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The purpose of this Master’s thesis was to document parents’ and their children’s perspectives on parental involvement in sport during early-mid adolescence. Individual semi- structured interviews were conducted with eight parent-child dyads, composed of eight athletes (three males, five females) between 12 and 16 years of age (M= 14) and eight parents (six males, two females) between 36 and 53 years of age (M = 44). The dyads recruited were involved in four team sports: basketball (n=3), ice hockey (n=2), soccer (n=2), and Canadian football (n=1). Based on the data collected, two articles were written. In article one, Basic Needs Theory (BNT) was used as a theoretical framework (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000) to examine parents’ and their children’s perspectives on how parental involvement in sport influences basic psychological needs during early-mid adolescence. The findings revealed how parental behaviours were generally believed to satisfy athletes’ basic psychological needs within the sport context, although need frustration was also reported. Article two explored how parents’ interactions with coaches and teammates were perceived to influence the sport climate. The findings demonstrated the importance of having parents make efforts to establish friendly and supportive relationships with their children’s coaches and teammates to nurture a positive sport climate. Collectively, the findings from this Master’s thesis contribute to the literature by providing a theoretically-informed and nuanced portrait of parental involvement in youth sport.

Der Fernbus ist eines der attraktivsten Verkehrsmittel, das den Fernreisenden im deutschen Fernverkehrsangebot seit dem Jahr 2013 zur Verfügung steht. Das steigende Bedürfnis nach flexibler und intermodaler Mobilität kann der Fernbus vor allem bei jungen Menschen auf eine bequeme und kostengünstige Art befriedigen. Als Teil des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs und als Massenverkehrsmittel wird er dabei als besonders umweltfreundlich wahrgenommen und ihm ein besonders geringer CO2-Ausstoß unterstellt. Im Hinblick auf die durch den Staat gesetzten Ziele einer nachhaltigen Mobilität und dem Umdenken in der Verkehrsmittelwahl hin zu öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln sollte er daher helfen können, diese Ziele zu erreichen. Im Zuge einer ersten Analyse des Fernbusmarktes, welche aktuelle Marktentwicklungen, Folgen für deutsche Kommunen und umweltrelevante Rahmenbedingungen beschreibt, konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, dass die statistischen Grundlagen für eine ausführliche Bewertung, verkehrlich wie auch ökologisch, nicht ausreichend vorhanden sind. Diese Arbeit hat es sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, ein grundlegendes Erhebungskonzept für den Fernbusverkehr zu erstellen. Dabei wurden notwendige Kenngrößen, wie z.B. die Herkunft der Fernbusnutzer oder die Auslastung der Fernbusse, als Schwerpunkte der Erhebung identifiziert und ein Konzept unter der Zuhilfenahme aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse erstellt. Um die praktische Anwendbarkeit des Erhebungskonzepts zu prüfen und erste Erkenntnisse zu erlangen, wurde das Konzept in einem Testrahmen für den Standort Dresden erprobt. Im Anschluss der Erhebung wurden die gesammelten Daten einer ersten Auswertung unterzogen und im Rahmen einer Analyse aufbereitet vorgestellt. Abschließend konnte unter der Verwendung der erhobenen Auslastungen eine vereinfachte Umweltbilanz ermittelt und in einen Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Studien gestellt werden. Es zeigte sich dabei, dass der Fernbus auch unter den aktuell sehr harten Wettbewerbsbedingungen mit vielen parallelen Angeboten und Konkurrenten durchaus einen ökologischen und umweltschonenden Verkehr anbieten kann.

O futsal é classificado como um jogo esportivo coletivo (JEC) de invasão que envolve a disputa pela posse da bola, permeada pelas relações de cooperação e oposição entre os jogadores, que estabelecem um ambiente complexo, imprevisível. Nesse âmbito, o treinador assume o papel central do processo de ensino-aprendizagem (EA) para mediar os aspectos pedagógicos em busca de melhores desempenhos técnico-táticos. Dada a importância do treinador, sua opinião se torna fundamental para identificar como se dá o processo de formação dos jogadores ao longo do tempo. Assim, este projeto teve como objetivo principal identificar como se dá o processo de EA em diferentes etapas de formação do futsal a partir de uma revisão sistemática sobre o ensino do futsal e dos discursos de treinadores. A abordagem utilizada foi qualitativa a partir de um instrumento de entrevista. Para a tabulação e análise dos discursos foi utilizado o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Foram entrevistados 16 treinadores das oito primeiras equipes das categorias sub-12 (6), sub-14(6) e sub-16(4) classificadas no Campeonato Estadual Paulista de Futsal. A partir da revisão sistemática foi possível identificar que é no Brasil onde mais se produz sobre ensino do futsal e que a maioria dos artigos encontrados são quantitativos. Após a análise dos discursos dos treinadores, foi possível concluir que em relação aos conteúdos ofensivos e defensivos individuais não houve variação, já em relação aos conteúdos ofensivos e defensivos coletivos há importantes variações ao longo do processo de formação, diferindo dos conteúdos individuais. Há uma preferência pelos princípios do TGfU para abordar os conteúdos individuais ofensivos e defensivos (individual e coletiva). Já para o ensino dos conteúdos ofensivos coletivos nas categorias sub-12 e sub-14 o método analítico foi o mais mencionado / Futsal is classified as a collective sports game invasion involving the dispute for the ball, permeated by relations of cooperation and opposition between the players. In this context, coach takes on the central role of the teaching-learning- training process to mediate the pedagogical processes in search of better technical and technician-tactical throughout this process. Due to importance of the coach, his opinion becomes important to understand how the process of training of players over time happens. In that way, this paper aimed to identify and discuss how is the teaching-learning-training process at different stages of training of futsal from coaches\' speeches. The approach is qualitative from a semi-structured interview tool. For tabulation and analysis of the speeches we used the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse. We interviewed coaches of the first eight teams of the categories under-12, under-14 and under-16 classified in the State Championship of Futsal. From the systematic review, it was possible to identify that it is in Brazil where more is produced about futsal teaching and that the majority of the articles found are quantitative. After analyzing the coaches\' speeches, it was possible to conclude that there was no variation regarding the individual offensive and defensive contents, already in relation to the content offensive and defensive collective, there are important variations throughout the training process, differing from the individual contents. There is a preference for TGfU principles to address individual offensive and defensive content (individual and collective). For the teaching of collective offensive content, in the sub-12 and sub-14 categories the analytical method was the most mentioned

The purpose of this study was to understand why so few notifications of concern regarding children are made from sports clubs to social services, the organisation charged with managing such concerns. To be able to understand this phenomenon organisational factors and sport coaches knowledge of warning signs of child maltreatment was studied. There was also an interest to study this further regarding the facts that the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children, UNCRC, will be incorporated in the Swedish law January 2020. To answer these questions a qualitative method was used where six sport coaches, independent from each other, were interviewed using semi structured questions. The coaches represent different sports of which three are team sports, two are individual and one is both. The interviews were conducted in personal and were recorded. The analysing method used on the empirical data was coding and thematisation. The empirical data was analysed using relevant theoretical perspectives, namely ethics and organisational theory and an overview of relevant information on the subject. The results of this study showed that as well as there is a gap within the sport clubs regarding information, there is also a gap of information from the bigger organizations to the smaller local clubs. The findings also point towards the struggle coaches have when it comes to the ethical dilemmas that they encounter. How they choose to try and solve situations are directly related to the lack of knowledge - what happens in the process after one makes a referral of concern regarding a child and the fear of making the child's situation worse. One of the conclusions of this study is that if the coaches were given the right information and knowledge enabling them to have a good foundation to stand on, it is likely that more coaches would feel more confident regarding these dilemmas. This would help them know what to do if they notice that a child may be maltreated or abused. Each sports club also needs an existing updated child protection policy outlining how a coach should react when faced with concerns about welfare and protection. The thesis concludes by discussing whether sports clubs should have a duty to report child welfare concerns in the same way, for example, as teachers do.

Advances in technology make it possible to transform the scope, duration, and format of formal coach education programs such as those operated by sport National Governing Bodies (NGBs). The United States Olympic Committee (USOC), which provides oversight to Olympic sports, has a strong interest in developing quality coach education programs. The purpose of this research is to better understand the challenges, changes, and trends in coach education administered by NGBs. We compared the findings from a 2003 survey administered by the USOC to 45 NGBs examining the content, delivery, and development of coach education programs with an updated version of the survey administered in 2015. An online, anonymous survey was sent to the individuals responsible for overseeing coach education at each of the 45 Olympic sport NGBs. The survey consisted of 32 multiple choice questions covering staffing, budget, content, and delivery of coach education programs. While 70% of NGBs have a system for identifying coaches, the majority (77.8% of NGBs) feel as if there are not enough qualified coaches in their sport. Whether this stems from an inadequate coach education system, limited appeal of the sport, or poor sport marketing, there is a clear need to enhance the education level of coaches. The number one challenge for NGBs in coach education is budget and the number two challenge is maintaining current, quality course content. Three strategies for maximizing impact with limited resources would be to partner with other organizations (e.g., National Alliance for Youth Sport), to pool resources between NGBs to create a unified foundation for a coach education program, and to create a mentorship program to allow coaches to learn in more informal settings. Mentoring is widely acknowledged as an important coach learning tool, yet only 38.9% of NGBs reported having a mentoring program.

Title: Diagnosis of personality characteristics in head coaches of a selected sport Objectives: The aim of this work is to diagnosed and interpreted selected personal characteristics of head coaches (sport managers) of selected sports. The second aim is to identify significant testing differences between the head coaches of selected sports: sports managers and "other " managers Methods: To achieve the objectives, in the empirical part of master thesis was used quantitative research in the form of standardized tests to dynamics-aspiration- TDA and Eyseneck's personality questionnaire. In the dynamics of aspirations were evaluated and interpreted these personal dimensions: psychomotor pace aspirations and values of mental resilience. In Eyseneck's personality questionnaire two main dimensions of personality: neuroticism and extraversion were evaluated and interpreted.Furthermore, the value of the "lie score "was evaluated and the type of personality temperament was determined. The statistical method T-test was used to identify significant differences among the research groups. The results were interpreted by using graphs and verbally. Results: The average values of personality characteristics of the research group differed with the average values of personality characteristics of the thesis test...

The purpose of this study was to explore the interdepartmental integration between athletic trainers and strength and conditioning coaches in relation to relationship, communication, collaboration, and education. Forty participants from the NCAA Division I Southern Conference, twenty-eight athletic trainers and twelve strength and conditioning coaches, completed an electronic survey during a two-week period. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive and thematic coding analyses. The results suggested participated athletic trainers and strength and conditioning coaches were interactive and collaborative. Open-ended responses identified key concepts when athletic trainers and strength and conditioning coaches communicated and collaborated. A high interaction and collaboration model may be ideal to optimize athletes through rehabilitation while considering injury management, athlete monitoring, training program modifications, and athletic movement correction.

Der Fernbus ist eines der attraktivsten Verkehrsmittel, das den Fernreisenden im deutschen Fernverkehrsangebot seit dem Jahr 2013 zur Verfügung steht. Das steigende Bedürfnis nach flexibler und intermodaler Mobilität kann der Fernbus vor allem bei jungen Menschen auf eine bequeme und kostengünstige Art befriedigen. Als Teil des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs und als Massenverkehrsmittel wird er dabei als besonders umweltfreundlich wahrgenommen und ihm ein besonders geringer CO2-Ausstoß unterstellt. Im Hinblick auf die durch den Staat gesetzten Ziele einer nachhaltigen Mobilität und dem Umdenken in der Verkehrsmittelwahl hin zu öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln sollte er daher helfen können, diese Ziele zu erreichen. Im Zuge einer ersten Analyse des Fernbusmarktes, welche aktuelle Marktentwicklungen, Folgen für deutsche Kommunen und umweltrelevante Rahmenbedingungen beschreibt, konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, dass die statistischen Grundlagen für eine ausführliche Bewertung, verkehrlich wie auch ökologisch, nicht ausreichend vorhanden sind. Diese Arbeit hat es sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, ein grundlegendes Erhebungskonzept für den Fernbusverkehr zu erstellen. Dabei wurden notwendige Kenngrößen, wie z.B. die Herkunft der Fernbusnutzer oder die Auslastung der Fernbusse, als Schwerpunkte der Erhebung identifiziert und ein Konzept unter der Zuhilfenahme aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse erstellt. Um die praktische Anwendbarkeit des Erhebungskonzepts zu prüfen und erste Erkenntnisse zu erlangen, wurde das Konzept in einem Testrahmen für den Standort Dresden erprobt. Im Anschluss der Erhebung wurden die gesammelten Daten einer ersten Auswertung unterzogen und im Rahmen einer Analyse aufbereitet vorgestellt. Abschließend konnte unter der Verwendung der erhobenen Auslastungen eine vereinfachte Umweltbilanz ermittelt und in einen Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Studien gestellt werden. Es zeigte sich dabei, dass der Fernbus auch unter den aktuell sehr harten Wettbewerbsbedingungen mit vielen parallelen Angeboten und Konkurrenten durchaus einen ökologischen und umweltschonenden Verkehr anbieten kann.

Teachable moments (TMs) is a term that is used across various domains to refer to situations, occurrences, and/or events that present a potential opportunity to learn (Seals, 2018). TMs are recognized as important for educating others, as well as playing a role in professional and personal development. In sport contexts, TMs are a pathway for coaches to develop athletes (Hedlund, 1996). However, we do not fully understand what comprises TMs due to inconsistent usage of the term, and the paucity of sport-based, scholarly research on TMs. Much of our current understanding of TMs is based on studies from domains external to sport. This exploratory study aimed to (a) develop a broader conceptual understanding of how TMs occur between coaches and their athletes, and (b) explore university sports coaches’ perceptions of TMs with their athletes. In this study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a virtual TM recall document, whereby coaches logged events they perceived to be TMs with their athletes. Seven (7) university sports coaches completed an initial interview, while 5 of the 7 coaches completed between 4-8 recalls, as well as a second interview. A reflexive thematic analysis in combination with focused coding was applied, thus allowing us to develop a preliminary model of TMs in university sport contexts. In the first manuscript, titled ‘Teachable moments in university coaching: Exploring a coaching catchphrase,’we present our model, and outline the main qualities and conditions that support the occurrence of TMs. In the second manuscript, titled ‘Teachable moments: Practical examples from university sport,’ we elaborate on different forms of TMs that were developed in the findings, and provide concrete examples of TMs that coaches encountered in their day-to-day coaching practices. Throughout both manuscripts, we build our understanding of what comprises TMs in sport and discuss the implications for coaching practices and athlete development.