A Tomografia de Impedância Elétrica (TIE) é um método de imagem que permite estudarmos alterações regionais de ventilação pulmonar com alta resolução temporal. Estudamos a influência da posição corporal e do esforço expiratório no esvaziamento regional pulmonar comparando dados de espirometria com os da TIE adquiridos simultaneamente. MÉTODOS: Oito voluntários monitorados continuamente com TIE, realizaram manobras de capacidade vital lenta (CVL) com washout de nitrogênio (WN2) e capacidade vital forçada (CVF) nas posições sentado, decúbito lateral direito (DLD) e esquerdo (DLE). Em todas as posições, comparamos a variação global de impedância (Z) com os volumes da espirometria. Analisamos também as variações regionais de volume do pulmão direito e esquerdo, em cada posição, e a cada 10% da expiração total através da TIE; estes dados foram comparados com análise do WN2. RESULTADOS: Na espirometria e na TIE, houve uma redução no volume total expirado na CVF e na CVL dos decúbitos laterais quando comparados à posição sentada (P = 0,001). Na análise da CVL através da TIE, observamos um fluxo maior no pulmão dependente (de 2 a 10 vezes maior), em ambos os decúbitos laterais, com inversão deste padrão aproximadamente na metade da capacidade vital. Já na CVF o Z foi semelhante entre os pulmões ao longo da expiração, independente do decúbito, semelhante à situação isogravitacional (i.e., sentado) (p<0,001). O traçado de WN2 mostrou uma inclinação precoce (fase IIIb) ocorrendo apenas nos decúbitos laterais, além da fase IV ao final. A ascensão lenta da fase IIIb esteve sempre associada a uma significativa mudança no padrão de esvaziamento observado à TIE, onde o esvaziamento preferencial do pulmão dependente dava lugar a um esvaziamento preferencial do pulmão não-dependente. CONCLUSÃO: Em indivíduos sadios e nas situações de baixo esforço expiratório (CVL), a gravidade exerce forte influência na distribuição e variação dos volumes pulmonares ao longo da expiração, sugerindo um significante gradiente vertical de pressões pleurais. O esforço expiratório máximo atenua esta influência da gravidade, sugerindo que outros fatores passam a determinar o fluxo expiratório. / Electrical Impedance Tomography, (EIT) is an imaging method that allows studying changes in regional pulmonary ventilation with high temporal resolution. We studied the influence of body position and expiratory effort on regional lung emptying comparing data from spirometry with the EIT acquired simultaneously. METHOD: Eight volunteers monitored continuously with EIT, performed slow vital capacity (SVC) with single-breath nitrogen washout (SBNW) and forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuvers in sitting position, right (RLD) and left lateral decubitus (LLD). In all three positions we compared the impedance change (Z) with spirometry absolute volumes and analyzed the regional volume variation of right and left lungs in each position and every 10% step of total expiration with EIT; this data was compared with SBNW analysis. RESULTS: In spirometry and EIT, there was a reduction in the total volume expired in FVC and SVC in lateral recumbency when compared to the sitting position (P = 0,001). In the analysis of the SVC with EIT we noticed a greater flow in the dependent lungs (from 2 to 10 times higher) on both lateral decubitus, with reversal of this pattern in approximately half of the expired vital capacity. On FVC the Z was similar between the lungs during the entire expiration, regardless of decubitus, and similar to the situation isogravitacional (ie, sitting) (p<0,001). The SBNW curves showed an early inclination (phase IIIb) occurring only in the lateral decubitus, besides the final rise of phase IV. The slow rise of phase IIIb was always associated with a significant change in the emptying pattern observed with the EIT, when the preferential emptying of the dependent lung gave place to preferential emptying in the non-dependent lung. CONCLUSION: In healthy subjects and in situations of low effort (SVC), gravity exerts strong influence on the distribution and variation of lung volume during the expiration, suggesting a significant vertical gradient of pleural pressure. The maximum expiratory effort mitigates this gravitational influence, suggesting that other factors may determine the expiratory flow

The aim of the thesis is to compare accounting programs from the point of view of the use of information that are important for management companies. The theoretical part deals with the general approach to processing business information in the accounting. Next there is explained an overview of what information in the field of accounting are important and necessary for the job of financial manager. The practical part contains an analysis of at least three accounting programs, with the main focus on what information from the selected accounting program managers need in their work and what information is actually gaining from the program. In practical part, there are also compared results of individual organizations; information is gathered through in-depth interview with financial managers selected companies.

<p><a>It is essential for a mobile robot during autonomous navigation to be able to detect revisited places or loop closures while performing Vision Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (VSLAM). Loop closing has been identified as one of the critical data association problem when building maps. It is an efficient way to eliminate errors and improve the accuracy of the robot localization and mapping. In order to solve loop closing problem, the ORB-SLAM algorithm, a feature based simultaneous localization and mapping system that operates in real time is used. This system includes loop closing and relocalization and allows automatic initialization. </a></p> <p>In order to check the performance of the algorithm, the monocular and stereo and RGB-D cameras are used. The aim of this thesis is to show the accuracy of relocalization and loop closing process using ORB SLAM algorithm in a variety of environmental settings. The performance of relocalization and loop closing in different challenging indoor scenarios are demonstrated by conducting various experiments. Experimental results show the applicability of the approach in real time application like autonomous navigation.</p>

Taxol™, isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia in the late 1960s, and the semisynthetic analog Taxotere™ have proven clinical importance for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. Taxol™ exerts its biological effect by binding to polymerized tubulin and stabilizing the resulting microtubules. Studies aimed at understanding the biologically active conformation of taxol and its binding environment on β-tubulin are described. This knowledge is important because it could lead to the design of structurally less complicated drugs with better efficacy and better bioavailability. Moreover, the information can be extended to other natural products that possess microtubule-stabilizing properties similar to Taxol™. In this work, the synthesis of a triply labeled taxol analog is described as well as REDOR studies of this compound complexed to tubulin are in progress. Macrocyclic analogs of taxol have been prepared and their biological activities were evaluated. Chemical modeling of these analogs and their activities agrees with the hypothesis that Taxol™ adopts T-shaped conformation. Difficulties were encountered with the key ring-closing metathesis strategy, suggesting that a more flexible and efficient macrocyclization method will be needed to synthesize additional macrocyclic analogs. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Fastighetsmarknaden i Sverige har under en lång tid bestått av en uppåtstigande marknad med låg ränta, denna trend bröts under 2023 där räntorna började höjas och marknaden började vända. Vid en tid där priset på bostäder inte självklart stiger blir det intressant att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar priset på bostäder. Priset på en bostad är en komplex uppsättning av flera faktorer såsom skick, läge och marknad. Inom beteendeekonomin har det uppkommit fler idéer om vad som kan påverka priset på en bostad. Heuristik, eller mentala genvägar, har också en effekt vid värdering och köp av bostad. En typ av heuristik är förankringseffekten som denna studie hanterar. Studien undersöker om det finns en ankare i form av utgångspris som påverkar slutpriset och om styrräntan har en roll i hur stark förankringseffekten är. Analysen har gjorts genom en kvantitativ metod med en statistisk analys där tester genomförts för att se skillnaden i utgångspris och slutpris under år 2021 och år 2023 där skillnaden är styrräntan. Datan om utgångspris och slutpris har samlats in via hemsidan Hemnet och det geografiska området är Slottstaden i Malmö. Slutsatsen är att det finns en signifikant skillnad mellan tidsperioderna som kan förklaras av förankringseffekten där styrräntan påverkar dess inverkan. / The real estate market in Sweden has for a long time consisted of a rising market with low interest rates, this trend was broken in 2023 where interest rates began to rise and the market began to turn. At a time when the price of housing does not obviously rise, it becomes interesting to investigate which factors affect the price of housing. The price of a home is a complex set of several factors such as condition, location and market. Within behavioral economics, more ideas have emerged about what can affect the price of a home. Heuristics, or mental shortcuts, also have an effect when evaluating and buying a home. One type of heuristic is the anchoring effect that this study addresses. The study examines whether there is an anchor in the form of starting price that affects the final price and whether the policy rate has a role in how strong the anchoring effect is. The analysis has been done through a quantitative method with a statistical analysis where you test the difference in starting price and closing price in the year 2021 and the year 2023 where the difference is the policy rate. Data on starting price and closing price have been collected via the website Hemnet and the geographical area is the Slottsstaden in Malmö. The conclusion is that there is a significant difference between the time periods which can be explained by the anchoring effect where the policy rate affects its impact.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thesis advisor: Amir H. Hoveyda / Abstract Chapter 1: Development of Efficient and Kinetically E-Selective Cross-Metathesis to Generate Alkenyl Halides We have devised a broadly applicable strategy to achieve kinetically E-selective cross-metathesis to generate a valuable set of E-alkenyl chlorides and fluorides in high efficiency. The synthetic utility was demonstrated through several concise syntheses of E-alkenyl chloride and fluoride precursors to biologically active molecules. The design principles delineated in this study are expected to initiate a wider range of efficient and kinetically controlled E-selective olefin metathesis processes where there is a diminished preference for the E isomer such as macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis. Chapter 2: Development of Efficient and Kinetically E-Selective Macrocyclic Ring-Closing Metathesis We devised a strategy to achieve high E selectivity in ring-closing metathesis to afford E-macrocyclic alkenes of various ring sizes regardless of the associated thermodynamic preferences. The key findings revealed that E-alkenylB(pin), widely recognized for its broad use in catalytic cross-coupling chemistry, possesses the appropriate steric and electronic attributes to serve as a suitable cross-partner in ring-closing metathesis with Mo alkylidenes. Synthetic utility was demonstrated through ring-closing metathesis at a late stage of a multi-step route. The investigation described herein offers a practical solution to a compelling problem in olefin metathesis, further elevating the utility of this widely used transformation. Chapter 3: Stereoselective Synthesis of E- and Z-Trisubstituted Alkenes by Combining Stereoretentive Catalytic Cross-Metathesis and Catalytic Cross-Coupling We introduced a general solution to a longstanding and compelling problem in olefin metathesis: a broadly applicable strategy for the reliable and efficient synthesis of acyclic E- and Z-trisubstituted alkenyl halides. Complications resulted from the formation of an unstable methylidene species or less reactive disubstituted alkylidene complexes can be addressed by utilizing a stereo-defined E- or Z-trisubstituted alkene and a 1,2-disubstituted olefin as substrates. By merging two central catalytic transformations in organic synthesis, cross-coupling and CM, various E- or Z-trisubstituted alkenyl chloride and bromides were readily accessed by the same catalytic system without the need for directing groups. The synthetic utility of the present protocol was demonstrated through several concise and efficient synthesis of biologically active natural products/synthetic precursors. Notably, the E- or Z-trisubstituted alkenyl halides prepared by CM may be readily converted to other trisubstituted olefins with complete retention of stereochemical purity by means of a second cross-coupling reaction. Based on the new findings, we revisited previously unaddressed problems and establish that readily available isoprenoid alkenes can serve as a suitable surrogate for unhindered terminal alkenes in CM. Chapter 4: In situ Protection/Deprotection for Catalytic Olefin Metathesis in the Presence of Polar Protic Functional Groups We demonstrated that protic groups such as alcohols and carboxylic acids that are problematic with high-oxidation-state alkylidenes could be effectively masked in situ prior to CM reactions by an appropriate borane reagent. The commercial sample of alkenes that are usually contaminated with protic impurities could be ‘purified’ in situ by a sub-stoichiometric amount of pinacolborane. Deprotection of the in situ boron-based protecting group proceeded under mild conditions and could be performed in the same vessel. The one-pot protection/cross-metathesis/deprotection of alcohol and carboxylic acid-containing alkenes described herein is likely to have an impact on the diversity of organic molecules that can be prepared in a laboratory setting. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.

Apesar de bem estabelecido em termos morfológicos, a repercussão funcional do envolvimento das pequenas vias aéreas nas pneumopatias intersticiais fibrosantes (PIF) permanece controversa. O presente estudo avaliou de maneira invasiva e não-invasiva (espirometria, volume de fechamento, variação da complacência dinâmica com a freqüência respiratória) a função das pequenas vias aéreas em portadores de PIF, comparando com grupo controle e correlacionando com índices morfométricos de biópsias. Os testes funcionais não diferenciaram portadores da doença dos controles quanto ao acomentimento das pequenas via aéreas e não se correlacionaram com os dados morfométricos / Although well known involvement of small airway in fibrosing interstitial lung disease based on morfologic issues, its functional consequences remains controversial. We present an invasive and non-invasive physiologic study for small airway function (pulmonary function tests, closing volume and frequency dependence of dynamic compliance) in patients with lung fibrosis. The physiological data were compared with normal controls and correlated with morfometric measurements from biopsies. Specific small airway function data could not show obstructive pattern when compared with normals, and did not correlate with morofmetric data

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du programme PentoRaf, dans la thématique « Transformation par voie chimique d'agromolécules en produits bioactifs ». Le travail de ce projet porte sur la synthèse de nouveaux azépanes tétrahydroxylés comportant un bras anomérique fonctionnel et sur l'évaluation des propriétés inhibitrices sur des glycosidases. La séquence réactionnelle a la particularité de valoriser les co produits issus du son et de la paille de blé.Dans une première partie, l'accès à un synthon polyfonctionnel, développé à partir des travaux précédents, a été réalisé avec des groupements protecteurs pivaloylés et méthoxyméthylés sur les hydroxyles communs aux sucres de départ (D-xylose et L-arabinose).La deuxième partie de ce travail consiste d'abord à introduire les différents groupements électroattracteurs : CO2Et, CN, PO(OEt)2, (CO2Et)PO(OEt)2 via une réaction de Wittig-Horner-Emmons. Les problèmes rencontrés lors de l'addition de l'allylamine ont clôturé les travaux sur la préparation d'azépanes avec un substituant phosphonate. Seuls les azépanes insaturés, comportant les fonctions : ester et nitrile, sont isolés.Une stratégie visant à obtenir les différentes distributions des hydroxyles (cis et trans) sur l'insaturation des azépanes obtenus est établie, dans une troisième partie, sur les composés fonctionnalisés avec un ester. Une réaction de déprotection finale donne ainsi accès à une famille de diastéréoisomères d'azépanes comportant un bras anomérique avec une fonction acide carboxylique, dont un composé a montré une activité biologique intéressante. Cette stratégie a été reproduite sur les azépanes comportant un nitrile jusqu'aux tétrahydroxyazépanes cis protégés. / This thesis is part of the PentoRaf program, in the theme “Chemical Transformation of agromolecules into bioactive products”. The aim of this project is the synthesis of new tetrahydroxylated azepanes containing a functional anomeric arm and the evaluation of their inhibitive properties on glycosidases. The reactive sequence advantageously values the co-products obtained from wheat bran and wheat straw.In the first part, the access to a polyfunctional synthon, developed from previous research, is carried out by protecting the common hydroxyl groups of the starting sugars (D-xylose and L-arabinose) with pivaloyl and methoxymethyl groups.The second part of this work is to introduce the various electroattracting groups: CO2Et, CN, PO(OEt)2, (CO2Et)PO(OEt)2 via a Wittig-Horner-Emmons reaction. The problems encountered during the addition of the allylamine ended our approach to prepare azepanes with a phosphonate substituent. Only the unsaturated azepanes containing ester and nitrile functions are isolated.A strategy is developed in the third part in order to achieve a specific distribution (cis and trans) of the hydroxyl groups on the unsaturation of the resulting azepanes by functionalizing these compounds with an ester. A final deprotection reaction leads to a family of azepane diastereoisomers containing an anomeric arm with a carboxylic acid function, among which one compound showed an interesting biological activity. This strategy was applied to azepanes containing a nitrile and lead to cis-protected tetrahydroxyazepanes.