No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

A colonoscopia com magnificação de imagem (CMI), associada à cromoendoscopia, tem mostrado a possibilidade de se diferenciar lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas. Duzentas e treze lesões colorretais foram magnificadas e analisadas, através da classificação de Kudo, por 3 observadores distintos e também comparadas com os resultados histopatológicos. Houve bom grau de concordância entre os observadores (Kappa = 0,561) para os diversos padrões de criptas. Não houve diferenças entre eles com relação à chance de acerto (p = 0,121; 0,500; 0,405). A acurácia do método foi de 84%, sensibilidade de 91,4%, especificidade de 67,2%, valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 86,6% e 79,3%, índice de Kappa de 0,61. Esses resultados mostram que a CMI não deve ser utilizada na definição de conduta frente a lesões polipóides / Magnifying colonoscopy (MC) associated with chromoendoscopy has showed the possibility of differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. Two hundred and thirteen lesions were magnifyied and analysed, according to Kudo's classification, by 3 observers and compared with histopathological results. There was a good agreement index among them (Kappa = 0.561) with respect to the aspects of the pits. No differences were found in relation to the possibility of being correct (p = 0.121; 0.500; 0.405). Accuracy of method was 84%, sensitivity of 91.4%, specificity of 67.2%, positive and negative predictive values of 86.6% and 79.3%; Kappa index of 0.61. These results show that MC must not be used to define what should be done with polypoid lesions

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelomaiacaixetamelo_dissert.pdf: 1810009 bytes, checksum: 1014c04abf9e0627459b0eaa88a963d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-26 / The ileum is approximately the most distal three-fifths of the small intestine and is responsible for digestion and the absorption of foods. The diagnosis of diseases that affect this segment can be achieved by clinical evaluation and complementary examinations. Colonoscopy, not only allows macroscopical analysis, but also enables biopsies to be carried out for histological evaluation. Objective: The objective of this research was to study the terminal ileum of patients submitted to colonoscopy in respect to: 1) correlation of endoscopic and histological parameters; 2) compatibility between the initial histological results evaluation and a review of slides; 3) the chance of individuals with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea presenting with histological alterations. Casuistic and Method: Patients submitted to colonoscopy for varying reasons were prospectively studied. During this examination 47 (42.3%) male and 64 (57.7%) female patients, with ages ranging between 14 and 82 years old (mean 51.6 ? 15 years), were selected with the terminal ileum mucous smooth and without enanthema at endoscopic examinations. Biopsies of the ileal mucosa were obtained for these individuals with the slides being routinely examined during data collection and later reviewed. Results: The correlation between patients with normal xiii ileoscopy and histologically normal ileum was 34.2%. When patients with histologically normal ileum and mild ileitis were analyzed, the correlation was 99.1%. The agreement between the initial histological evaluation and review of slides in respect to normal ileum and mild or moderate ileitis according to the Kappa test was 0.10 (poor agreement). Considering the normal ileum together with mild ileitis and moderate ileitis Groups, the agreement was 0.21 (fair agreement). In patients with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea, the chance of presenting histological alterations by Odds Ratio calculation, was 2.5 times higher than for asymptomatic individuals or those with other symptoms. Conclusions: In patients with the terminal ileum mucosa smooth without enanthema, the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings was high. The concordance between the initial histological results evaluation and the review of slides was not good. The chance of individuals with normal ileoscopy and abdominal pain and/or chronic diarrhea, presenting histological alterations was greater than for asymptomatic individuals or those with other symptoms. / ?leo compreende cerca de 3/5 distais do intestino delgado, sendo respons?vel pela digest?o e absor??o de alimentos. O diagn?stico de doen?as que afetam esse segmento pode ser feito por meio de avalia??o cl?nica e exames complementares. A colonoscopia, al?m da possibilidade de an?lise macrosc?pica, permite realiza??o de bi?psias para avalia??o histol?gica. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o ?leo terminal de pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia considerando: 1) correla??o endosc?pica e histol?gica; 2) concord?ncia entre resultados da avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas; 3) chance de indiv?duos com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas. Casu?stica e M?todo: Foram estudados prospectivamente pacientes submetidos ? colonoscopia por diversas indica??es. Durante esse exame foram selecionados 111 pacientes, sendo 47 (42,3%) do sexo masculino e 64 (57,7%) do feminino, com idade entre 14 e 82 anos (51,6 ? 15 anos), que apresentaram ao exame endosc?pico do ?leo terminal mucosa lisa, sem enantema. Foram realizadas bi?psias da mucosa ileal nesses indiv?duos, sendo as l?minas examinadas rotineiramente durante coleta de dados e revisadas posteriormente. Resultados: A correla??o entre pacientes com ileoscopia normal e ?leo histologicamente normal foi 34,2%. Quando a somat?ria dos pacientes com xi ?leo histologicamente normal e ile?te leve foi analisada, constatou-se correla??o de 99,1%. A concord?ncia entre avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas considerando-se ?leo normal, ile?te leve e ile?te moderada pelo teste de Kappa foi 0,10 (concord?ncia pobre). Considerando os grupos ?leo normal-ile?te leve e ile?te moderada, a concord?ncia foi 0,21 (concord?ncia razo?vel). Nos pacientes com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica, a chance de apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas, pelo c?lculo da Odds Ratio, foi 2,5 vezes maior em rela??o ?queles assintom?ticos e ou com outros sintomas. Conclus?es: Nos pacientes com mucosa do ?leo terminal lisa, sem enantema, a correla??o entre achados endosc?picos e histol?gicos foi elevada. A concord?ncia entre resultados da avalia??o histol?gica inicial e revis?o de l?minas n?o foi satisfat?ria. A chance de indiv?duos com ileoscopia normal, portadores de dor abdominal e ou diarr?ia cr?nica, apresentarem altera??es histol?gicas foi maior em rela??o ?queles assintom?ticos e ou com outros sintomas.

Orientador: Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila / Resumo: A colonoscopia é um procedimento invasivo que permite a visualização da mucosa do cólon e íleo terminal, dando a possibilidade de diagnóstico e tratamento eficaz para inúmeras doenças. Sua qualidade é influenciada pela eficácia do preparo do cólon, realizado com medicamentos e dieta específica, facilitando a total visualização da mucosa e reduzindo a repetição de exames. Apesar dos avanços nos métodos de preparação do intestino, a qualidade do preparo intestinal em alguns pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia é insatisfatória. A educação sobre o preparo para a realização da colonoscopia é importante para a adesão do paciente aos medicamentos e à restrição da dieta e consequentemente a qualidade do procedimento. A habilidade de orientar o paciente para o preparo do cólon é um fator fundamental não só para a eficácia do procedimento, mas também para minimizar as complicações que podem ocorrer durante a realização desse preparo. Objetivos: Construir e validar um folheto educativo com orientações para o preparo da colonoscopia e analisar a efetividade da orientação via telefone, realizada pelo enfermeiro, após as recomendações de rotina (orientações verbais e folheto explicativo) para o preparo do cólon em pacientes que necessitam de colonoscopia. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira consiste em uma pesquisa metodológica, de caráter descritivo, para o desenvolvimento de um folheto educativo a fim de orientar os pacientes que necessitam realizar o preparo para ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Colonoscopy is an invasive procedure that allows visualization of the mucous of the colon and the terminal ileum, giving the possibility of effective diagnosis and treatment for countless diseases. Colonoscopy quality is influenced by the efficacy of the colon preparation, performed with medications and specific diet facilitating the total visualization of the mucous and reducing the repetition of exams. Despite advances in methods of intestine preparation, the quality of intestinal preparation in some patients undergoing colonoscopy is unsatisfactory. Education about the preparation for colonoscopy is important for patient adherence to medications and diet restriction and consequently the quality of the procedure. The ability to guide the patient to the preparation of the colon is a fundamental factor not only for the effectiveness of the procedure but also to minimize the complications that may occur during this preparation. Objectives: To construct and to validate an educational leaflet with guidelines for colonoscopy preparation and to analyze the effectiveness of the telephone guidance, performed by the nurse, after the routine recommendations (verbal guidelines and explanatory leaflet) for the preparation of the colon in patients who require colonoscopy. Methods: The study was carried out in two stages: (1) methodological research of descriptive character for the development of an educational leaflet to guide patients who need to prepare for colonoscopy; (... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) play an important role in providing surgical and diagnostic services in an outpatient setting. They can be owned by physicians who staff them. Previous studies focused on patient “cherry picking” and over-utilization of services due to physician ownership. Few studies examined the relationship between physician ownership and quality of care. Using a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent colonoscopy, this study examined the effect of physician ownership of ASCs on the occurrence of adverse events after outpatient colonoscopy. Agency theory is used to as a conceptual framework. Depending on the extent to which consumers are able to assess quality of care differences across health care settings, physician ownership can function as a mechanism to improve quality or as a deterrent to quality. Four adverse event measures are used in this study: same day ED visit or hospitalization, 30-day serious gastrointestinal events resulting in ED visit or hospitalization, 30-day other gastrointestinal events resulting in ED visit or hospitalization, and 30-day non-gastrointestinal events resulting in ED visit or hospitalization. Physician ownership status is determined based on a court decision in California in 2007. Data sources include the State Ambulatory Surgery Databases (SASD), State Inpatient Databases (SID), Emergency Department Databases (SEDD), State Utilization Data Files, the Area Resource File (ARF), and HMO/PPO data from Health Leaders. After controlling for confounding factors, the study found that colonoscopy patients treated at a physician-owned ASC had similar odds of experiencing same day ED visit or hospitalization and 30-day non-gastrointestinal events resulting in ED visit or hospitalization as those treated in a hospital-based outpatient facility. But the former had significantly higher odds of experiencing 30-day serious gastrointestinal events and 30-day other gastrointestinal events resulting in ED visit or hospitalization. The results are robust to changes in propensity score adjustment approach and to the inclusion of a lagged quality indicator. They suggest that physician ownership of ASCs was not associated with better quality of care for colonoscopy patients. As more complex procedures are shifted from hospital-based outpatient facilities to ASCs, expanded efforts to monitor and report quality of care will be worthwhile.

The use of colonoscopy has demonstrated to be the most effective method to reduce colorectal cancer(CCR) mortality . A wide variety of screening modalities have been developed to date and the majority demonstrated to be effective to reduce CCR cancer incidence and mortality ratesColonoscopy is presently the gold standard examination method of the colon. This unique feature explains why its practice is done in most hospitals of the present healthcare systems. Quality measurements of any process require firstly, the definition of valid and reliable indicators which enables its assessment . In the recent years, many attempts have been tried in order to define useful criteria for this purpose. There is strong evidence which asserts colonoscopy performance varies among different centers and between endoscopists. We present the process of application and adaption of several parameters to a specific context in order to evaluate the quality of a CCR screening program. / La práctica de la colonoscopia ha demostrado ser el método más eficaz en la reducción de mortalidad por cáncer colorectal(CCR). Se han diseñado un número importante de estrategias de cribado en los últimos años, todas ellas son eficaces en la reducción de la incidencia y mortalidad por este tipo de cáncerLa colonoscopia es el método de exploración de referencia del colon. Esta singularidad explica el hecho de que su práctica se lleva a cabo en prácticamente todos los niveles de asistencia hospitalarios. Existen varias líneas de evidencia que sugieren que la calidad de la colonoscopia en la práctica clínica habitual varía de manera considerable, el problema planteado la inexistencia de herramientas capaces de medir estos niveles.En el presente estudio se plantea el proceso de definición de una serie de indicadores que posteriormente serán aplicados en el análisis del nivel de calidad de un programa de cribado de CCR.

Thèse doctorat : Automatique Industrielle : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2005. / Thèse rédigée en anglais. Résumé étendu en français. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 155-167.

We first studied factors associated with the rate of colonoscopy by primary care physicians (PCPs) in Ontario between the years 1996 and 2005. Next, we conducted an Instrumental Variable Analysis (IVA) to estimate the effect of colonoscopy on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality on average-risk subjects aged 50-74 years. Finally, we explored two study cohorts, one by including subjects who had the outcomes during the exposure period (unselected cohort) and the other cohort by excluding those subjects (restricted cohort). We estimated the absolute risk reduction associated with colonoscopy in preventing CRC incidence and mortality using traditional regression analysis, propensity score analysis and IVA. PCPs who were Canadian medical graduates and with more years of experience were more likely to use colonoscopy. PCPs were more likely to use colonoscopy if their patient populations were predominantly women, older, had more illnesses, and if their patients resided in less marginalized neighborhoods (lower unemployment, fewer immigrants, higher income, higher education, and higher English/French fluency). Using PCP rate of discretionary colonoscopy as an instrumental variable, receipt of colonoscopy was associated with a 0.60% absolute reduction in 7-year CRC incidence and a 0.17% absolute reduction in 5-year risk of death due to CRC. The unselected cohort showed an increase in CRC incidence and mortality associated with colonoscopy, whereas the restricted cohort showed a reduction in CRC incidence and mortality associated with colonoscopy. In the restricted cohort, using different statistical models, the absolute risk reduction varied from 0.52-0.60% for CRC incidence and 0.08-0.17% for CRC mortality. There were social disparities in the use of colonoscopy by PCPs and this disparity increased as the overall use of colonoscopy increased over time. Colonoscopy is effective in reducing incidence and mortality due to CRC. Different methods of subject selection and statistical analysis provided different estimates of colonoscopy effectiveness.