Orientador: João Sinézio de Carvalho Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T15:17:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camboim_RicardoAugusto_M.pdf: 5018034 bytes, checksum: aeb7e981adfca5bcafba7911a3f453c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Com o aumento da preocupação do homem com o meio ambiente, as indústrias passaram a se preocupar mais com o descarte de seus efluentes, com isso, vem sendo desenvolvidas técnicas para tratamento de efluentes. No presente trabalho utiliza-se a técnica de eletroflotação, para o tratamento de efluente de tinturaria de tecidos, a qual utiliza corantes reativos. Para tal montou-se um reator composto por: Uma cuba com capacidade para 50 litros, uma fonte de tensão com potencia ajustável e eletrodos metálicos com geometria retangular com área efetiva de 216 cm2. Os parâmetros estudados compreendem o tipo de material utilizado como eletrodo (ferro, aço inox e alumínio), o pH, temperatura e turbidez. Também foi feito a análise espectrofotométrica para avaliar a remoção de cor, também fizemos analise de DBO, DQO, Turbidez e Sólidos Totais no inicio e no final do tratamento. De acordo com os resultados observa-se uma drástica redução da turbidez, um leve aumento do pH (cerca de 10% do valor inicial) e aumento da temperatura (tipicamente 10%) no final do tratamento. Cabe ressaltar que neste processo de eletroflotação não se utiliza nenhum produto químico, somente energia elétrica. Assim tal processo torna-se bastante interessante devido à alta eficiência na remoção total da coloração do efluente em pouco tempo de tratamento em comparação com tratamentos convencionais. Ainda mais, pela análise visual do sobrenadante, verifica-se adicionalmente uma significativa remoção de material orgânico, tornando-o atrativo do ponto de vista ambiental / Abstract: With the increase of man's concern with the environment, industries began to worry more about the disposal of their waste, thereby, have been developed techniques for effluents treatment. The present work uses the technique of electroflotation for the treatment of effluents from dyeing of fabrics, which uses reactive dyes. In order to do this, a reactor was set up being composed by a tank with a capacity of 50 liters, a source of tension with adjustable power and metal electrodes with rectangular geometry with effective area of 216 cm2. The parameters studied include the type of material used as electrode (iron, steel and aluminum), pH, temperature and turbidity was also made a spectrophotometric analysis to evaluate the removal of color, we also examine the BOD, COD, Turbidity and Total Solids from the beginning and from the end of treatment. According to the results there is a drastic reduction in turbidity, a slight increase in pH (about 10% over baseline) and increased temperature (typically 10%) at the end of treatment. It is noteworthy that this electroflotation process do not use any chemicals, only electric power. So this process becomes quite interesting because of the high efficiency in removal of the color of the effluent in a short time of treatment compared with conventional treatments. Moreover, from the visual analysis of the supernatant, there is additionally a significant removal of organic material, making it attractive from an environmental standpoint / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Colours play an important role in our everyday life. Yet, it is something that we might not pay too much attention to, it is just there, even if we may have our favourite colours and likewise. However, sometimes the colours have a very specific meaning and is a medium of communication. One example of this is air traffic control systems as the one used in Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Ireland, and Croatia. However, despite using the same system, all but Denmark and Sweden use different colour schemes in the human computer interface of the radar screens. A decision was taken within the common organisation, COOPANS, to change this and harmonize the colour scheme, but how will that be received by the users, the air traffic controllers? This thesis aimed at investigating how usable the controllers in the different countries, except Croatia, found the new colour scheme and how easy they thought it would be to adapt to. The question was how this was affected by the fact they are using different colour schemes today? Data was collected with questionnaires during simulations in high fidelity simulator platforms at the air traffic control centres in Malmö, Copenhagen, Vienna, and Shannon. It was found that there were some differences between the sites which could not be explained by the controlled for factors, age, gender, and experience. Among the differences found, one was that the perceived usability differed between controllers in Malmö and Copenhagen respectively. Hence, since they are using the same colours today, the differences seem to be a result of expectations and opinions about the current colour schemes rather than exactly which colour scheme that are currently used. There was also a trend that the opinions from the first impression seemed to be reinforced within the group during the simulation. The major differences however were found to be on individual level.

The motivation for this MA work is based on the challenge to the preconception of hand-tufting through material, colour and light. When imagining a rug, a very specific image appears in our mind. Some details of that image could vary from person to person, but what is almost certain, dense and heavy, probably made out of wool, woven textile will pop up in front of our eyes. This work suggests a possibility of creating new expressions in design by the material driven approach. The investigation was led by practice based research including set up of experiments, experimental work and evaluation complementing the whole process. The exploration proved that qualities of monofilament yarn have a great ability to enhance colours as well as add certain kind of lightness to the hand-tufted piece. Furthermore, due to the transparency of monofilament yarn an interplay between the loops and the backing was possible, opening up for changes in colour perception. The outcome of the research is collection of woven and hand-tufted textiles contributing to the field of textiles by bringing new qualities to the hand-tufting technique.

Áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar podem sofrer o ataque do fungo Puccinia melanocephala e variedades suscetíveis desenvolvem uma doença conhecida por ferrugem da cana-de-açúcar. Por afetar, geralmente, áreas imensas, os prejuízos são grandes. Atualmente, a avaliação da doença é feita por especialistas que percorrem as áreas plantadas analisando visualmente as folhas e atribuindo à região um determinado grau de infecção. Esse modelo pode ser considerado subjetivo pois, dependendo da experiência e acuidade visual do especialista, a avaliação de uma mesma área pode apresentar resultados divergentes. Diante desta situação, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para automatizar o processo de identificação e avaliação, criando alternativas para minimizar os prejuízos. Este trabalho apresenta um método para classificação dos níveis de infecção da ferrugem por meio da análise de imagens aéreas de canaviais, adquiridas por um aeromodelo. Dessas fotos são extraídas características baseadas nas cores, as quais são classificadas por meio de uma rede neural backpropagation. Além disso, foi implementado um método para segmentação de imagens digitais de folhas de cana-de-açúcar infectadas com o intuito de corroborar a avaliação manual feita por especialistas. Os resultados mostram que o método é eficaz na discriminação dos três níveis de infecção disponíveis, além disso, indicam que este pode ser igualmente eficiente na discriminação dos nove níveis de infecção da escala adotada. / Cultivated areas of sugar cane may be targeted by the fungus Puccinia melanocephala and susceptible varieties may develop a disease known as sugar cane rust. Because the disease affects, in general, very large areas, the losses are very considerable. Currently, the evaluation of the disease is carried out by experts who must walk through the plantations analysing the leaves visually and assigning a certain degree of infection to the area. This model is somehow subjective because, due to experts’ experience and visual acuity, the evaluation for a specific area may present divergent results. In face of this problem, this work presents an approach to automate the process of identification and evaluation of the disease, as a new means to minimise the losses. This work shows a method to classify the infection levels of sugar cane rust through the analysis of aerial images of sugar cane plantations, acquired by an aeromodel. From these pictures, some characteristics are based on colours are extracted and further classified by a Backpropagation Neural Network. Furthermore, it has been implemented a method for the segmentation of digital images of sugar cane leaves infected by rust. This is done to corroborate the manual evaluation done by experts. The results have shown that the method is capable of discriminating the three levels of infection available and they also indicate that it can also be equally efficient in the discrimination of the nine distinct infection levels of the adopted scale.

The diploma thesis named Reflections of Space aims to change the approach at material anodizing and to move this purely technological process to the artistic level. The first part of the thesis summarises concisely a process of anodising and seeks for its demonstrations in the field of culture. The second part of the thesis describes the intention itself and the results of the research in the framework of technological proofs which are presented in the figurative part of the thesis.

Colors and color-perception may play an important role in animal ethology (foraging, intra or inter-species communication). However, trichromatic color vision is quite rare among mammals and occurs only in some primate species. Humans, apes, and most of the Old World primates are trichromats, whereas color vision among New World primate species varies strikingly. The pigment gene perciving longer wavelenghts (red) have appeared most recently. Moreover, the pigment genes for the perception of red color have appear independently in these two primates lines (Old and New World) (Kainz et al, 1998). Although the genetic mechanism of trichromacy is quite understood, the question remains, what was the adaptive advantage responsible for the spreading of the above mentioned genes. The basic functions of trichromatic vision may be better detection of food (folivory and frugivory hypothesis), signaling or warning functions. The main goals of the thesis is to study spontaneous preference for color in children (pre- school and school age) and non-human Old World primates who have routine trichromic vision. Moreover, the thesis will focus on preference of red color to understand what was an adaptive function of red color perception. We assume that the spontaneous preference for color may reflect an adaptive...

Les Вεrι ne semblent pas connaître un terme générique pour designer les couleurs : ils font usage d’un emprunt à l´arabe [lo:n]. Mais ils utilisent par contre six séries de couleurs dont chacune constitue un domaine de conception, spécifique par rapport aux autres, bien que souvent on manque des termes pour désigner chaque couleur par un seul et même nom. Chacune des séries apparaît assez diversifiée par la variété des notions qu´elle exprime. Les couleurs, dans le système de Вεrι.

This thesis aims to introduce a design proposal providing a special light-colour-space experience for preschool aged children. At this age, the basic aspects of visual perception are well-developed. However, unlike adults, children do not possess the experience and memories that enable complete visual perception. My goal was to create a space where children can play and, in the meantime, meet various stimuli that they are not used to, broadening their visual sensitivity by utilizing the rhythm of light and colour combinations. Based on earlier studies, I investigate three main areas: children’s perspective, their relationship with colours, and the learning process itself that takes place in their brain while embracing knew knowledge. Conclusions drawn from the literature review are complemented by studies of forms, shadows, and materials. The design of the installation itself is presented through conceptual sketches and models. As the main motive of the installation I chose a circular labyrinth where, during wandering, new experiences, colours, forms, atmospheres, and emotions reveal themselves as one progresses towards the centre. Darkness too plays an important role in the design. The changes in light level follow the steps of this external and internal journey, until in the last layer of the labyrinth children can experience almost complete darkness in a relatively safe environment.

Este trabalho investiga os pressupostos e fundamentos da Teoria das Cores de Goethe (Farbenlehre) como parte dos seus empenhos enquanto cientista da natureza. Apresenta a tradução de um texto seu sobre o método científico (Kautelen des Beobachters) e de um segundo texto sobre experimentos prismáticos (Beitrag zur Optik), no qual ele lança as bases do seu trabalho de mais de 30 anos sobre as cores. Estes textos, até então inexistentes em português, fornecem os subsídios para um entendimento mais amplo da Farbenlehre. E a pesquisa como um todo se orienta no sentido de contribuir para um resgate da fenomenologia goetheana para o ambiente cultural da atualidade. / This work investigates the principles and bases of Goethe\'s Theory of Colours (Farbenlehre\") as part of his studies as a Natures scientist. A translation of Goethe\'s essay on scientific methods (\"Kautelen des Beobachters\") and another on prismatic experiments (\"Beitrag zur Optik\"), where he sets the bases of his 30 years work on colours studies, are presented in this work too. The papers translated here were never before available in Portuguese, and they represent relevant subsidies for a comprehensive understanding of the \"Farbenlehre\". This research aims to contribute to the recovery of the Goethean\'s Phenomenology for the cultural enviroment of our days.

Este trabalho investiga os pressupostos e fundamentos da Teoria das Cores de Goethe (Farbenlehre) como parte dos seus empenhos enquanto cientista da natureza. Apresenta a tradução de um texto seu sobre o método científico (Kautelen des Beobachters) e de um segundo texto sobre experimentos prismáticos (Beitrag zur Optik), no qual ele lança as bases do seu trabalho de mais de 30 anos sobre as cores. Estes textos, até então inexistentes em português, fornecem os subsídios para um entendimento mais amplo da Farbenlehre. E a pesquisa como um todo se orienta no sentido de contribuir para um resgate da fenomenologia goetheana para o ambiente cultural da atualidade. / This work investigates the principles and bases of Goethe\'s Theory of Colours (Farbenlehre\") as part of his studies as a Natures scientist. A translation of Goethe\'s essay on scientific methods (\"Kautelen des Beobachters\") and another on prismatic experiments (\"Beitrag zur Optik\"), where he sets the bases of his 30 years work on colours studies, are presented in this work too. The papers translated here were never before available in Portuguese, and they represent relevant subsidies for a comprehensive understanding of the \"Farbenlehre\". This research aims to contribute to the recovery of the Goethean\'s Phenomenology for the cultural enviroment of our days.