As a community-based AIDS service organization, HIV North Society plays a key role in providing programming and supports for persons at risk or living with HIV in a vast, primarily rural region of Northern Alberta. This thesis examines the question: How can HIV North Society use collaborative strategies to increase and sustain the delivery of programming within Northern Alberta? The action research was performed utilizing a mixed-methods approach, which included an online survey and conversation café. Participants included a select sampling of funders, board members, community members, and persons living with HIV. In accordance with Royal Roads University ethics requirements, this research was conducted with the greatest degree of care and ethical consideration of participants. The research results suggest that there is potentially much value in new collaborative actions to increase program delivery. The new collaborative actions focus on shared vision, community capacity building, and education, for a collective impact.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida a partir dos conceitos de estratégias colaborativas, tendo como campo empírico de análise a indústria brasileira de jogos eletrônicos. O objetivo central do estudo foi identificar em que atividades as estratégias colaborativas são implementadas entre as empresas que desenvolvem jogos, baseando-se nas orientações da Matriz CPC (CHILD et al., 2005). A pesquisa empírica foi conduzida junto às empresas da Associação Brasileira de Desenvolvedoras de Games (ABRAGAMES), e a coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas: um levantamento quantitativo, que identificou 22 empresas da ABRAGAMES, e entrevistas realizadas em profundidade em nove empresas. Os resultados mostram uma tendência das empresas de promover a internalização das atividades de produção de um jogo. Entretanto, identificaram-se estratégias colaborativas em Edição, Criação e Desenvolvimento que trouxeram ganhos de flexibilidade, ganhos no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, co-especialização, ganhos de escala e de aprendi / This study was developed based on the concepts of collaborative strategies having, as the empirical field of analysis, the Brazilian electronic games industry. The main goal of this study was to identify in which activities collaborative strategies are present among game developers, based on the orientation of the CPC Matrix (CHILD et al., 2005). The empirical research was conducted with companies belonging to the Brazilian Game Developers Association (ABRAGAMES) and data was collected in two phases: a quantitative survey which gathered information from 22 ABRAGAMES associated companies, and interviews conducted with nine companies. The results show the tendency towards the internalization, by the companies, of most activities needed for games development. However collaborative strategies were identified in Publishing, Art creation and Development activities. These strategies provided developers with better flexibility to face environmental instability, collective rents with joint new product development, co-

La capacité dynamique d'une organisation est son aptitude à constamment modifier et faire évoluer ses ressources, ses compétences et ses processus afin de répondre aux exigences de son environnement, et d'être proactive vis-à-vis de celui-ci. Cependant, il est constaté que le lien entre capacités dynamiques et relations inter-organisationnelles reste peu développé dans la littérature. Pour cette raison, notre questionnement est de savoir si l'environnement réticulaire, de par ses caractéristiques structurelles et contextuelles, est propice au déploiement et à la création des capacités dynamiques. Il s'agit de s'interroger sur les processus qui permettent le déploiement, la détection et la création de capacités dynamiques, de voir si elles opèrent individuellement ou en combinaison, et comprendre comment elles évoluent. Aussi, nous nous interrogeons sur le caractère inter-organisationnel des capacités dynamiques. Peuvent-elles être construites ou émerger de l'interaction ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi de mener notre étude dans des réseaux territorialisés dans la région PACA. Les entretiens menés montrent la nécessité de prendre en compte les actions collectives initiées par ces réseaux d'organisations et le rôle de la proximité (au sens large) comme leviers à la mise en oeuvre des capacités dynamiques des entreprises adhérentes ou d'émergence des « capacités dynamiques réticulaires ». Les résultats de recherche nous permettent d'affirmer le rôle des facteurs structurels et contextuels des réseaux sur le déploiement et la création des CD et de caractériser celles-ci dans ce contexte de réseau territorialisé. / The dynamic capability of an organization is its ability to constantly change and develop its resources, skills and processes to meet the needs of, and act upon its changing environment. However, the link between dynamic capabilities (DC) and inter-organizational relationships is rarely developed in the literature. Therefore, our dissertation deals with whether the network environment, through its structural and contextual characteristics, is suitable for the deployment and the development of DC. We question the processes that enable the deployment, detection and the creation of DC to understand whether DCs operate individually or in combination, and try to understand which DCs operate. Also, we question the inter-organizational nature of dynamic capabilities in territorial networks. Can DC be built or emerge from interactions in these networks? To answer these questions, we chose to conduct in-depth interviews in different territorial networks in the PACA region in France. Results of this empirical study show the need to take into account collective actions initiated by these networks of organizations, underline the role of proximity (broadly defined) as a means to deploy dynamic capabilities, and indicate the emergence of "network dynamic capabilities". Research results allow us to confirm the role of structural and contextual characteristics of territorial networks on the deployment and the creation of these capabilities and allow us to identify them in these contexts.

The topic of this study is inclusive strategies utilized by teachers in collaborative, co-taught K-12 classrooms. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify inclusive practices, strategies, communication, and professional development (PD) factors in collaborative, co-taught K-12 inclusive classrooms. A gap was addressed in the literature by exploring and investigating the lived experiences of collaborative, co-teaching teams. The primary research question for this study was, what practices and strategies are implemented in collaborative, co-taught K-12 classrooms? The secondary questions were (a) What strategies do co-teaching collaborations utilize? (b) What communications/collaborations between partners were utilized? (c) What additional training/support do co-teaching partners need from administrators? A demographic survey of 48 teachers was completed, and focus groups or one-on-one interviews were conducted with nine participants from nine schools. The research site consisted of teachers from nine K-12 public schools representing varying levels: primary, middle, and secondary. Nine eligible teachers agreed to participate in a one-on-one or focus group interview paired by areas of expertise using a protocol. Criteria for participation were one or more years of experience in an inclusive, collaborative, co-taught K-12 classroom within the pre-selected rural school division in Southwest Virginia. Data on effective practices and strategies in collaborative, co-taught K-12 classrooms as perceived by teachers were analyzed. Deductive coding was used to determine common themes, similarities, differences, and patterns from the data. Eight major findings were discovered, including collaborative, co-teaching pair strategies, administrative needs, and tips for future pairs. An in-depth understanding of the perspectives of the collaborative, co-teaching pair focusing on the pair's communication, responsibilities, tasks, and expectations helped to identify strategies for improving inclusive practices. The interview findings were used to identify strategies (e.g., differentiated lessons, scaffolding, team approach, and station teaching) for improving inclusive practices. Studying inclusive practices in the collaborative, co-taught K-12 classroom is important for raising awareness about the importance of this kind of teaching relationship for improving the learning environment of all students and increasing academic achievement. / Doctor of Education / Studying inclusive practices in the collaborative, co-taught K-12 classroom is important for raising awareness about the importance of this kind of teaching relationship for improving the learning environment of all students and increasing academic achievement. A demographic survey of 48 teachers was completed and one-on-one interviews or focus group interviews paired by areas of expertise were conducted with 9 eligible participants from 9 schools who agreed to participate. The research site consisted of teachers from 9 schools from varying levels, primary, middle, and secondary K-12 public schools. Criteria for participation were 1 or more years of experience in an inclusive, collaborative, co-taught K-12 classroom within the pre-selected rural school division in Southwest Virginia. An in-depth understanding of the perspectives of the collaborative, co-teaching pair focusing on the pair's communication, responsibilities, tasks, and expectations helped to identify strategies (e.g., differentiated lessons, scaffolding, team approach, and station teaching) to provide literature-based strategies for improving inclusive practices. Studying inclusive practices in the collaborative, co-taught K-12 classroom is important for raising awareness about the importance of this kind of teaching relationship for improving the learning environment of all students and increasing academic achievement.

Cette thèse relevant du domaine de la Didactique des langues (français langue étrangère) concerne l’apprentissage/enseignement enrichi par les TICE. Elle définit et analyse les stratégies de collaboration pour un écrit interactif, pratiquées par une communauté virtuelle d’élèves blogueurs. Le cadre théorique s’inscrit dans la perspective actionnelle (CECRL), instrumentée des TICE, et il embrasse les réseaux sociaux et leur application dans l’éducation, les caractéristiques de l’écrit interactif en tant que nouveau cybergenre. La méthodologie appliquée est principalement qualitative et relève de la recherche-action et, en particulier, de la recherche-développement appliquée à la conception de ressources multimédia. La construction d’un blogue communautaire a permis le recueil des données pour la partie empirique. Dans cet environnement numérique d’apprentissage, des élèves de 15 à 17 ans de Pologne, Ukraine, Tchéquie et Italie, stimulés par un scénario d’apprentissage, ont réalisé des interactions écrites pendant huit mois. La recherche a montré que les extensions intégrées au blog ont facilité l’émergence d’une communauté d’apprentissage. Elle a également montré comment ces artefacts ont été exploités, en se concentrant notamment sur une analyse des stratégies mobilisées pour l’écrit, ainsi que les caractéristiques de cet écrit interactif produit. / This dissertation belongs to the field of foreign language didactics (French as a foreign language) and it focuses on the use of ICT in learning and teaching. Its objective is to define and analyse the collaborative strategies in interactive writing practiced by a virtual community of blogging students. The theoretical framework is mainly qualitative, based on the principles of action research and more specifically Research and Development. The data for empirical studies were collected through a digital learning environment – a Communitarian Blog, specifically constructed and enriched with different plug-ins. In this learning environment, students, aged 15-17, from Poland, Ukraine, Italy and the Czech Republic, stimulated by a learning scenario, developped written interactions for eight months. The study has demonstrated that the added extensions have facilitated the emergence of a new learning community. It has also shown how the added artefacts have been used, allowing for an extensive analysis of the strategies mobilised for writing and the characteristics of this interactive writing.

This thesis is focused on the topic of collaborative strategies, their design and application in the field of business. Collaborative strategy is represented as a series of recommendations for companies (and other organizations) that are considering participation in a shared economy. Collaborative strategy can be also used in company which is already involved in shared economy. This document is based on the analysis of the business models and associated IT platforms which are used by organizations operating in the shared economy. In the thesis are identified key mechanisms and technical resources that enable the businesses to implement a sharing of resources between suppliers and users of these resources. Based on the obtained data were compiled individual strategies, each containing recommendations for the area of ICT, business models, law and summary of business fields in which they can be implemented. The conclusion of thesis contains a procedure for the identification of enterprise resources suitable for use in the shared economy. The final results together with collaborative strategies can be used by companies (and other organizations) to find new business potential, to participate in a shared economy and for innovation of business processes and business models. The benefit of this approach is a new perspective on the collaborative use of corporate resources. Combined with modern technology it helps to increase competitiveness and helps save the resources required for primary processes and also creates new ways to reach customers.

Purpose The purpose of the study is to understand how partner alignment can be created in a business ecosystem to work towards sustainability in the construction industry. The following research questions will therefore be studied: RQ1. What incentives are important for the subcontractors in a business ecosystem to reach partner alignment in a construction context? RQ2. What factors are required to create norms in the business ecosystem to reach partner alignment in a construction context? RQ3. How can the relationship between incentives and norms in a business ecosystem affect partner alignment in a construction context? Method Through a qualitative, abductive, single case study, we aimed to find answers to the research questions presented above. The data collection was completed in three different waves, where the second phase was where the main data was collected through 25 semi-structured interviews. We aimed to understand the current situation in the first wave, understand the subcontractors view in the second wave and validate the result in the third wave. The analysis of the data was completed through a thematic analysis, where we transcribed and coded the data with themes mainly originated from the previously studied literature. Findings Our findings resulted in two frameworks showing (1) recommendations important to perform in diverse stages of a collaboration in order to use incentives and norms in the best way possible. The aim is to reach partner alignment in a business ecosystem in the construction industry and thereby influence the subcontractors to work towards sustainability. Further, it is shown in framework number (2) how both incentives and norms have an important role, where incentives are important for short-term motivation to confirm good behavior and will be significant in the beginning of a relationship. Norms on the other hand, evolve over time and clarify an expected behavior, but the implementation should still start in the beginning of the collaboration.  Theoretical implications We contribute to the literature by applying the ecosystem concept in the construction industry, where a project-based partnering structure has previously dominated. Further, we create a greater understanding for what is required to achieve aligned partners in a construction context and how the combination of incentives and norms can contribute to this. Lastly, we give a more thorough analysis of the interaction between incentives and norms and how they relate to each other.  Managerial implications We provide managerial guidelines of how to establish partner alignment and encourage subcontractors in a business ecosystem to work with sustainability. We provide recommendations of motivation drivers, in terms of incentives and norms, and drivers significant to implement in certain phases of a collaborative setting. We further describe the relationship between incentives and norms, and state that incentive confirms good behavior and creates short-term motivation, while norms clarifies an expected behavior.  Keywords Partner alignment, business ecosystem, collaborative strategies, sustainability, construction, incentives, norms, shared values / Syfte Syftet med studien är att förstå hur deltagarna i ett ekosystem kan enas för att jobba mot en hållbar byggindustri. Följande forskningsfrågor kommer därmed studeras: RQ1. Vilka incitament är viktiga för underentreprenörerna i ett ekosystem för att uppnå enade deltagare kring hållbarhet i byggbranschen? RQ2. Vilka faktorer krävs för att skapa normer i ett ekosystem för att uppnå enade deltagare kring hållbarhet i byggbranschen? RQ3. Hur kan relationen mellan incitament och normer i ett ekosystem påverka deltagarnas samtycke kring hållbarhet i byggbranschen? Metod Genom en kvalitativ, abduktiv, fallstudie, strävade vi efter att besvara forskningsfrågorna presenterade ovan. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i tre olika faser, där den andra fasen utgjorde insamlingen av data som slutligen möjliggjorde att vi kunde besvara forskningsfrågorna. Fasen utgjordes av 25 semistrukturerade intervjuer, varav 20 respondenter tillhörde externa företag och fem respondenter tillhörde fallstudiens studerade företag. Målet med första fasen var att förstå den nuvarande situationen, för att sedan förstå underentreprenörernas syn i den andra fasen och slutligen validera resultatet i den tredje fasen. Analysen av data genomfördes med en tematisk analys, där vi transkriberade och kodade data, med teman som huvudsakligen härstammar från den tidigare studerade litteraturen. Resultat Vårt bidrag resulterade i två modeller som visar (1) rekommendationer för olika faser av ett samarbete, för att incitament och normer ska användas på bästa möjliga sätt. Målet är att uppnå enade deltagare i ett ekosystem i byggindustrin and därigenom influera underentreprenörer till att tänka hållbart. Vidare visar modell (2) relationen mellan incitament och normer och hur båda har en betydande roll. Incitament är viktigt för kortsiktig motivation, för att bekräfta ett önskvärt beteende och kommer ha stor betydelse framförallt i början av ett samarbete. Normer utvecklas över tid och tydliggör ett förväntat beteende men där implementeringen bör fortfarande ske i samarbetets startskede. Teoretiska bidrag Vi bidrar till litteraturen genom att applicera ett ekosystemperspektiv i byggbranschen, där en projekt-baserat partnering struktur tidigare har dominerat. Vidare skapar vi en större förståelse för vad som krävs för att skapa enade deltagare kring hållbarhet i ett bygg-kontext och hur kombinationen av incitament och normer kan bidra till det. Slutligen ger vi en grundlig analys av hur interaktionen mellan incitament och normer kan ha betydelse för att uppnå hållbarhet. Praktiska bidrag Vi presenterar riktlinjer för hur en företagsledning kan skapa enade deltagare och uppmuntra underentreprenörer i ett ekosystem till att jobba med hållbarhet i åtanke. Vidare presenterar vi rekommendationer för motivationsfaktorer, i termer av incitament och normer, och vilka som bör implementeras i vilken fas av ett samarbete. Slutligen beskriver vi relationen mellan incitament och normer, och konstaterar att incitament bekräftar önskvärda beteenden och skapar kortsiktig motivation, medan normer tydliggör ett förväntat beteende. Nyckelord Ekosystem, samarbetsstrategier, hållbarhet, bygg, incitament, normer, värderingar