This study is based on the catalogue/checklist of Pierneef works in the Pretoria Art Museum collection. The artist’s life, social, political and artistic influences of the period, both local and international, may be deduced from works analysed and discussed. The Arts and Crafts movement was a powerful influence affecting ideas on national identity, folk art and the vernacular from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards. A world-wide romantic nationalism stimulated a search for identity and exploitation of the indigenous. It is argued that these trends may be identified in the artistic development of Pierneef who, through friends, wide reading and intensive study was alive to European developments but focused on the indigenous arts of Southern Africa. He was the first South African artist to recognize Busman art and that of the black peoples. They had a profound influence on his own development and the motifs of his art. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1997. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

The notorious fuel consumption and environmental impact of conventional diesel refuse collection trucks (D-RCTs) encourage collection fleets to adopt alternative technologies with higher efficiency and lower emissions/noise impacts into their fleets. Due to the nature of refuse trucks’ duty cycles with low driving speeds, frequent braking and high idling time, a battery-electric refuse collection truck (BE-RCT) seems a promising alternative, taking advantage of energy-saving potentials along with zero tailpipe emissions. However, whether or not this newly-introduced technology can be commercially feasible for a collection fleet and/or additionally mitigate GHG emissions should be examined over its lifetime explicitly for the specific fleet. This study evaluates the performance of a D-RCT and BE-RCT in a collection fleet to assess the potential of BE-RCT in reducing diesel fuel consumption and the total GHG emissions. A refuse truck duty cycle (RTDC) was generated representing the driving nature and vocational operation of the refuse truck, including the speed, mass, and hydraulic cycles along with the extracted route grade profile. As a case study, the in-use data of a collection fleet, operating in the municipality of Saanich, British Columbia (BC), Canada, are applied to develop the representative duty cycle. Using the ADVISOR simulator, the D-RCT and BE-RCT are modeled and energy consumption of the trucks are estimated over the representative duty cycle. Fuel-based Well-to-Wheel (WTW) GHG emissions of the trucks are estimated considering the fuel (diesel/electricity) upstream and downstream GHG emissions over the 100-year horizon impact factor for greenhouse gases. The results showed that the BE-RCT reduces energy use by 77.7% and WTW GHG emissions by 98% compared to the D-RCT, taking advantage of the clean grid power in BC. Also, it was indicated that minimum battery capacity of 220 kWh is required for the BE-RCT to meet the duty cycle requirements for the examined fleet. A sensitivity analysis has been done to investigate the impact of key parameters on energy use and corresponding GHG emissions of the trucks. Further, the lifetime total cost of ownership (TCO) for both trucks was estimated to assess the financial competitiveness of the BE-RCT over the D-RCT. The TCO indicated that the BE-RCT deployment is not financially viable for the examined fleet unless there are considerable incentives towards the purchase cost of the BE-RCT and/or sufficient increase in carbon tax/diesel fuel price. From the energy useevaluation, this study estimates the required battery capacity of the BE-RCT for the studied fleet, and the TCO outputs can assist them in future planning for the adoption of battery-electric refuse trucks into their collection fleet where the cost parameters evolve. / Graduate

Les réseaux de capteurs sont utilisés dans l’IoT pour collecter des données. Cependant, une expertise envers les réseaux de capteurs est requise pour interagir avec ces infrastructures. Pour un ingénieur logiciel, cibler de tels systèmes est difficile. Les spécifications des plateformes composant l'infrastructure de capteurs les obligent à travailler à un bas niveau d'abstraction et à utiliser des plateformes hétérogènes. Cette fastidieuse activité peut conduire à un code exploitant de manière non optimisée l’infrastructure. En étant spécifiques à une infrastructure, ces applications ne peuvent également pas être réutilisées facilement vers d’autres infrastructures. De plus, le déploiement de ces applications est hors du champ de compétences d’un ingénieur logiciel car il doit identifier la ou les plateforme(s) requise(s) pour supporter l’application. Enfin, l’architecture peut ne pas être conçue pour supporter l’exécution simultanée d’application, engendrant des déploiements redondants lorsqu’une nouvelle application est identifiée. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une approche qui supporte (i) la définition de politiques de collecte de données à haut niveau d’abstraction et réutilisables, (ii) leur déploiement sur une infrastructure hétérogène dirigée par des modèles apportés par des experts réseau et (iii) la composition automatique de politiques sur des infrastructures hétérogènes. De ces contributions, un ingénieur peut dès lors manipuler un réseau de capteurs sans en connaitre les détails, en réutilisant des abstractions architecturales disponibles lors de l'expression des politiques, des politiques qui pourront également coexister au sein d'un même réseau. / Sensing infrastructures are classically used in the IoT to collect data. However, a deep knowledge of sensing infrastructures is needed to properly interact with the deployed systems. For software engineers, targeting these systems is tedious. First, the specifies of the platforms composing the infrastructure compel them to work with little abstractions and heterogeneous devices. This can lead to code that badly exploit the network infrastructure. Moreover, by being infrastructure specific, these applications cannot be easily reused across different systems. Secondly, the deployment of an application is outside the domain expertise of a software engineer as she needs to identify the required platform(s) to support her application. Lastly, the sensing infrastructure might not be designed to support the concurrent execution of various applications leading to redundant deployments when a new application is contemplated. In this thesis we present an approach that supports (i) the definition of data collection policies at high level of abstraction with a focus on their reuse, (ii) their deployment over a heterogeneous infrastructure driven by models designed by a network export and (iii) the automatic composition of the policy on top of the heterogeneous sensing infrastructures. Based on these contributions, a software engineer can exploit sensor networks without knowing the associated details, while reusing architectural abstractions available off-the-shelf in their policy. The network will also be shared automatically between the policies.

One of the greatest challenges facing school staff is problem behavior in the classroom (Public Agenda, 2004). Children who engage in problem behavior in the classroom setting greatly challenge teachers and diminish the ability to learn. This study evaluated the effects of self-monitoring using the Individualized Behavior Rating Scale Tool (IBRST) on problem behavior and on-task behavior in a classroom setting using a multiple-baseline across participants design. This study also evaluated the extent to which students self-rating on the IBRST correlated with direct observation data. Results indicate that self-monitoring using the IBRST was an effective strategy for increasing on-task behavior and decreasing problem behavior for all three students. Results also indicate that the IBRST may be an accurate and reliable means of measuring data when direct observation data may not be feasible or possible. There were 56/60 perfect agreements, with the other four opportunities being only 1-pt value apart. Limitations and future research are discussed.

Le processus de sélection de photos dans des albums peut être considérablement amélioré à l’aide d’un critère d’évaluation automatique des qualités d’une photo. Cependant, les méthodes existantes abordent ce problème de manière indépendante, c’est à dire en évaluant chaque image séparément des autres images d'un album. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons la modélisation du contexte d’une photo via une approche de clustering de collections de photos et la possibilité d'appliquer l’information de contexte à l'évaluation d’une photo. Nous avons effectué des études subjectives permettant d’étudier la manière dont les utilisateurs regroupent et sélectionnent des photos dans un album. Ces études ont permis une estimation du niveau de l’accord entre les différents utilisateurs. Nous avons aussi étudié la manière dont le contexte influence leurs décisions. Après avoir étudié la nature des décisions des utilisateurs, nous proposons une approche informatique pour modéliser leur comportement. Tout d'abord, nous introduisons une méthode de clustering hiérarchique, qui permet de regrouper des photos similaires selon une structure de similarité à plusieurs niveaux, basée sur des descripteurs visuels. Ensuite, les informations de contexte de la photo sont utilisées pour adapter le score de la photo pré-calculé indépendamment, en utilisant les données basées sur des statistiques et une approche d'apprentissage automatique. De plus, comme la majorité des méthodes récentes d'évaluation de la photo sont basées sur des réseaux de neurones convolutionnels, nous avons exploré et visualisé les caractéristiques esthétiques apprises par ces méthodes. / An automatic photo assessment can significantly aid the process of photo selection within photo collections. However, existing computational methods approach this problem in an independent manner, by evaluating each image apart from other images in a photo album. In this thesis, we explore the modeling of photo context via a clustering approach for photo collections and the possibility of applying such context information in photo assessment. To better understand user actions within photo albums, we conduct experimental user studies, where we study how users cluster and select photos in photo collections. We estimate the level of agreement between users and investigate how the context, defined by similar photos in corresponding clusters, influences their decisions. After studying the nature of user decisions, we propose a computational approach to model user behavior. First, we introduce a hierarchical clustering method, which allows to group similar photos according to a multi-level similarity structure, based on visual descriptors. Then, the photo context information is extracted from the obtained cluster data and used to adapt a pre-computed independent photo score, using the statistics-based data and a machine learning approach. In addition, as the majority of recent methods for photo assessment are based on convolutional neural networks, we explore and visualize the aesthetic characteristics learned by such methods.

Data collection and online personalization has become essential part of modern marketing, and thus, embedded into consumer’s everyday life. This has emerged a lot of negative attention in the media and privacy concerns among consumers – however, their attitudes towards privacy seems to be controversial with lack of privacy enhancing behavior. The purpose of this study was to find out what is consumers take on online personalization, data collection and GDPR. In order to the tackle the causing reasons of such perceptions, focus group discussions were performed. The emerging thoughts were analyzed with the concepts of privacy paradox and information asymmetry – how structural imbalance between the advertisement network, companies and consumers impacted to their thinking about personalization and which factors caused the unwillingness to enhance one’s privacy, despite the attitudes that would predict different behavior. The results showed, that many respondents do not mind personalization if they perceive it relevant. However, the intrusive nature of its practices made the participants, directly or indirectly, reluctant towards it, as it was highlighted that it is not personalization per se that made the respondents uncomfortable, but how it was done. Due to the advertisement networks’ opaque nature, the participants founded challenging to comprehend how personalization was performed. Thus, conspiracy theories about surveillance, such as tapping via smartphone, were broad up to explain companies’ ability to know and target them so well. The main channel for companies to inform consumers about their privacy policy is terms and conditions. However, due to several reasons, the decision making for one’s privacy face many hinders, that may influence in how consumers perceive their privacy and how their personal data is collected and used. A controversiality between GDPR’s, companies’ and consumers’ view on privacy self-management is evident, as the regulation and companies rely too much on consumer’s own responsibility.

The main focus of this thesis is the characterization of the charge transport in CdZnTe radiation detectors and the study of the effect of the detector illumination on charge transport. The transport properties are evaluated using Laser-induced Transient Current Technique and the Monte Carlo simulation is used for fitting the measured current waveforms. The properties of the detector prepared from semi-insulating CdZnTe single crystal with a platinum Schottky contacts were measured in the dark in the unpolarized and polarized state and under the anode and cathode continuous LED above-bandgap illumination.

This thesis is focused on interpreting constitutive components of Michel Foucault's political thought (power, knowledge, subjectivity) from the viewpoint of the subjectification. The first goal of this work is to pursue the technique of confession as a crucial mechanism that participates on constructing the subjectivity in Foucault's work. To uncover in which connections it is usually pursued and what forms according to Foucault did it gain during history depending on various configurations of bonds between power and knowledge. The work's second goal is to substantiate a technique of confession defined by Foucault in contemporary human sciences, specifically in the foundations of the processes of data collection and then to demonstrate confession as a necessary element for creating an empirical type of knowledge.

Släckvatten är den biprodukt som blir kvar efter att en brand är släckt och innehåller många olika föreningar som är skadliga för miljö och hälsa. Till exempel kan ett utsläpp av släckvattenslå ut en vattentäkt som tar många år och kostar många miljoner att återställa, om det ens går. Vissa av föroreningarna kan även stanna i organismer genom hela näringskedjan. Ett bättre handhavande av släckvatten skulle med andra ord kunna leda till stora ekonomiska och miljömässiga vinster. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur svensk släckvattenshantering kan utformas. Rapporten undersöker hur organisation, utbildning, rutiner, teknisk förmåga, förmågan att rena släckvattnet kan se ut runt en släckvattenresurs hos svenska räddningstjänster. Dessutom undersöker rapporten om det finns behov av stöttning från en annan aktör när det gäller släckvattenshanteringen. Rapporten berör endast hantering av släckvatten på skadeplatsen. Metoden som valdes för rapporten är fallstudie, där det ingick en litteraturstudie samt en intervjustudie. Tre organisationer valdes ut för intervjuerna: Södra Älvsborgs Räddningstjänstförbund, Eskilstuna Räddningstjänst, Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB). Resultatet visar att de två räddningstjänsternas släckvattenresurser liknar varandra i alla de områden som rapporten berör. Det framkom även att MSB påbörjat ett arbete för att utveckla släckvattenshanteringen med riktlinjer och vägledningar. De slutsatser som kan dras av resultatet är att organisationen runt en släckvattenresurs bland annat är att resursen inte ingår i någon larmplan utan larmas ut separat av RL. Resursen har placerats på en RIB- eller värnstation för att sprida kompetensen i organisationen samt så att resursen inte ska störa styrkeuppbyggnaden för andra stationer. Resursen har eget befäl och mellan 3–4 brandmän. Det finns samarbete mellan kommuner/förbund både ekonomiskt och operativt för de undersökta släckvattenresurserna. När det gäller utbildning för dem som arbetar med släckvattenresursen hålls årliga helgövningar plus ytterligare 3h utöver det hos Eskilstuna och hos SÄRF övas materialkännedom kontinuerligt. Befälen som arbetar med resursen har ingen påbyggnadsutbildning om vilka föroreningar som finns i vattnet utan ska kunna bedöma släckvattnets farlighet utifrån vad som har blivit släckt. Alla insatser utvärderas av personalen som varit på insatsen som sedan berättar för dem som inte varit med. Det är enligt respondenterna svårt att samla upp släckvatten då förutsättningarna kan se olika ut på olika insatser. Detta gör att det inte går att ha några förbestämda rutiner, checklistor eller lathundar. En taktik som dock finns är att leda vattnet mot en svacka eller dagvattenbrunn som förses med en pumpgrop för att sedan pumpa vattnet till en bassäng eller ett uppsamlingskar. Det finns rutiner för bränder på vattenskyddsområde som bygger på försiktighetsprincipen. De rutiner som finns för uppsamling inomhus är att brunnar i industrilokaler täpps till. Uppsamlingen påbörjas oftast efter att livräddande insats är klar och uppsamlandet sker mellan kall och varm skyddszon. Den tekniska förmågan för släckvattenhantering i basbilarna, där släckande styrka åker, är begränsad och förväntningen är att kunna samla upp genom att täta dagvattenbrunnar och lägga ut fylld grovslang som barriär. Fordonet som de undersökta släckvattenresurserna baseras på är en pick-up med släp. Släpet får max väga 750kg för att undvika krav på utökad körkortsbehörighet. Personalen bär larmställ, hjälm, stövlar med stålhätta, gummihandskar, skyddsglasögon och har även tillgång till tryckluftsapparat. Hanteringen av kontaminerad utrustning följer Skellefteåmodellen för friska brandmän. Utrustningen på resursen består främst av: brunnsmattor och brunnstätningar, självresande kar, dränkbara pumpar, spillbarriärer, vattendammsugare, pumpgrop och bärbara elverk. Uppsamlingsförmågan varierar mellan 10 – 26 m3 vilka gör att uthålligheten för uppsamlingen varierar mellan 20 minuter och 2,5 timmar beroende hur många av pumparna som används. Förmågan för rening är i dagsläget lika med noll och det beror mycket på att räddningstjänsterna inte har råd med reningsverk. Stöttning från MSB efterfrågas främst kring det otydliga juridiska ansvaret för släckvatten samt metodutveckling. Sedan efterfrågas stöttning rent operativt när det gäller rening och provtagning av släckvatten. Det kan antingen komma från MSB men kan också komma från samarbete mellan räddningstjänster/förbund eller med andra kommunala verksamheter så som miljö- och servicekontor eller VA. / Extinguishing water is the by-product remains after a fire has been extinguished. It contains many different compounds that could harm the environment and health. A spill of extinguishing water could e.g. destroy a water source that might take many years and costs many millions to restore, if even possible. Some of the pollutants can also stay in organisms throughout the food chain. In other words, better management of extinguishing water could lead to major economic and environmental benefits. The purpose of this report is to investigate how Swedish extinguishing water management can be designed. The report examines how organization, training, routines, technical ability, the ability to purify the fire water can be done around a fire water resource at Swedish rescue services. In addition, the report examines whether there is a need for support from another actor in terms of fire water management. The report only concerns the handling of extinguishing water at the accident site. The method chosen for the report is a case study, which included a literature study and an interview study. Three organizations were selected for the interviews: South Älvsborgs Rescue Services Association, Eskilstuna rescue service and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. The results show that the two examined extinguishing water resources are very similar in all the areas covered by the report. It also emerged that MSB has begun work to develop guidelines for extinguishing water management. The conclusions that can be drawn from the result are that the organization around an extinguishing water resource is, e.g., that the investigated resources are not included in any alarm plan but is alerted by RL. The resource has been placed at a RIB or part time station to spread the competence in the organization and so that the resource does not interfere with force building for other stations. The resource has its own commander and between 3-4 firefighters. For both investigated resources, there is cooperation between several fire departments both financially and operationally for the extinguishing water resource. When it comes to training for those who work with the fire water resource, annual weekend exercises are held plus an additional 3 hours per year. Knowledge of how to use the equipment is practiced continuously. The commanders who work with the resource have no additional training in what contaminants that could be expected to be present in the water but must be able to assess the danger of the extinguishing water based on what has been extinguished. All rescue efforts are evaluated by the staff who have been on the rescue, who then tell those who have not participated. According to the respondents, it is difficult to collect extinguishing water as the conditions vary a lot for different rescue efforts. This means that it is not possible to have any pre-determined routines, checklists or guides. One tactic that exists, however, is to direct the water towards a depression or stormwater well provided with collection vessel and then pump the water to a pool or a collection tank. There are routines for fires within water protection areas that are based on the precautionary principle. The routines that exist for indoors collection are that wells in industrial premises are being clogged. The collection usually starts after the life-saving operation has been completed and the collection takes place between a cold and a warm protection zone. The technical ability for extinguishing water management in the base cars is limited and the expectation is to be able to collect by sealing stormwater wells and laying out filled coarse hose as a barrier. The vehicle on which the fire water resource is based is a pick-up with a trailer. A trailer that may weigh a maximum of 750 kg as then no extended driving license is required. The staff wears alarm racks, helmets, boots with steel caps, rubber gloves, goggles, and also has access to a compressed air device and the handling of contaminated equipment follows the “Skellefteå model” for healthy fire fighters. The equipment on the resource mainly consists of well mats and well seals, self-erecting tubs, submersible pumps, spill barriers, water vacuum cleaners, pump pits and portable power plants. The collection capacity varies between 10 - 26 m3 which means that the endurance for the collection is between 20 minutes and 2.5 hours depending on how many of the pumps that are being used. Today, the capacity for treatment of the extinguishing water is equal to zero, largely since the rescue services cannot afford mobile treatment plants. Support from MSB is requested regarding the unclear legal responsibility of the extinguishing water, as well as for method development. Also operational support is asked for, in terms of treatment and sampling of the extinguishing water. Such support could either come from MSB but also from cooperation between rescue services or with other municipal activities such as environmental and service departments or water and wastewater departments.

This report details the design of a garbage collection (GC) module, which introduces modern GC features to the domain of embedded implementations. The described design supports weak references and feeds reference queues. Its architecture allows multiple concurrent application cores operating as mutators on the shared memory managed by the GC module. The garbage collection is exact and fully concurrent so as to enable the uninterrupted computational progress of the mutators. It combines a distributed root marking with a centralized heap scan of the managed memory. It features a novel mark-and-copy GC strategy on a segmented memory, which thereby overcomes both the tremendous space overhead of two-space copying and the compaction race of mark-and-compact approaches. The proposed GC architecture has been practically implemented and proven using the embedded bytecode processor SHAP as a sample testbed. The synthesis results for settings up to three SHAP mutator cores are given and online functional measurements are presented. Basic performance dependencies on the system configuration are evaluated.