This thesis is concerned with the efforts to bring about a greater degree of local community participation in the use and management of Sri Lanka's coastal land and natural resources. Through the application of the Special Area Management (SAM) strategy in geographically distinct areas along the coast, the aim is to create collaborative arrangements - partnerships - that will enable coastal communities and local governments to work together with the Sri Lankan state and share responsibility and authority over the management of coastal land and natural resources. Using a political-geographical perspective that highlights the political and spatial dimensions of this shift in forms for governing the coast, the thesis seeks to identify and discuss factors that can have a bearing on the participatory dimension of collaborative coastal management in Sri Lanka. The thesis focuses particularly on factors influencing the role played by the local communities and the degree to which they actually come to share authority with respect to the use and management of coastal natural resources as envisioned in the SAM strategy. The thesis illustrates that, despite an ambition to bring about a sharing of authority and control in costal management, this has not quite worked out in practice. Due to circumstances relating both to the SAM strategy itself and to the context in which it is implemented, the degree to which coastal communities have gained any degree of influence with respect to the management of coastal land and resources remains questionable. The study is carried out prior to the tsunami that hit the Sri Lankan shores in December 2004. However, given the major reconstruction of Sri Lanka's coast that currently is ongoing and the controversy that surrounds it, the issues raised in this thesis are highly relevant.

Os colifagos somáticos (CS) são os melhores indicadores de poluição fecal. Neste trabalho, foi determinada a abundância de CS em amostras de água do mar, plâncton, e bivalves coletadas em Santos, São Sebastião e Ubatuba. Houve correlação positiva entre CS e as bactérias marinhas viáveis, coliformes termotolerantes, E.coli e enterococos intestinais, e a correlação foi negativa com a temperatura. As maiores contagens de CS foram obtidas em Santos. As freqüências das famílias encontradas nas amostras de água do mar e plâncton foram: Siphoviridae (50% e 65,8%), Podoviridae (36% e 15,8%), Microviridae (9% e 15,8%) e Myoviridae (5%, 2,6%), respectivamente. Em bivalves, só foi observada Siphoviridae. Os morfotipos observados foram A1 (3%), B1 (63%), C1 (21%) e D1 (13%). As técnicas de RFLP e rep-PCR não foram discriminatórias. 9,6% dos colifagos apresentaram os genes que codificam para as toxinas ST e/ou LT. O presente estudo está identificando os colifagos como perigos microbiológicos e gerando subsídios para avaliação de riscos microbiológicos no ecossistema marinho. / The somatic coliphages (SC) are the better indicator for fecal pollution. In this research, it was obtained the SC abundance in seawater, plankton and bivalves samples collected from Santos, São Sebastiâo and Ubatuba. SC counts were correlated with marine viable bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli and intestinal enterococci, and the correlation was negative with the temperature. Highest SC counts were obtained from samples collected at Santos. The frequency of SC families found in seawater and plankton samples were: Siphoviridae (50% and 65.8%), Podoviridae (36% and 15.8%), Microviridae (9% and 15.8%), and Myoviridae (5%, 2.6%), respectively. In bivalves, only Siphoviridae was found. Morphotypes A1 (3%), B1 (63%), C1 (21%) and D1 (13%) were observed. The RFLP and rep-PCR techniques were not discriminatory. 9.6% of coliphages contained genes codifying for thermostable toxin (ST) and/or thermolabil toxin (LT). This study is identifying the coliphages as microbial hazard and giving support to later studies for microbial risk assessment of marine ecosystem.

O Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral e está localizado entre as cidades de Mostardas e Tavares, no litoral médio e sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a 230 km de Porto Alegre. A região na qual está inserido apresenta uma economia baseada na agricultura, destaque para a cebola e o arroz, pecuária, pesca e principalmente a extração madeireira do pinus, atividade essa que causa grande impacto ambiental à região, por ser uma espécie que se dissemina com facilidade para outras áreas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi de avaliar o papel do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe no processo de desenvolvimento do Turismo nos municípios de Mostardas e Tavares, verificando sua relação com as melhorias na qualidade de vida da população. A hipótese utilizada foi que devido ao aumento de visitantes nas cidades, a população passaria a perceber as melhorias realizadas para atendê-los e a usufruir dos benefícios da atividade turística. Para isso foi utilizada uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com enfoque qualitativo e quantitativo. Utilizou-se, como método de coleta de dados, a entrevista, realizada em três grupos distintos nas duas cidades: os empreendedores, a população nascida após 1970 e a população nascida antes de 1970. Os resultados demonstraram que existe, entre as cidades pesquisadas, uma maior percepção dos benefícios trazidos pelo Parque Nacional no município de Mostardas. O fato de Tavares possuir grande parte de seu território na área de entorno da Unidade de Conservação, acarreta maiores restrições no uso da terra, o que gera mais conflitos. Verificou-se ainda, que há uma tendência dos entrevistados nascidos após 1970 de aceitar mais os benefícios do Parque Nacional do que entre os nascidos antes do ano de 1970. Por outro lado, ambos os grupos não identificam a Unidade de Conservação como um potencial gerador de receitas, pois somente a visualizam com relação a atividades agrícolas e não como um potencial para Turismo. Verificou-se entre os empreendedores, o reconhecimento dos benefícios ambientais e econômicos oriundos da atividade turística no Parque. Constatou-se que o ecossistema preservado de grande singularidade é o principal atrativo da região e que os habitantes reconhecem esse potencial, no entanto, deve-se trabalhar melhor o tipo de Turismo que a região pretende desenvolver, definindo o público alvo a ser atingido, havendo assim, uma melhor integração entre o Turismo e a preservação dos recursos naturais. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-28T17:09:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paulo Roberto Teixeira.pdf: 3666913 bytes, checksum: 5806669a5a96953e2c6b4623737426b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-28T17:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paulo Roberto Teixeira.pdf: 3666913 bytes, checksum: 5806669a5a96953e2c6b4623737426b9 (MD5) / The National Park of Lagoa do Peixe is a protected area that is located between Mostardas and Tavares cities, at middle and south coast of the estate of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 230km from Porto Alegre. The region where it is inserted has an economy based on agriculture, mainly of the onion and the rice, livestock and fishing. Also the plantations of pinus is the activity that causes the strongest environmental impact for the region, because it is a species that spreads easily to other areas. The general objective of the research was to evaluate the role of the National Park, in the process of developing tourism in the cities of Tavares and Mostardas, to check its relation with the improvements in quality of life. The hypothesis used was that due to the increase of visitors in the cities, the population would understand the improvements made to serve them and enjoy the benefits of tourism activity. For this study, was used an exploratory-descriptive search with focus qualitative and quantitative. For data collection, was used the interview, made with three different groups in the both cities: the businessmen, the population born after 1970 and the population born before 1970. The results showed that exist, among the cities surveyed, a greater perception about the benefits brought for the National Park in Mostardas. The fact that Tavares have much of its territory in the surroundings of the Park, carries more restrictions on land use, which creates more conflict. It was also found that there is a tendency of respondents born after 1970 to accept more the benefits of National Park than in those born before the year 1970. On the other hand, both groups did not identify the protected area as a potential generator of revenue, because they only see the point of view in of agricultural activities and not the potential for tourism. Among the businessmen, it was found a big acceptance of the environmental and economic benefits arising from the tourism in the Park. It was found that the preserved ecosystem is the main attraction of the region and that people recognize this potential, however, it is necessary to develop an appropriate type of tourism to the Park, defining the target audience to be reached, so there is better integration between tourism and preservation of natural resources.

O Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral e está localizado entre as cidades de Mostardas e Tavares, no litoral médio e sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a 230 km de Porto Alegre. A região na qual está inserido apresenta uma economia baseada na agricultura, destaque para a cebola e o arroz, pecuária, pesca e principalmente a extração madeireira do pinus, atividade essa que causa grande impacto ambiental à região, por ser uma espécie que se dissemina com facilidade para outras áreas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi de avaliar o papel do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe no processo de desenvolvimento do Turismo nos municípios de Mostardas e Tavares, verificando sua relação com as melhorias na qualidade de vida da população. A hipótese utilizada foi que devido ao aumento de visitantes nas cidades, a população passaria a perceber as melhorias realizadas para atendê-los e a usufruir dos benefícios da atividade turística. Para isso foi utilizada uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com enfoque qualitativo e quantitativo. Utilizou-se, como método de coleta de dados, a entrevista, realizada em três grupos distintos nas duas cidades: os empreendedores, a população nascida após 1970 e a população nascida antes de 1970. Os resultados demonstraram que existe, entre as cidades pesquisadas, uma maior percepção dos benefícios trazidos pelo Parque Nacional no município de Mostardas. O fato de Tavares possuir grande parte de seu território na área de entorno da Unidade de Conservação, acarreta maiores restrições no uso da terra, o que gera mais conflitos. Verificou-se ainda, que há uma tendência dos entrevistados nascidos após 1970 de aceitar mais os benefícios do Parque Nacional do que entre os nascidos antes do ano de 1970. Por outro lado, ambos os grupos não identificam a Unidade de Conservação como um potencial gerador de receitas, pois somente a visualizam com relação a atividades agrícolas e não como um potencial para Turismo. Verificou-se entre os empreendedores, o reconhecimento dos benefícios ambientais e econômicos oriundos da atividade turística no Parque. Constatou-se que o ecossistema preservado de grande singularidade é o principal atrativo da região e que os habitantes reconhecem esse potencial, no entanto, deve-se trabalhar melhor o tipo de Turismo que a região pretende desenvolver, definindo o público alvo a ser atingido, havendo assim, uma melhor integração entre o Turismo e a preservação dos recursos naturais. / The National Park of Lagoa do Peixe is a protected area that is located between Mostardas and Tavares cities, at middle and south coast of the estate of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 230km from Porto Alegre. The region where it is inserted has an economy based on agriculture, mainly of the onion and the rice, livestock and fishing. Also the plantations of pinus is the activity that causes the strongest environmental impact for the region, because it is a species that spreads easily to other areas. The general objective of the research was to evaluate the role of the National Park, in the process of developing tourism in the cities of Tavares and Mostardas, to check its relation with the improvements in quality of life. The hypothesis used was that due to the increase of visitors in the cities, the population would understand the improvements made to serve them and enjoy the benefits of tourism activity. For this study, was used an exploratory-descriptive search with focus qualitative and quantitative. For data collection, was used the interview, made with three different groups in the both cities: the businessmen, the population born after 1970 and the population born before 1970. The results showed that exist, among the cities surveyed, a greater perception about the benefits brought for the National Park in Mostardas. The fact that Tavares have much of its territory in the surroundings of the Park, carries more restrictions on land use, which creates more conflict. It was also found that there is a tendency of respondents born after 1970 to accept more the benefits of National Park than in those born before the year 1970. On the other hand, both groups did not identify the protected area as a potential generator of revenue, because they only see the point of view in of agricultural activities and not the potential for tourism. Among the businessmen, it was found a big acceptance of the environmental and economic benefits arising from the tourism in the Park. It was found that the preserved ecosystem is the main attraction of the region and that people recognize this potential, however, it is necessary to develop an appropriate type of tourism to the Park, defining the target audience to be reached, so there is better integration between tourism and preservation of natural resources.

Le rôle des particules de poussières comporte une grande incertitude des modèles climatiques, alors qu’ils constituent une grande influence sur le bilan radiatif global et l’apport en nutriments pour divers écosystèmes. Ce projet de recherche permet d’évaluer la composition de particules de poussières en Namibie, en fonction de trois vallées constituées de rivières éphémères en région côtière. La sélection des vallées s’est basée sur leur fréquence importante d’émissivité, observée par image satellitaire. En 2017, des mesures en temps réel ont été prises ainsi que des échantillons de surface, dont l’analyse des sols et filtres s’est effectuée en laboratoire. Les propriétés des sols, c’est-à-dire la distribution de la taille, de la minéralogie et composition élémentaire, seront traitées dans ce mémoire. Le but étant d’évaluer les sources d’émission et le potentiel de transport des poussières, par une meilleure connaissance de l’interaction des sols en relation avec les particules transportées par le vent. Il a été observé que le transect de la vallée du Huab possède une taille de particule plus fine en raison de divers facteurs, dont une rivière éphémère plus active. Le transect de la vallée de Omaruru quant à lui possède une composition en minéraux plus variée, dont une petite concentration en éléments lourds. Pour le transect de la vallée du Kuiseb, en raison du site d’échantillonnage et une forte influence de la mer de sable, des particules plus près de la fraction du sable ont été identifiés en plus grande quantité par rapport aux autres sites. Il est donc suggéré que, malgré une grande concentration de particules fines pour le Huab, son processus d’émission demande une fréquence de vent et un environnement propice à l’émission des particules par suspension. Contrairement à certaines vallées telles que le Hoanib ou le Hunkab, le Kuiseb et le Omaruru semblent influencés par la désintégration des argiles lors de la saltation et le bombardement de particules plus grossières. / Dust particles are primarily known to modify radiative forcing as well as nutrient contribution of coastal regions, but account for an important part of climatic model uncertainties. This project evaluates the characteristics of dust particles in river valleys of Namibia within three valleys of the coastal region. The selection of sites was determined by their frequency of emissions observed by satellite imagery. In 2017, fieldwork measures were taken as well as surfaces samples, which were analysed for their particle size distribution, their mineralogy as well as their elemental composition. The results presented in this thesis look at potential transport emission, to better understand interactions between soil and airborne particles. It was observed that the transect of the Huab valley presents the finest distribution of particles, primarily because of its active river providing finer particles to dust sources. The transect of the Omaruru has a more varied particle size distribution relative to the Huab valley and the Kuiseb, but has some coarser particles present in small quantities. Because of its location, the transect of the Kuiseb is strongly influenced by the Namib sand sea, which is reflected in its particle size distribution. Because of existing literature about dust particles, it is possible to suggest that the Huab valley needs stronger winds to be able to be emissive as it erodes predominantly through a modified direct suspension mechanism. Saltation and bombardment seem to play a more important role in the Kuiseb valley than the other valleys along the coast, such as the Hoanib or the Hunkab, because of its important composition of sand and geomorphology proprieties.

This study focuses on how gender and political engagement contribute to disaster management in Bangladesh, specifically in disaster relief and rehabilitation. It is based on empirical evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh, particularly in Dacope Upazila, and applies a mixed-method approach. Results show that gender has a significant influence on the acquisition of post-disaster relief and rehabilitation supports. Females, including those widowed and divorced, get more relief than males. Nevertheless, older women are not given priority for aftermath disaster relief. Moreover, gender plays a vital role in the household’s overall economic strength and is crucial for disaster resilience. Furthermore, respondents’ families who were, in some way, closely connected with local social and political leaders, obtained more relief and aids. The results indicate that socio-political connectedness, irrespective of gender, still dominates local decision-making processes in disaster recovery. Alongside women’s empowerment, regular monitoring and evaluation of relief and rehabilitation programs must improve, to reduce the traditional barriers to effective disaster management (arising from (dis)connectedness to local social power) in the face of climate change.