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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

High precision computations of multiquadric collocation method for partial differential equations

Lee, Cheng-Feng 14 June 2006 (has links)
Multiquadric collocation method is highly efficient for solving partial differential equations due to its exponential error convergence rate. More amazingly, there are two ways to reduce the error: the traditional way of refining the grid, and the unexpected way of simply increasing the value of shape constant $c$ contained in the multiquadric basis function, $sqrt{r^2 + c^2}$. The latter is accomplished without increasing computational cost. It has been speculated that in a numerical solution without roundoff error, infinite accuracy can be achieved by letting $c ightarrow infty$. The ability to obtain infinitely accurate solution is limited only by the roundoff error induced instability of matrix solution with large condition number. Using the arbitrary precision computation capability of {it Mathematica}, this paper tests the above conjecture. A sharper error estimate than previously obtained is presented in this paper. A formula for a finite, optimal $c$ value that minimizes the solution error for a given grid size is obtained. Using residual errors, constants in error estimate and optimal $c$ formula can be obtained. These results are supported by numerical examples.
132

Contribution à la commande non linéaire de systeèmes d'irrigation

Dulhoste, Jean-François 23 November 2001 (has links) (PDF)
Ce rapport de thèse a pour but de résumer le travail de recherche sur la commande non linéaire de canaux à surface libre, basé sur un modèle de dimension finie, obtenu par une méthode de collocation orthogonale. Il est divisé en trois grandes parties. Une première partie présente les systèmes de distribution d'eau en général, ainsi que quelques notions d'automatisation et un état de l'art sur le sujet. La deuxième partie présente le modélisation de biefs de canaux ouverts par les équations de Saint-Venant, ainsi que trois méthodes d'intégration numérique de ces équations. Les méthodes présentées sont deux méthodes de différences finies, une explicite et une autre implicite dite de Preissmann, et une troisième est la méthode de collation orthogonale, utilisée par la suite pour la commande. La troisième partie est dédiée au développement de lois de commande non linéaires pour le modèle de canal à surface libre obtenu par la méthode de collation orthogonale. Trois méthodes sont utilisées ici pour la commande : linéarisation entrée-sortie, linéarisation entrée-sortie dynamique et backstepping. De plus afin de s'affranchir de la nécessité de mesurer tous les états, un observateur de débit et infiltration a été développé. Enfin, quelques avavcées sur la commande de briefs interconnectés sont présentés.
133

Collocation Segmentation for Text Chunking / Teksto skaidymas pastoviųjų junginių segmentais

Daudaravičius, Vidas 04 February 2013 (has links)
Segmentation is a widely used paradigm in text processing. Rule-based, statistical and hybrid methods are employed to perform the segmentation. This dissertation introduces a new type of segmentation - collocation segmentation - and a new method to perform it, and applies them to three different text processing tasks. In lexicography, collocation segmentation makes possible the use of large corpora to evaluate the usage and importance of terminology over time. Text categorization results can be improved using collocation segmentation. The study shows that collocation segmentation, without any other language resources, achieves better results than the widely used n-gram techniques together with POS (Part-of-Speech) processing tools. Also, the preprocessing of data with collocation segmentation and subsequent integration of these segments into a Statistical Machine Translation system improves the translation results. Diverse word combinability measures variously influence the final collocation segmentation and, thus, the translation results. The new collocation segmentation method is simple, efficient and applicable to language processing for diverse applications. / Teksto skaidymo įvairaus tipo segmentais metodai yra plačiai naudojami teksto apdorojimui. Segmentuojant naudojami tiek statistiniai, tiek formalieji metodai. Disertacijoje pristatomas naujas segmentavimo tipas ir metodas - segmentavimas pastoviaisiais junginiais - ir pateikiami taikymai įvairiose teksto apdorojimo srityse. Taikant pastoviųjų junginių segmentavimą leksikografijoje atskleidžiama, kaip objektyviai ir greitai galima analizuoti labai didelius tekstų archyvus aptinkant vartojamą terminiją ir šių automatiškai identifikuotų terminų svarbumą ir kaitą laiko tėkmėje. Ši analizė leidžia greitai nustatyti svarbius metodologinius pokyčius mokslinių tyrimų istorijoje ir nustatyti pastarojo meto aktualias tyrimų sritis. Tekstų klasifikavimo taikyme atskleidžiama, kaip taikant segmentavimą pastoviaisiais junginiais galima pagerinti tekstų klasifikavimo rezultatus. Taip pat, pasitelkiant segmentavimą pastoviaisiais junginiais, atskleidžiama, kad nežymiai galima pagerinti statistinio mašininio vertimo kokybę, ir atskleidžiama įvairių žodžių junglumo įverčių įtaka segmentavimui pastoviaisiais junginiais. Naujas teksto skaidymo pastoviaisiais junginiais metodas atskleidžia naujas galimybes gerinti teksto apdorojimo rezultatus įvairiuose taikymuose ir įvairiose kalbose.
134

Teksto skaidymas pastoviųjų junginių segmentais / Collocation segmentation for text chunking

Daudaravičius, Vidas 04 February 2013 (has links)
Teksto skaidymo įvairaus tipo segmentais metodai yra plačiai naudojami teksto apdorojimui. Segmentuojant naudojami tiek statistiniai, tiek formalieji metodai. Disertacijoje pristatomas naujas segmentavimo tipas ir metodas - segmentavimas pastoviaisiais junginiais - ir pateikiami taikymai įvairiose teksto apdorojimo srityse. Taikant pastoviųjų junginių segmentavimą leksikografijoje atskleidžiama, kaip objektyviai ir greitai galima analizuoti labai didelius tekstų archyvus aptinkant vartojamą terminiją ir šių automatiškai identifikuotų terminų svarbumą ir kaitą laiko tėkmėje. Ši analizė leidžia greitai nustatyti svarbius metodologinius pokyčius mokslinių tyrimų istorijoje ir nustatyti pastarojo meto aktualias tyrimų sritis. Tekstų klasifikavimo taikyme atskleidžiama, kaip taikant segmentavimą pastoviaisiais junginiais galima pagerinti tekstų klasifikavimo rezultatus. Taip pat, pasitelkiant segmentavimą pastoviaisiais junginiais, atskleidžiama, kad nežymiai galima pagerinti statistinio mašininio vertimo kokybę, ir atskleidžiama įvairių žodžių junglumo įverčių įtaka segmentavimui pastoviaisiais junginiais. Naujas teksto skaidymo pastoviaisiais junginiais metodas atskleidžia naujas galimybes gerinti teksto apdorojimo rezultatus įvairiuose taikymuose ir įvairiose kalbose. / Segmentation is a widely used paradigm in text processing. Rule-based, statistical and hybrid methods are employed to perform the segmentation. This dissertation introduces a new type of segmentation - collocation segmentation - and a new method to perform it, and applies them to three different text processing tasks. In lexicography, collocation segmentation makes possible the use of large corpora to evaluate the usage and importance of terminology over time. Text categorization results can be improved using collocation segmentation. The study shows that collocation segmentation, without any other language resources, achieves better results than the widely used n-gram techniques together with POS (Part-of-Speech) processing tools. Also, the preprocessing of data with collocation segmentation and subsequent integration of these segments into a Statistical Machine Translation system improves the translation results. Diverse word combinability measures variously influence the final collocation segmentation and, thus, the translation results. The new collocation segmentation method is simple, efficient and applicable to language processing for diverse applications.
135

Sur la résolution des équations intégrales singulières à noyau de Cauchy

Mennouni, Abdelaziz, Mennouni, Abdelaziz 27 April 2011 (has links) (PDF)
L'objectif de ce travail est la résolution des équations intégrales singulières à noyau Cauchy. On y traite les équations singulières de Cauchy de première espèce par la méthode des approximations successives. On s'intéresse aussi aux équations intégrales à noyau de Cauchy de seconde espèce, en utilisant les polynômes trigonométriques et les techniques de Fourier. Dans la même perspective, on utilise les polynômes de Tchebychev de quatrième degré pour résoudre une équation intégro différentielle à noyau de Cauchy. Ensuite, on s'intéresse à une autre équation intégro-différentielle à noyau de Cauchy, en utilisant les polynômes de Legendre, ce qui a donné lieu à développer deux méthodes basées sur une suite de projections qui converge simplement vers l'identité. En outre, on exploite les méthodes de projection pour les équations intégrales avec des opérateurs intégraux bornés non compacts et on a appliqué ces méthodes à l'équation intégrale singulière à noyau de Cauchy de deuxième espèce
136

Résolution de problèmes inverses en géodésie physique

Abdelmoula, Amine 20 December 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Ce travail traite de deux problèmes de grande importances en géodésie physique. Le premier porte sur la détermination du géoïde sur une zone terrestre donnée. Si la terre était une sphère homogène, la gravitation en un point, serait entièrement déterminée à partir de sa distance au centre de la terre, ou de manière équivalente, en fonction de son altitude. Comme la terre n'est ni sphérique ni homogène, il faut calculer en tout point la gravitation. A partir d'un ellipsoïde de référence, on cherche la correction à apporter à une première approximation du champ de gravitation afin d'obtenir un géoïde, c'est-à-dire une surface sur laquelle la gravitation est constante. En fait, la méthode utilisée est la méthode de collocation par moindres carrés qui sert à résoudre des grands problèmes aux moindres carrés généralisés. Le seconde partie de cette thèse concerne un problème inverse géodésique qui consiste à trouver une répartition de masses ponctuelles (caractérisées par leurs intensités et positions), de sorte que le potentiel généré par eux, se rapproche au maximum d'un potentiel donné. Sur la terre entière une fonction potentielle est généralement exprimée en termes d'harmoniques sphériques qui sont des fonctions de base à support global la sphère. L'identification du potentiel cherché se fait en résolvant un problème aux moindres carrés. Lorsque seulement une zone limitée de la Terre est étudiée, l'estimation des paramètres des points masses à l'aide des harmoniques sphériques est sujette à l'erreur, car ces fonctions de base ne sont plus orthogonales sur un domaine partiel de la sphère. Le problème de la détermination des points masses sur une zone limitée est traitée par la construction d'une base de Slepian qui est orthogonale sur le domaine limité spécifié de la sphère. Nous proposons un algorithme itératif pour la résolution numérique du problème local de détermination des masses ponctuelles et nous donnons quelques résultats sur la robustesse de ce processus de reconstruction. Nous étudions également la stabilité de ce problème relativement au bruit ajouté. Nous présentons quelques résultats numériques ainsi que leurs interprétations.
137

Dynamic Optimization of Integrated Active - Passive Strategies for Building Enthalpy Control

Zhang, Rongpeng 01 May 2014 (has links)
The building sector has become the largest consumer of end use energy in the world, exceeding both the industry and the transportation sectors. Extensive types of energy saving techniques have been developed in the past two decades to mitigate the impact of buildings on the environment. Instead of the conventional active building environmental control approaches that solely rely on the mechanical air conditioning systems, increasing attention is given to the passive and mixed-mode approaches in buildings. This thesis aims to explore the integration of passive cooling approaches and active air conditioning approaches with different dehumidification features, by making effective use of the information on: 1) various dynamic response properties of the building system and mechanical plants, 2) diverse variations of the building boundary conditions over the whole operation process, 3) coupling effect and synergistic influence of the key operational parameters, and 4) numerous parameter conflicts in the integrated active-passive operation. These issues make the proposed integration a complex multifaceted process operation problem. In order to deal with these challenges, a systematic approach is developed by integrating a number of advanced building/system physical models and implementing well established advanced dynamic optimization algorithms. Firstly, a reduced-order model development and calibration framework is presented to generate differential-algebraic equations (DAE) based physical building models, by coupling with the high-order building energy simulations (i.e., EnergyPlus) and implementing MLE+ co-simulation programs in the Matlab platform. The reduced-order building model can describe the dynamic building thermal behaviors and address substantial time delay effects intrinsic in the building heat transfer and moisture migration. A calibration procedure is developed to balance the modelling complexity and the simulation accuracy. By making use of the advanced modeling and simulation features of EnergyPlus, the developed computational platform is able to handle real buildings with various geometric configurations, and offers the potential to cooperate with the dominant commercial building modeling software existing in the current AEC industry. Secondly, the physical model for the active air conditioning systems is developed, which is the other critical part for the dynamic optimization. By introducing and integrating a number of sub-models developed for specific building components, the model is able to specify the dynamic hygrothermal behavior and energy performance of the system under various operating conditions. Two representative air conditioning systems are investigated as the study cases: variable air volume systems (VAV) with mechanical dehumidification, and the desiccant wheel system (DW) with chemical dehumidification. The control variables and constraints representing the system operational characteristics are specified for the dynamic optimization. Thirdly, the integrated active-passive operations are formulated as dynamic optimization problems based on the above building and system physical models. The simultaneous collocation method is used in the solution algorithm to discretize the state and control variables, translating the optimization formulation into a nonlinear program (NLP). After collocation, the translated NLP problems for the daily integrated VAV/DW operation for a case zone have 1605/2181 variables, 1485/2037 equality constraints and 280/248 inequality constraints, respectively. It is found that IPOPT is able to provide the optimal solution within minutes using an 8-core 64-bit desktop, which illustrates the efficiency of the problem formulation. The case study results indicate that the approach can effectively improve the energy performance of the integrated active-passive operations, while maintaining acceptable indoor thermal comfort. Compared to the conventional local control strategies, the optimized strategies lead to remarkable energy saving percentages in different climate conditions: 29.77~48.76% for VAV and 27.85~41.33% for DW. The energy saving is contributed by the improvement of both the passive strategies (around 33%) and active strategies (around 67%). It is found that the thermal comfort constraint defined in the optimization also affects the energy saving. The total optimal energy consumption drops by around 3% if the value of the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) limit is increased by one unit between 5~15%. It is also found that the fitted periodic weather data can lead to similar operation strategies in the dynamic optimization as the realistic data, and therefore can be a reasonable alternative when the more detailed realistic weather data is not available. The method described in the thesis can be generalized to supervise the operation design of building systems with different configurations.
138

O léxico no ensino e aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira

Lisbôa, Isolda Veronese Moniz Vianna January 2005 (has links)
97f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-13T17:28:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Isolda Lisbôa.pdf: 1326879 bytes, checksum: 5442b0cedaf3f2d71dae4c317834d9b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T17:03:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Isolda Lisbôa.pdf: 1326879 bytes, checksum: 5442b0cedaf3f2d71dae4c317834d9b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T17:03:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Isolda Lisbôa.pdf: 1326879 bytes, checksum: 5442b0cedaf3f2d71dae4c317834d9b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / A importância do papel do léxico no ensino e aprendizagem de 2ª língua ? inglês é um tema que vem crescendo em número de pesquisas e apresentações nos últimos anos, revelando uma maior atenção e interesse sobre um componente ? o léxico ? que se julgava ser secundário no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O presente trabalho segue esta tendência, na medida em que tem como objetivo comprovar a eficácia de técnicas de abordagem lexical no desenvolvimento da competência lexical dos aprendizes do inglês como língua estrangeira. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o hipotético-dedutivo. Na pesquisa ação desenvolvida, os grupos foram selecionados por nível de proficiência. O tratamento estatístico aplicado foi o projeto antes-depois com grupo de controle. A análise por comparação quantitativa e qualitativa, em diferentes estágios da pesquisa, revelou resultado positivo, apontando um desenvolvimento da competência lexical dos aprendizes, por meio da diminuição do número de erros de ordem lexical cometidos ? em três das quatro variáveis pesquisadas ? e por conscientização dos alunos da existência e importância das preferências colocacionais no desenvolvimento de suas competências lexicais. O trabalho, no entanto, ao invés de conclusivo, abre uma perspectiva de se ampliar os estudos sobre o tema, privilegiando o ensino e aprendizagem de 2ª língua? inglês. / Salvador
139

Jazykové klišé v současném televizním zpravodajství / Language cliché in contemporary TV news

Jeřichová, Tereza January 2018 (has links)
This diploma thesis focuses on language cliché in contemporary TV news. The aim of the theoretical part is to define the term cliché, specify its key features and describe language of the TV news. The analytical part focuses on finding and describing language clichés in the analysed material, which consists of TV news texts from three different Czech TV stations. The analysed material is restricted on preselected period of time. The chosen material is acquired from Newton Media archive, and the descriptions of particular clichés are accompanied by frequency and collocation data from language corpus SYN2015. The core of this diploma thesis is systematic definition of the term cliché and the linguistic analysis of particular clichés that can be found in contemporary TV news.
140

Lexical cohesion in student academic writing

Van Tonder, Susan Louise 01 1900 (has links)
Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

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