The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the level of political participation of Coloured people in the northern areas of Port Elizabeth. The focus was to investigate and identify if political apathy exists among Coloureds in the northern areas of Port Elizabeth and the reasons thereof, if it existed. The northern area of Port Elizabeth is a historically Coloured area created with the imposition of the segregation policies of the apartheid government. The study attempted to explore means to improve political participation of Coloured people in Port Elizabeth. Coloured people have played an important role in the political landscape in South Africa during the colonial and apartheid period. The voting power of the Coloured people during the colonial and apartheid period have been a determining factor in shaping the political landscape. The study commences with a broad overview of the political participation and political identity of Coloured people during the colonial and apartheid periods, including the current political dispensation. The study also included the analysis of secondary information in the form of statistical data in respect of election results from the 1999 elections through to the 2009 national elections. Data was collected by using qualitative and quantitative methods referred to as methodological triangulation. The qualitative method comprised face-to-face semi-structured interviews with political and community leaders in the northern areas that gained information on the levels of political participation and the extent of political disengagement. The quantitative method included a questionnaire that established views of respondents regarding levels of political participation and apathy to determine the levels of political disengagement. The interviews elicited valuable information on political participation of Coloured people before and after 1994. Information was also gained on the existence and the reasons for the perceived political apathy. Valuable insight was gained as to how Coloured people view the importance of political participation and the results indicated the limited participation beyond elections. Recommendations are made on the importance of civil society participation, the visibility of political parties and the importance of political education and how it can contribute to increased political participation.

This dissertation examines the activism of African-American club women in Iowa during the early twentieth century. As early as 1891, prior to the founding of the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (NACW) in 1896 and Iowa Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (IACW) in 1902, black women met in various cities throughout the state to discuss the need for education within the black community, proper etiquette for young women, current events, arts and culture, while planning community service activities. In the upper Midwest, clubs and early community activism served as a conduit for black women, providing a venue for them to hone their organizational skills, create networks, recruit members and develop programs to aid in racial uplift, increasing their authority and power as women in their communities. Through education, health, and welfare reform, club women created new forms of citizenship as they tried to make the needs of black Iowans a legitimate political concern for the state. Significantly, this occurred prior to and laid the ground work for the organization of regional branches of the Afro-American Council and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). My dissertation will show that the independent activism and organizing of black Iowa club women gave them the ability to influence other national organizations where women’s leadership was suppressed. In 1917, the United States War Department named Fort Des Moines, located on the outskirts of Des Moines, Iowa, as the first World War I training camp for black officers in the country. Working with 1200 black servicemen and their migrant families, local African-American women harnessed both club and organizational capabilities to perform some of the most hands on war work in the United States, creating black “Company Mother’s” groups and Red Cross auxiliaries. My research shows that African-American women in Iowa had greater access to state NAACP leadership positions than their sisters in larger urban areas throughout the country. From 1915-1920, black women injected local goals and objectives into the agendas of NAACP branches throughout the state. Exploring the impact of race, class, gender and migration on African-Americans in the Midwest, my dissertation will challenge historians to rethink how they frame their approach to black women’s activism by demonstrating the centrality of region to the history of African-American women’s leadership and race work. This dissertation is a social cultural history that draws upon the activism of individuals and organizational histories. A great challenge was piecing together the history of the eight clubs that existed 1891-1902, prior to the IACW. These clubs do not have any archived sources. I layered information found in issues of the Iowa Bystander from 1896 to 1902 with extensive research in national and state census data to better understand the lives of these women, who were also wives, mothers, and migrants. After the founding of the IACW in 1902, published primary material (annual meeting minutes, newspapers, bulletins, speeches) allowed me to recreate the conversations within African-American communities, as well as the dialogue between whites and blacks. I used the papers and national records of the IACW, NACW, and NAACP to identify club members as well as agendas, goals, outreach and fundraising efforts of various organizations, offering national and regional perspectives of the challenges faced by club women, while providing insight to conversations and concerns from the national to state level.

Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry Using Colored Shadow Imaging by Meshal K Alarfaj, Master of Science King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, 2015 Tomographic Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a recent PIV method capable of reconstructing the full 3D velocity field of complex flows, within a 3-D volume. For nearly the last decade, it has become the most powerful tool for study of turbulent velocity fields and promises great advancements in the study of fluid mechanics. Among the early published studies, a good number of researches have suggested enhancements and optimizations of different aspects of this technique to improve the effectiveness. One major aspect, which is the core of the present work, is related to reducing the cost of the Tomographic PIV setup. In this thesis, we attempt to reduce this cost by using an experimental setup exploiting 4 commercial digital still cameras in combination with low-cost Light emitting diodes (LEDs). We use two different colors to distinguish the two light pulses. By using colored shadows with red and green LEDs, we can identify the particle locations within the measurement volume, at the two different times, thereby allowing calculation of the velocities. The present work tests this technique on the flows patterns of a jet ejected from a tube in a water tank. Results from the images processing are presented and challenges discussed.

L'unification de la mécanique quantique et de la relativité générale est un des grands problèmes ouverts en physique théorique. Une des approches possibles est de définir des espaces géométriques aléatoires avec des bonnes propriétés, qui peuvent être interprétés comme des espaces-temps quantiques. Cette thèse aborde des aspects mathématiques des modèles de tenseurs colorés, un type de modèle de physique théorique qui s'inscrit dans cette approche. Ces modèles décrivent des espaces linéaires par morceaux appelés trisps colorés, en toute dimension.Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons tout d'abord étudié des modèles aléatoires uniformes sur les trisps colorés, en toute dimension. Nous prouvons que ces modèles ont une limite singulière, ce qui a aussi donné lieu à un théorème central limite sur le genre d'une grande carte aléatoire uniforme.Nous avons ensuite étudié le cas particulier de la dimension 2, où les trisps colorés sont un type particulier de cartes, les triangulations eulériennes. Nous montrons que les triangulations eulériennes planaires convergent vers la carte brownienne, qui est un objet aléatoire continu universel en dimension 2. Ce résultat est particulièrement remarquable étant donnée la complexité de la structure des triangulations eulériennes, en comparaison avec les autres familles de cartes qui convergent vers la carte brownienne / The unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity is one the great open problems of theoretical physics. A possible approach is to define random geometric spaces with nice properties, that can be interpreted as quantum spacetimes.This thesis tackles mathematical aspects of colored tensor models, a type of theoretical physics model that is inscribed in this approach. These models describe piecewise-linear spaces called colored trisps, in any dimension.In this thesis, we first studied random uniform models of colored trisps, in any dimension. We prove that these models have a singular limit, which also entails a central limit theorem for the genus of a large uniform map. We then studied the particular case of dimension 2, where colored trisps are a particular case of maps, Eulerian triangulations. We show that planar Eulerian triangulations converge to the Brownian map, which is a universal continuum object in dimension 2. This result is of particular interest, as Eulerian triangulations have a much more complex structure than the other families that are known to converge to the Brownian map

The following project explores how colored light can be used as a variable to manipulate the perception of a surface pattern. Placing the work within the textile design field, colors are a main factor for the development, it shows that colors’ visual state changes when colored light is inflicted. Taking advantage of the effect, an aim was set to explore the relationship between colored light and colored surface to expand methods of designing dynamic and storytelling surface patterns. This to add a different approach of how patterns can be created with a motion ability. The method used was through experimenting with different color combinations under colored light, observing movement of different color placements combined with motif arrangements and patterns, in order to find a working effect. The outcome are three different surface patterns with a dynamic property, each with its own storytelling aspect narrated by the colored light changing. This contributes to a playful way of creating depth to surface patterns, which can be developed further to different textile areas.

This thesis seeks to understand the South as a space through which the contested bodies of two literary characters and the men who authored them can be more fully explored: the Ex- Colored Man in James Weldon Johnson's The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man and Nicholas Worth in Walter Hines Page's The Southerner; each appearing within an early twentieth-century novel masquerading as an autobiography. These bodies serve to help us understand how the regional Other of the South has inflicted itself on individuals living in the South and caused an irreparable fracture to the characters' identities forcing them into passing roles in lives they do not see as their own. This passing allows the characters to adopt a new persona in the communities that they inhabit, but never permits them to inhabit new bodies themselves. They are always left with the perception that they do not corporeally belong and the anxiety that the "truth" about their body might be exposed at any moment. Ultimately, the thesis also challenges the notion of passing as merely racial and explores other forms of passing, especially ones dealing with geography (i.e. a Southerner passing as a Northerner) and explains that the New Southern Studies needs to find ways to examine the South that are not dependent on racial binaries.

The blockchain technology constitutes a domain where significant research is done. The technology revolutionized the world through the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, and since then new applications of the technology have emerged. One of the applications is to represent real assets as digital assets on a blockchain, so called smart-property. In this thesis a smart-property solution is utilized to address creditworthiness issues within the transport industry. A Proof-of-Concept (PoC) is implemented using smart-property through colored coins on Bitcoin’s blockchain. To conclude the usefulness of the solution, two alternative solutions are proposed for comparisons. Requirements for a solution to the problem are specified, and the solutions are evaluated against them. Thus the thesis investigates and compares the solutions’ abilities to address the creditworthiness problem motivating the thesis. The evaluation aspects constitute of: confidentiality, integrity, availability, consistency, immutability, response time, cost, customer usefulness, trust and environmental issues. It is concluded that a smart-property solution is adequate for the problem. The solution however got inadequacies, mainly regarding confidentiality, but that is concluded not to affect the problem domain. / Blockchainteknologin utgör ett område där mycket forskning utförs. Teknologin revolutionerade världen genom kryptovalutan Bitcoin, och sedan dess har nya applikationer av teknologin växt fram. En av applikationerna är att representera verkliga tillgångar som digitala tillgångar på en blockchain, så kallad smart-property. I denna uppsats används smart-property för att lösa kreditvärdighetsproblem som finns inom transportindustrin. En implementation för att påvisa konceptets ändamålsenlighet utförs där smart-property används genom colored coins på Bitcoins blockchain. För att kunna bedöma användbarheten hos lösningen, föreslås även två alternativa lösningar för jämförelse. Krav för en lösning på problemet specificeras i uppsatsen och lösningarna evalueras mot dessa. Alltså undersöker och jämför denna uppsats lösningarnas förmåga att lösa kreditvärdighetsproblemet som motiverar denna uppsats. Aspekterna för evaluering utgörs av: konfidentialitet, integritet, tillgänglighet, konsistens, oförändlighet, responstid, kundnytta, pålitlighet och miljöpåverkan. Slutsatsen som dras är att en lösning baserad på smart-property är adekvat för problemet. Lösningen har dock brister, främst vad gäller konfidentialitet, som däremot inte påverkar problemdomänen.

Oyster reefs in the western Mississippi Sound (WMS) are dependent on the salinity moderation by freshwater input. However, freshwater brings in high amount of pollutants, which affect the oysters negatively. Oyster diebacks happened as a result of hypoxia caused by excessive organic matter input to WMS in summer 2017. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is widely used as a proxy for determining organic matter distribution. In this study, hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing data collected using unmanned aerial systems and in situ CDOM data were used to develop algorithms in order to retrieve CDOM remotely. Collected physical and biogeochemical parameters were used to understand the carbon fluxes regulating the quality and quantity of CDOM. Developed algorithms showed high accuracy after accounting for seasonal variations of CDOM. Further, seasonal induced photodegradation, photosynthesis, calcification, and exchange of CO2 were identified as possible factors that affect the carbon dynamics in the study area.

No description available.

A portraiture study was conducted with four children enrolled in various grades of a rural Virginia elementary school. . Purposeful sampling was used as a selection tool, and all students were participants of the Title I program, unsuccessfully discontinued from the Reading Recovery program, and were tested as field dependent, a cognitive characteristic, using the Children's Embedded Figures Test created by Witkin, et al (1971). These participants were observed within a classroom setting, a small group setting, and in a one-on-one setting. Interviews offered the opportunity to investigate the students' feelings and attitudes towards using the overlays. Field notes, unaided observations, participant observations were gathered, and interviews were conducted with the students, as well as with the reading specialist, the teachers, and the administrator of the school. Further data was gained from historical records from the school and evaluative tools used within the classroom, on a periodic basis. Outcomes of this study focus on the process of using colored overlays with these participants, their self-efficacy their feelings about using the tool, how the faculty perceives this tool, and additional implications with regards to field dependence and colored overlays within the classroom. / Ph. D.