No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Neste trabalho é proposta a modelagem de uma ferramenta de auxílio à tomada de decisão com base na avaliação do nível de perigo de colisão entre duas aeronaves em operação de aproximação em pistas de aterrissagem paralelas (UCSPA - Ultra Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches). A ferramenta computacional utilizada na simulação e na obtenção dos dados numéricos está fundamentada no Método de Monte Carlo. / In this work is proposed an aid tool modeling for decision-making process based on collision hazard evaluation between two aircrafts on UCSPA (Ultra Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches) scenario. The computation tool used in the simulation to obtain the numerical data is based on Monte Carlo Method.

Neste trabalho é proposta a modelagem de uma ferramenta de auxílio à tomada de decisão com base na avaliação do nível de perigo de colisão entre duas aeronaves em operação de aproximação em pistas de aterrissagem paralelas (UCSPA - Ultra Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches). A ferramenta computacional utilizada na simulação e na obtenção dos dados numéricos está fundamentada no Método de Monte Carlo. / In this work is proposed an aid tool modeling for decision-making process based on collision hazard evaluation between two aircrafts on UCSPA (Ultra Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches) scenario. The computation tool used in the simulation to obtain the numerical data is based on Monte Carlo Method.

No description available.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4301.pdf: 755432 bytes, checksum: f6aa281f816e6ac134d38dd929db07c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / This doctoral thesis has been developed in order to identify the ethical aspects of research in education, considering the 196/96 National Health referred to the guidelines and standards regulated research involving humans. To make it possible to perform this task and establish the theoretical research we used the reflection on the concept of ethics and ethics in life science research. The methodological approach was based on bibliometrics that were used to analyze the scientific production of 73 theses and dissertations in the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), between January 2009 and December 2010. This historical period was chosen because of the concern in describe and discuss the ethical aspects of research produced in the first decade of this century, and questionnaires, with a former student and three teachers linked to the Program. The results of bibliometric analysis allowed to verify that participants were 2606 of these dissertations and theses and that 74% of the studies analyzed (21 theses and dissertations 33) were not submitted to the Ethics Committee. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that participants are aware of the demands of ethical commitment in conducting research, but in different degrees of depth, particularly with respect to the contents of Resolution CNS 196/96. Participants also agreed on the need for further clarification on the ethics of research to graduate students, and emphasized that the bureaucratic aspects surrounding the submission of research to the Research Ethics Committees, often away from the researchers. Finally, it was observed that the participants consider that studies performed in this field of knowledge does not pose risks to the participants surveyed, which points to the importance of building a culture of bioethics needed for academic and professional researchers in education, because all intervention research entails risk to the participant, and for small or rare they are, must be provided. / Esta tese de doutoramento foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de identificar os aspectos éticos das pesquisas em Educação, considerando a Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde que se refere às diretrizes e normas regulamentadas de pesquisas que envolvam seres humanos. Para tornar possível a realização desta tarefa e estabelecer o referencial teórico da pesquisa recorreu-se à reflexão sobre o conceito de ética e de ética em pesquisas de ciências humanas. A abordagem metodológica baseou-se na bibliometria que foram utilizadas para analisar a produção científica de 73 teses e dissertações defendidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), no período entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2010. Este recorte histórico foi escolhido dada a preocupação existente em descrever e problematizar os aspectos éticos de pesquisas produzidas na primeira década do século XXI, e na aplicação de questionários, com uma ex-aluna e três docentes vinculados ao Programa. Os resultados da análise bibliométrica permitiram verificar que foram 2606 os participantes dessas dissertações e teses e que 74% dos trabalhos analisados (21 teses e 33 dissertações) não foram submetidos ao Comitê de Ética. A análise dos questionários revelou que os participantes têm noção das exigências de comprometimento ético na realização de pesquisas, mas em diferentes graus de profundidade, em especial, com relação ao conteúdo da Resolução CNS 196/96. Os participantes também concordaram sobre a necessidade de maiores esclarecimentos sobre a ética na pesquisa aos pós-graduandos, e ressaltaram que os aspectos burocráticos que cercam a submissão das pesquisas aos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa, muitas vezes, afastam os pesquisadores. Por último, observou-se, que os participantes consideram que as pesquisas realizadas nesse campo de conhecimento não oferecem riscos aos participantes pesquisados, o que remete à relevância da construção de uma cultura bioética necessária para a formação acadêmica e profissional dos pesquisadores em Educação, pois toda intervenção de pesquisa acarreta risco ao participante, e por menores ou mais raros que sejam, devem ser previstos.

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (NHL). The standard treatment for DLBCL is R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisone). About one -third of patients have refractory disease or the lymphoma relapses. Prognosis after relapse of refractory disease is poor. Fitter and younger patients are recommended new intensive salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is the most feared complication with dismal prognosis in DLBCL. High dose methotrexate intravenously administered concurrently with R-CHOP treatment has shown to be most promising to prevent CNS relapses. Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare aggressive lymphoma limited to the CNS and eyes. PCNSL is a chemo-and radiosensitive disease, but long-term response is rare since the blood brain barrier (BBB) limits access of many drugs to the CNS. BBB disruption (BBBD) is a treatment modality where the BBB is opened by hypertonic mannitol infusion. Administration of chemotherapeutics will achieve over ten-fold concentrations in the CNS and eradicate microscopic disease involvement. This study retrospectively analyses patients who treated as first line with Bonn/Bonn-like treatment (study I), with BBBD treatment followed by high-dose treatment/autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) in first- or second-line (study II) or those treated with primary R-CHOP or its derivatives with or without concurrent CNS-targeted treatment (study III). HD-MTX-based multichemotherapy is an effective induction treatment in CNS lymphoma, but long-lasting responses are rare. BBBD-treatment is well-tolerated and a promising method to attain high drug concentrations in the CNS to eradicate microscopic disease involvement in first- and second-line. CNS-prophylaxis with HD-MTX prevents CNS events in high risk DLBCL. PCNSL is agressive disease despite excellent primary response with HD-MTX based multichemotherapy. BBBD-treatment is a promising method to eradicate microscopic disease in the CNS and achieve a long-term response and cure rate. Fatal CNS relapses can be avoided using CNS-targeted treatment. / Tiivistelmä Diffuusi suurisoluinen B-solulymfooma (DLBCL) on yleisin non-Hodgkin lymfooma (NHL), jonka standardihoitona toimii R-CHOP (rituksimabi, syklofosfamidi, vinkristiini, doksorubisiini, prednisoloni). Noin kolmasosalla potilaista tautii etenee hoidosta huolimatta tai uusii hoidon päätyttyä. Relapoituneen tai refraktaarin taudin ennuste on huono. Hyväkuntoisilla ja nuoremmilla potilailla pyritään etenemään uuteen induktiohoitoon ja korkea-annoshoitoon autologisen kantasolusiirteen turvin. Keskushermostouusiutuma on huonoennusteisin DLBCL:n komplikaatio. Suuriannosmetotreksaattihoito liitettynä R-CHOP-hoitoon estää keskushermostouusiutumia. Primaari aivolymfooma (PCNSL) on harvinainen keskushermoston ja silmien alueelle rajautuva lymfooma. PCNSL on herkkä sytostaatti-ja sädehoidolle, mutta pitkäkestoisia vasteita nähdään harvoin. Veriaivoeste estää useimpien tehokkaiden sytostaattien pääsyn keskushermostoon. Veriaivoesteen aukaisuhoidossa veriaivoeste avataan hypertonisella mannitoli-infuusiolla. Toimenpiteen jälkeisellä sytostaatti-infuusiolla saavutetaan kymmenkertaiset lääkeainepitoisuudet keskushermostossa ja voidaan hoitaa mikroskooppista veriaivoesteen takana sijaitsevaa tautia. Väitöskirjatyön tutkimukset ovat retrospektiivisiä. Ensimmäisessä osatyössä analysoitiin PCNSL potilaat, jotka saivat ensilinjassa Bonnin tai Bonnin kaltaista hoitoa. Toisessa osatyössä potilaat hoidettiin joko ensi- tai toisessa linjassa BBBD-hoidolla, päättyen konsolidaatiohoitona annettavaan korkea-annoshoitoon autologisen kantasolusiirteen turvin. Kolmannessa osatyössä analysoitiin suuren aivouusiutumariskin potilaita, joko yhdessä tai ilman keskushermostoon suunnattua hoitoa samanaikaisesti R-CHOP-hoidon kanssa. Suuriannosmetotreksaatti-pohjainen yhdistelmäsolunsalpaajahoito on tehokas induktiohoito aivolymfoomassa pitkäkestoisten vasteiden ollessa harvinaisia. BBBD-hoito on hyvin siedetty ja lupaava hoitomuoto, jolla keskushermostossa voidaan saavuttaa suuret lääkeainepitoisuudet, jotka riittävät hoitamaan mikroskooppisen taudin sekä ensi että toisessa linjassa. Keskushermostoprofylaksia suuriannosmetotreksaatilla estää keskushermosto-uusiutumia suuren riskin DLBCL-potilailla. PCNSL on agressiivinen tauti huolimatta erinomaisista metotreksaattipohjaisilla hoidoilla saavutetuista ensilinjan vasteista. BBBD-hoito on lupaava keino eradikoida mikroskooppinen tauti keskushermostosta ja saavuttaa pitkäaikaisia hoitovasteita, sekä pysyvä paraneminen aivolymfoomassa. Suuriannosmetotreksaattia sisältävällä sytostaattihoidolla voidaan estää fataaleja aivorelapseja DLBCL:ssä.