As a coastal city, the history and development of Helsinki are very much linked to its harbor. In particular, as the closest harbor to the city center, the South Port "Makasiiniranta" has largely served as the "gateway to the sea" of Helsinki. As the closest harbor to the city center, Makasiiniranta, in particular, has largely served as the "maritime gateway" to Helsinki, participating to a great extent in the daily life of Helsinki's residents and making a strong first impression on visitors. However, the function and form of the South Harbour have historically changed along with the values and needs of visitors, both residents and tourists, and this time is no exception.  The design of the harbor is based on this idea, which is divided into three levels: 1. the creation of a flood protection zone with different strategies based on the topography and different characteristics of the city; 2. the refinement and streamlining of the coastal flood protection architecture and landscape, which can exist in different scenarios with a variable form. To build climate-adapted spaces in coastal areas with their flexible forms to maximize the range of activities and functions of people at different water heights. 3. To embed functions in adaptive flood protection spaces to meet the needs of multiple groups.

Sea-level rise (SLR) is one consequence of global climate change and given Carpinteria's location right along the coast, the City will likely face the threats of sea-level rise and other impacts in greater frequency and intensity. The intent of this administrative draft is to provide a foundation for future development of a Climate Adaptation Plan, a starting point for the City’s climate initiatives. This administrative draft consists of background information on Carpinteria, a preliminary vulnerability assessment, and a list of potential strategies for City-led implementation. An adaptation plan is sound planning that recognizes the community’s vulnerabilities and attempts to minimize climate change impacts through preemptive action.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, 2010. / Submitted by Lilian M. Silva (lilianmadeirasilva@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T19:02:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O mapeamento geotécnico por meio de geoprocessamento como instrumento de auxílio ao planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo em cidade costeiras estudo de caso para Pelotas (RS).pdf: 30975847 bytes, checksum: ee4d2c520c07182c884a6fa606f1f739 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-06-10T18:57:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O mapeamento geotécnico por meio de geoprocessamento como instrumento de auxílio ao planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo em cidade costeiras estudo de caso para Pelotas (RS).pdf: 30975847 bytes, checksum: ee4d2c520c07182c884a6fa606f1f739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T18:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O mapeamento geotécnico por meio de geoprocessamento como instrumento de auxílio ao planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo em cidade costeiras estudo de caso para Pelotas (RS).pdf: 30975847 bytes, checksum: ee4d2c520c07182c884a6fa606f1f739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / As cidades costeiras brasileiras cresceram de forma rápida e não planejada nos últimos 70 anos, causando o desequilíbrio dos sistemas ambientais, impondo riscos às populações, e um pesado ônus ao poder público. Neste contexto, o planejamento urbano subsidiado em um diagnóstico que identifique e defina o melhor uso possível dos recursos do meio planejado desempenha um papel fundamental no estabelecimento e implementação das políticas urbanas. Entre os instrumentos técnicos aplicáveis ao planejamento territorial urbano, o mapeamento geotécnico é de grande importância na aquisição e representação de aspectos do meio físico, possibilitando a interpretação e avaliação de suas potencialidades e fragilidades. Esta dissertação apresenta uma metodologia que integra a avaliação do crescimento urbano com o mapeamento dos aspectos geotécnicos do meio físico, como forma de subsidiar o planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo nos processos de expansão das cidades costeiras. A área escolhida para o estudo de caso é município de Pelotas (RS), arrolado no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro como um dos municípios estuarino-lagunares da Zona Costeira. A metodologia utiliza recursos de geoprocessamento, em especial um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), no processamento e integração de dados sobre o meio físico, assim como na geração de informações derivadas e nos processos de análises. As principais etapas da metodologia são: (i) avaliação do crescimento urbano e mapeamento das áreas de expansão (vazios urbanos); (ii) estruturação do SIG e de um banco de dados de sondagens SPT (Standart Penetration Test) (iii) geração do mapa de unidades geotécnicas com base na proposta metodológica apresentada por Davison Dias (1995); (iv) análise das características físicas, geotécnicas e do regime urbanístico aplicável aos vazios urbanos. Como resultado do estudo de caso, foi produzido o mapa geotécnico da área urbana de Pelotas, identificados, mapeados e descritos 26 vazios urbanos, e caracterizadas as unidades geotécnicas neles presentes. O trabalho objetiva tornar-se uma ferramenta de apoio a pesquisadores e planejadores focados na disciplina do crescimento das cidades costeiras. / Coastal cities in Brazil have grown quickly and in a disordered way over the last 70 years, causing an imbalance of environmental systems thus creating risks for populations and putting an onus on public authorities. Urban planning in this context is based on a diagnostic that identifies and defines the best possible uses for environmental sources, which has a fundamental role in the establishment and implementation of urban legislation. An important technical tool in urban territorial planning is geotechnical mapping. This is used to acquire and represent aspects of the physical environment and can help interpretation and evaluation of their potentials and fragilities. This dissertation presents a methodology that integrates evaluation of urban growth with geotechnical mapping of aspects of the physical environment, in order to base the urban planning of land use and occupation in the process of urban growth of coastal cities. The case study is the city of Pelotas (RS), which is part of the National Plan of Coast Management as one of the cities placed in the estuary-lagoon Coast Zone. The methodology applies geographic information system tools (GIS) in the processing and integration of data related to the physical environment, as well as in the creation of derived data and in the process of analysis. The main stages of this methodology are: (i) evaluation of urban growth and mapping of expansion areas (urban voids); (ii) definition of SIG and data base of drilling SPT (Standard Penetration Test); (iii) creation of a map of geotechnical unities based on the methodological proposal presented by Davison Dias (1995); (iv) analysis of physical and geotechnical characteristics, and of urban planning applied to the urban voids. As a result of this case study, a geotechnical map of the urban area of Pelotas was produced, 26 urban voids were identified, mapped and described, and the geotechnical unities of them were characterized. In this way, this study aims to become a fundamental tool to support research in the area of urban growth in coastal cities.

Förändringar i klimatet i framtiden kommer innebära en ökad risk för översvämningar. Städer kommer behöva göra mer anpassningsarbete för att motverka översvämningar i framtidens klimat, men mindre städer och kommuner har en ofta en brist på kapacitet och resurser vilket försvårar deras anpassningsarbete. Denna studie undersöker Landskrona kommuns motståndskraft mot översvämningar i framtidens klimat genom en fallstudie. För att undersöka detta, har studien visat relevanta lagar för översvämningar och hur Landskrona kommer påverkas av översvämningar på grund av klimatförändringar. Undersökning operationaliserar resiliensbegreppet för att finna svar på hur resilient (motståndskraftigt) Landskrona är emot översvämningar i framtidens klimat och hur staden kan bli mer resilient samt vad Landskronas huvudsakliga översvämningsstrategi består av. Studien finner att Landskrona kommun arbetar i huvudsak med inkrementell förändring genom utlösande händelser och vid antagandet av nya detaljplaner och försöker lära sig att leva med framtida översvämningar genom lämplig markanvändning. Dock finner studien att det finns brister i översvämningsstrategin som kan påverkas dels av den kommunala autonomin, dels av ekonomiska incitament som driver kommuner med sämre skatteunderlag att exploatera markområden i attraktiva lägen, och rekommenderar därför att vidare forskning inom området bör särskilt titta på hur kommunalekonomi påverkar kommuners översvämningsstrategier. / Changes in the climate in the future will increase the risk of flooding. Cities are required to adapt to the changes in the climate to prevent floods in the future, but smaller cities and municipalities often lack the required resources and capacity to adapt. This study examines the resilience of Landskrona municipality to floods in future climates through a case study. To investigate this, the study has examined relevant laws for flooding and how Landskrona will be affected by floods due to climate change. The study operationalizes the concept of resilience to find answers to how resilient Landskrona is to floods in future climates and how the city can become more resilient, as well as what Landskrona's main flood strategy is. The study finds that Landskrona municipality primarily works with incremental change through triggering events and the adoption of new zoning plans and tries to learn to live with future floods through appropriate land use. However, the study also finds that there are deficiencies in the flood strategy that can be affected by both municipal autonomy and economic incentives that drive municipalities with lower tax revenues to exploit land areas in attractive locations. Therefore, the study recommends that further research should focus particularly on how municipal economy affect municipalities' flood strategies.