevertheless, the finding that M2 appears to be an important modulator in the regulation of alveolar fluid homeostasis might provide new potential approaches for therapeutics of an IV induced pneumonia. Moreover, it highlights the relevance of a surfactome analysis performed in the present work to identify novel potential targets on the cell surface of IV-infected cells which could play an important role in antiviral therapy.

La population générale est exposée à un grand nombre de pesticides, principalement via son alimentation. Alors que ces matières actives ont reçu une autorisation de mise sur le marché individuelle, l’effet sur l’organisme humain d’un mélange de tels composés est en revanche très peu connu. Afin de contribuer à mieux appréhender cet « effet mélange », notre étude s’est attachée à étudier le métabolisme hépatique humain in vitro de deux mélanges de pesticides communément retrouvés dans l’alimentation française / General population is exposed to several pesticides, mainly via the diet. Whereas these active ingredients obtained their marketing authorization individually, the available data regarding their impact as a mixture on the human body are scarce. In order to help better understanding this “mixture effect”, we aimed at studying the human hepatic in vitro metabolism of two pesticides mixtures commonly found in the diet