Entre os problemas cirúrgicos das aves, as fraturas são os de maior prevalência. Em virtude das variações no tamanho, peso, anatomia óssea peculiar, alta incidência de fraturas complicadas e às diferentes demandas funcionais entre espécies e indivíduos, não foi possível estabelecer ainda um método ideal de osteossíntese para os ossos longos das aves. Por isso, diversos estudos têm sido realizados buscando um método adequado para as diferentes necessidades desses animais. Microplacas de titânio comumente utilizadas em cirurgias maxilofaciais de humanos foram empregadas recentemente na osteossíntese de aves, porém com poucos resultados disponíveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a utilização das microplacas de titânio no tratamento de fraturas experimentais de tibiotarso em pombos domésticos (Columba livia). Foram utilizadas 30 aves, adultas, machos e fêmeas, com 7 meses de idade, pesando entre 400 a 500 gramas, oriundas do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Os animais foram separados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de dez animais, sendo que no grupo 1 foi utilizado uma microplaca de titânio com 6 furos e espaçador central, no grupo 2 com 8 furos sem espaçador central e no grupo 3 com 8 furos com espaçador central. Após avaliação clínica, as aves foram submetidas a osteotomia médio-diafisária no tibiotarso direito para colocação das diferentes configurações de microplaca de titânio, sendo fixadas com microparafusos de titânio com 7mm de comprimento. Os animais foram avaliados clinica e radiograficamente até os 90 dias de pós-operatório. Após esse período, foi realizada eutanásia em 2 animais de cada grupo. Em todos animais foi observado a consolidação óssea, no grupo 1 o tempo médio e o desvio padrão foram 32,9±9,9; no grupo 2 30,8±6,7 e no grupo 3 26,6±6,4 dias, não havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos. O envergamento do implante foi a complicação mais frequente. A configuração da microplaca resultou em diferença estatística significativa em relação a deambulação e ao grau de envergamento nos diferentes grupos. Sendo que no grupo 3 houve maior precocidade no apoio do membro e menor grau de envergamento em relação aos outros grupos. Histologicamente foi verificado formação de calo ósseo em todos animais e presença de tecido ósseo ao redor da microplaca e microparafusos. Apesar das complicações observadas as microplacas de titânio são uma opção para osteossíntese de tibiotarso em aves de médio porte. / Among the surgical problems in birds, the fractures are the most prevalent. Due to variations in size, weight, peculiar bone anatomy, high incidence of complicated fractures and the functional demands of different species and individuals, is not possible yet to establish an ideal method for osteosynthesis of long bones in birds. Therefore, several studies have been conducted looking for a suitable method for the different needs of these animals. Titanium microplates commonly used in human maxillofacial surgery have been recently employed in osteosynthesis of birds, but with few results available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of titanium microplates in the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in pigeons (Columba livia) 30 birds were used, adult males and females, with 7 months old, weighing from 400 to 500 that came from the Animal Center Facility of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). The animals were divided into 3 groups with ten animals each. In group 1 a titanium microplate with 6 holes and a central spacer were used; in group 2 a titanium microplate with 8 holes without a spacer in the center; in group 3 a titanium microplate with 8 holes with central spacer. After clinical evaluation, the birds were submitted to mid-diaphyseal osteotomy in the right bone for placement of different configurations of the titanium plate, and fixed with titanium microscrews 7mm long. The animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically until 90 days postoperatively. After this period, euthanasia was performed in 2 animals from each group. In all animals was observed bone healing and in group 1 the mean and standard deviation were 32.9 ± 9.9, in group 2 30.8 ± 6.7 in group 3 26.6 ± 6.4 days, not having statistical difference in healing time between groups. The bending of the implant was the most common complication. The configuration of the plate resulted in a statistically significant difference in relation to walking and the degree of bending in different groups. Moreover, in group 3 there was higher precocity in the member suppor and a lower degree of bending in relation to other groups. Histologically it was verified the formation of the callus in all animals and the presence of bone tissue around the plate and microscrews. Despite the complications of titanium microplates, they are an option for osteosynthesis of tibiotarsus in birds of medium size.

Entre os problemas cirúrgicos das aves, as fraturas são os de maior prevalência. Em virtude das variações no tamanho, peso, anatomia óssea peculiar, alta incidência de fraturas complicadas e às diferentes demandas funcionais entre espécies e indivíduos, não foi possível estabelecer ainda um método ideal de osteossíntese para os ossos longos das aves. Por isso, diversos estudos têm sido realizados buscando um método adequado para as diferentes necessidades desses animais. Microplacas de titânio comumente utilizadas em cirurgias maxilofaciais de humanos foram empregadas recentemente na osteossíntese de aves, porém com poucos resultados disponíveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a utilização das microplacas de titânio no tratamento de fraturas experimentais de tibiotarso em pombos domésticos (Columba livia). Foram utilizadas 30 aves, adultas, machos e fêmeas, com 7 meses de idade, pesando entre 400 a 500 gramas, oriundas do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Os animais foram separados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de dez animais, sendo que no grupo 1 foi utilizado uma microplaca de titânio com 6 furos e espaçador central, no grupo 2 com 8 furos sem espaçador central e no grupo 3 com 8 furos com espaçador central. Após avaliação clínica, as aves foram submetidas a osteotomia médio-diafisária no tibiotarso direito para colocação das diferentes configurações de microplaca de titânio, sendo fixadas com microparafusos de titânio com 7mm de comprimento. Os animais foram avaliados clinica e radiograficamente até os 90 dias de pós-operatório. Após esse período, foi realizada eutanásia em 2 animais de cada grupo. Em todos animais foi observado a consolidação óssea, no grupo 1 o tempo médio e o desvio padrão foram 32,9±9,9; no grupo 2 30,8±6,7 e no grupo 3 26,6±6,4 dias, não havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos. O envergamento do implante foi a complicação mais frequente. A configuração da microplaca resultou em diferença estatística significativa em relação a deambulação e ao grau de envergamento nos diferentes grupos. Sendo que no grupo 3 houve maior precocidade no apoio do membro e menor grau de envergamento em relação aos outros grupos. Histologicamente foi verificado formação de calo ósseo em todos animais e presença de tecido ósseo ao redor da microplaca e microparafusos. Apesar das complicações observadas as microplacas de titânio são uma opção para osteossíntese de tibiotarso em aves de médio porte. / Among the surgical problems in birds, the fractures are the most prevalent. Due to variations in size, weight, peculiar bone anatomy, high incidence of complicated fractures and the functional demands of different species and individuals, is not possible yet to establish an ideal method for osteosynthesis of long bones in birds. Therefore, several studies have been conducted looking for a suitable method for the different needs of these animals. Titanium microplates commonly used in human maxillofacial surgery have been recently employed in osteosynthesis of birds, but with few results available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of titanium microplates in the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in pigeons (Columba livia) 30 birds were used, adult males and females, with 7 months old, weighing from 400 to 500 that came from the Animal Center Facility of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). The animals were divided into 3 groups with ten animals each. In group 1 a titanium microplate with 6 holes and a central spacer were used; in group 2 a titanium microplate with 8 holes without a spacer in the center; in group 3 a titanium microplate with 8 holes with central spacer. After clinical evaluation, the birds were submitted to mid-diaphyseal osteotomy in the right bone for placement of different configurations of the titanium plate, and fixed with titanium microscrews 7mm long. The animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically until 90 days postoperatively. After this period, euthanasia was performed in 2 animals from each group. In all animals was observed bone healing and in group 1 the mean and standard deviation were 32.9 ± 9.9, in group 2 30.8 ± 6.7 in group 3 26.6 ± 6.4 days, not having statistical difference in healing time between groups. The bending of the implant was the most common complication. The configuration of the plate resulted in a statistically significant difference in relation to walking and the degree of bending in different groups. Moreover, in group 3 there was higher precocity in the member suppor and a lower degree of bending in relation to other groups. Histologically it was verified the formation of the callus in all animals and the presence of bone tissue around the plate and microscrews. Despite the complications of titanium microplates, they are an option for osteosynthesis of tibiotarsus in birds of medium size.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18660号 / 農博第2089号 / 新制||農||1028(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4883(農学部図書室) / 31574 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 井鷺 裕司, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 北山 兼弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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An individual position in social hierarchy is the key mechanism, how an individual could gain a priority access to more quality food resources, find an attractive sexual partner to reproduce and find territory with low predation risk and maintain its fitness in total. Personality is supposed to be an important factor how an individuals keep their positions in social groups. The consistent individual variability in aggressive behaviour is closely related to the expression of melanin-based colouration and testosterone levels in blood. More explorative, aggressive, bolder and darker-coloured individuals are supposed to achieve higher dominance rank in social structures. But this prediction was barely tested. The main aims of this diploma thesis were: to find consistent individual variability in social and non-social context to confirm personality traits and to define connection between an individual variability in agonistic and explorative behaviour and melanin-based colouration in relation to social rank in experimental group of domestic pigeons (Columba liva f. domestica) under human care. Unfortunately, personality could not be defined and even more, there was no significant correlation between dominant position in social hierarchy and individual behavioural variability in social and non-social...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Machado Boulhosa.pdf: 6122608 bytes, checksum: cbfa6abf071d40e1644a01f624034058 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this dissertation is to discuss comparatively the construction of the concept of sainthood based on two distinct works: The Life of St Columba, written by Adomnán, abbot of Iona, in the last decades of the 7th century and The Life of St Columban, written by Jonas of Bobbio, in the mid-7th century. In both cases it is the pursuit of the image of sainthood that gives the narrative its primary sense; therefore they can and in fact are referred to as hagiographies. However, their history cannot be fully understood if the wider context is not first comprehended. Therefore, this dissertation opens up with a sketch of the surrounding events that made them possible, that is to say, Celtic Christianity. We also aim to point out the various interpretations surrounding the phenomenon and its implications in the final shaping of a theoretical model of Medieval monastic Saints: illuminated men, withdrawn from society, capable of articulating under their wings a great number of followers, whose power flowed from their example and illustration. Such people represent part of the Medieval Imaginary, articulators of its mentality, translators in deeds as well as in words of the ways in which Medieval Society saw the world: an eternal struggle to be worthy of God´s love. Entwined both with History and Sociology, such model becomes part of the Religious Studies and ends up guiding the reading of the mentioned hagiographies, helping us understand the role these monks played during the first centuries of Christianity, not only as spiritual but also as political leaders / O objetivo dessa dissertação é discutir, de forma comparada, a construção do conceito de santidade baseado em duas obras distintas: The Life of St Columba, escrita por Adomnán, abade de Iona, nas últimas décadas do século VII e The Life of St Columban, escrita por Jonas de Bobbio, em meados do século VII. Em ambos os casos, é a busca da imagem de santidade que dá às narrativas seu sentido primário; portanto, elas podem e, de fato, devem ser chamadas de hagiografias. Entretanto, sua história não pode ser completamente entendida se o contexto mais amplo não for também compreendido. Desta forma, essa dissertação se inicia com um apanhado dos eventos ao redor desses santos que tornaram as narrativas possíveis; a saber, o Cristianismo Celta. Também objetivamos apontar as várias interpretações ao redor do fenômeno e suas implicações na forma final de um modelo teórico de santos monásticos medievais: homens iluminados, retirados da sociedade, capazes de articular sob seu domínio um grande número de seguidores, cujo poder advém de seu exemplo e sua ilustração. Tais pessoas representam parte do imaginário medieval, articuladores de sua mentalidade, tradutores em feito e em palavras das formas pelas quais a sociedade medieval vê o mundo: uma eterna luta pelo direito ao amor Divino. Imbricado entre a História e a Sociologia, tal modelo se torna parte das Ciências da Religião e termina por guiar a leitura das ditas hagiografias, ajudando a entender o papel que esses monges desempenharam durante os primeiros séculos do Cristianismo, não apenas como líderes espirituais, mas também políticos

Written in c. 700 at the island monastery of Iona, Adomnán’s Vita Sancti Columbae (VSC) is an important source for the study of early medieval Scotland and Ireland. This thesis analyses the text as a literary work, seeking to understand more about its internal logic and the ways in which it relates to other kinds of literary texts. These include Biblical texts, other early insular, continental and late antique hagiographies, vernacular secular sagas, legal texts, scholarly literature and wisdom literature. Adomnán did not necessarily know all of these texts, and some of them post-date him, but they provide a wider interpretative context for VSC. Adomnán’s other known work, De Locis Sanctis, and texts connected to him, such as Cáin Adomnáin, will also be considered. I look for points of similarity and divergence between Vita Sancti Columbae and these other texts, which I term “adjacent literature”, looking to see how the text relates to its wider literary and intellectual context. By taking this approach, we are able to understand the text better on its own terms, making it more useful as a source for historical study. The text is studied, and set within its wider context, with respect to the following main areas: The Manuscripts of Vita Sancti Columbae: the visual construction of the text: Considering the five surviving manuscripts of the first recension of VSC, but focussing especially on the earliest (Schaffhausen Stadtbibliothek Generalia 1, of near authorial date and Ionan provenance), this chapter considers how the visual presentation of VSC relates to its production and reproduction as a literary text. Page layout, illumination, the use of the Greek alphabet and different colours of ink and manuscript context are all discussed. Structure and Narrative Sequencing in Vita Sancti Columbae: VSC is not a chronologically-structured account of Columba’s life, but rather a hagiography made up of many short narratives that demonstrate his sanctity and power in different ways. These narratives are arranged thematically, with a basic tripartite structure, with one book concerned with prophecies, one with miracles and one with visions. The narratives within the three books are often arranged into small, tightly constructed clusters of related stories. This chapter is an investigation of both the overall structure of the work and the “micro-structure” of the sequencing of narratives. Language and Vita Sancti Columbae: This chapter explores Adomnán’s style as a Hiberno-Latin writer, including discussions of such techniques as hyperbaton, alliteration and variatio. Adomnán’s use of and attitudes to Greek and Hebrew are also explored, as is his use of and attitudes to Old Irish. Sex, Women and Violence in Vita Sancti Columbae: This chapter investigates Adomnán’s presentations of sexual behaviour, the role of women as givers of advice, and the violence inflicted on the innocent. Several of the narratives about violence clearly have a strong gendered dimension, and relate in interesting ways to Cáin Adomnáin, and they are discussed in this light. Dangerous Beasts in Vita Sancti Columbae: VSC contains several encounters with dangerous beasts of various kinds, some of which are not unambiguously identifiable. These episodes are studied in turn, including discussions about identifying the beasts, and investigating the functions that they have within the text. Vita Sancti Columbae and Cult Practice: The thesis concludes with an exploration of the roles VSC might have played in the life of the Columban familia. The use of blessed objects and relics within the text is studied, with suggestions as to their relation to cult practice. The final section concerns the possibility that certain parts of VSC were intended to be used in processions, or to be read with the active participation of an audience.

The thesis addresses issues related to the overbred population of feral pigeons (Columbia livia forma Domestica) in Czech towns. It approaches the subject from procedural, bureaucratic perspective. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors which affect the selection of methods of the feral pigeons' population regulation in four Czech towns: Special attention is devoted to the question whether the method of controlled city dovecotes, used to regulate pigeon populations, could come in useful in the Czech context. Research carried out for the thesis is qualitative; the data comes from semi-structured interviews with experts. Analysis of the collected data focuses on verification of authenticity of the provided information. Subsequently, effectiveness of cage entrapment, which considerably prevails over the other methods used, is considered in ethical, ecological, and economic respect. The thesis also surveys the health risk posed by the feral pigeon population to public and how views of the public concerning the issue affect the regulation process. The overall aim is to highlight the drawbacks of the decision making process, offer possible alternatives, and prompt more research.

This thesis studies ritual interactions between saints and the landscape, animals and elements during a three-hundred year period from 410 AD. Such interactions include negotiations about and with birds and other animals, exorcism of the sea, lakes and rivers, and immersion in these natural bodies of water for devotional purposes. Although writers of the period lacked a term such as 'nature' to describe this sphere of activity, it is demonstrated that the natural world was regarded as a dimension of creation distinctively responsive to Christian ritual. Systematic study of the context in which these rituals were performed finds close connection with missionary negotiations aimed at lay people. It further reveals that three British writers borrowed from Sulpicius Severus' accounts of eastern hermits, reworking older narratives to suggest that non-human aspects of creation were not only attracted to saints but were changed by and participated in Christian ritual and worship. Natural bodies of water attracted particularly intense interaction in the form of exorcism and bathing, sufficiently widely documented to indicate a number of discrete families of ritual were developed. In northern Britain, acute anxieties can be detected about the cultural and spiritual associations of open water, requiring missionary intervention to challenge pre-Christian narratives through biblical and liturgical resources, most notably baptism. Such a cosmological stretch appears to have informed a 'Celtic' deviation in baptismal practice that emphasised exorcism and bodily sacrifice. Nature rituals were a systematic response to the challenges of the British intellectual and physical landscapes, revealing the shape of an underlying missionary strategy based on mainstream patristic theology about the marred relationship between humans and the rest of creation. St Ambrose emerges as the most influential theologian at the time when the early church was shaping its British inculturation, most notably led by St Germanus' mission in 429.