This research has focussed on the development of a commercial business model (CBM) for providing tourism and support service based commercial activities in Victoria's national parks which also allowed for the protection of the parks natural values. National parks are vital if we as a nation are to retain our natural heritage - but the public sector land stewards of these important assets are facing increasing funding and user pressures. The result is a growing focus on the commercialisation of our national parks to provide services and generate the revenue required to maintain these assets. However, this has resulted in the exacerbation of a long existing conflict - these commercial operators are primarily focus on the achievement of a commercial return, while the land stewards' main responsibility is in the protection of the natural values of these assets. In completing this project an abductive research approach (using grounded theory) has been adopted. Specifically, the research activities undertaken included data collection via a number of techniques including stakeholder interviews, detailed examination of existing commercial arrangements, literature research on international approaches and models, development of a suggested commercial business model based on a synthesise of the research outcomes and, finally, obtaining user feedback. The use of the various data sources, and subsequent sourcing of user feedback facilitated the triangulation of the research results. The findings from this research challenge a number of the practices currently adopted in the structuring of commercial activities suggesting that these practices are inhibiting the quality of the service being provided to the national park visitor along with the level of protection being afforded to the parks natural values. The resulting CBM provides park managers with a framework for identification and structuring of commercial business activities, practical guidance on the actions required in the completion of a concession process and identification of a number of the relevant issues which need to be considered and addressed in establishing and managing a national park concession. The CBM has been developed specifically for application within Victoria's national parks (based on a public/private sector relationship). The output will also provide guidance on methods for embedding natural values on public/private sector relationships in other settings.

Dans ce travail nous avons cherché à mieux appréhender les effets des circulations sur le tissu urbain parisien entre le 15e et le premier tiers du 19e siècle, et en particulier à comprendre dans quelle mesure celui-ci évolue en fonction des interactions qui s'établissent à plusieurs échelles entre la matérialité urbaine et les potentialités d'échanges. La cartographie de plusieurs corpus de données planimétriques et écrites nous a permis de construire nos propres données géohistoriques, tandis que leur intégration dans un SIG en a rendu possible la comparaison. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence des processus différents selon l'échelle à laquelle nous étudions les formes et, à chaque fois, souligner le caractère particulier de l'évolution de la matérialité urbaine à proximité des zones de flux: forte densité du parcellaire et du bâti, reconfigurations fréquentes des circulations intra-îlot, fonction commerciale prépondérante et rythme d'évolution plus rapide. Ces particularités sont la conséquence des interactions systémiques qui s'établissent entre le bâti, la voie et le flux qu'elle supporte, et qui aboutissent à la densification du tissu urbain et à la résilience de la voie. L'attractivité du flux de circulation pour les activités commerciales est selon nous un des facteurs principaux de cette systémique, et, parce que le mode de fonctionnement des échanges commerciaux n'évolue que très peu entre le 15e et le 19e siècle à Paris, elle est aussi un des facteurs importants de la stabilité morphologique du tissu urbain parisien durant cette période. / In this work, we sought to understand effects of circulations on the Parisian urban fabric between the 15th and the first third of the 19th century, and, in particular, we sought to understand how it is evolving according to the interactions that develop at different scales between the materiality of the city and potentialities of exchange. The mapping of several corpus of planimetric and written data allow us to build our own geohistoric data, while theirs integration in a GIS bas made comparisons of results possible. This way, we were able to highlight different process according to scale choice for forms study, and, every time, to emphasize the particular character of the evolution of materiality of the city nearby traffic flow areas : high density of plots and buildings, frequent resetting of circulations inside blocks, preponderance of commercial activities and faster rhythm of change. These features are the consequence of systemic interactions that develop between buildings, streets and the traffic flow they bear, and lead to a densification of the urban fabric and street resilience. The attractiveness of the traffic flow for commercial activities is, according to us, one of the main factors of this systemic, and because there is little evolution in the operating mode of commercial activities between the 15th and the 19th century in Paris, it is also one of the main factors of morphology stability of urban fabric during this period.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of commercialization of civil society organizations, specifically the relationship between the social mission and the requirements of the market economy, which organizations encounter in the implementation of their own commercial activities. The research part of the work is a case study, which was carried out in the social enterprise Přestupní stanice as a hybrid form of civil society organization operating on the border of the non-profit sector and the market sector. Through a case study, the work seeks to understand the experience that managers have with situations where there is a confrontation between the social mission and the requirements of the market economy, whether they perceive this confrontation as conflict or not, and how to resolve a potential conflict. The research findings show that in the researched organization, commercialization in the form of the introduction of commercial activities serves to support goals and social mission, and both of these elements (fulfillment of social mission and implementation of commercial activities) complement each other, constantly balance and cannot be separated for functioning.

There is a research deficit in public administration. We do not adequately ask how the essential concepts of governments that are expressed in political thought are operationalized through administrative mechanisms and then implemented into practice. The current study began addressing this deficit by investigating how the notion of governing approaches has been treated in the political thought of Ronald C. Moe and Moe and Robert S. Gilmour and then exploring how the idea of governing approaches and another essential concept of government, that of inherently governmental, have been operationalized in the administrative device, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76. I utilized a longitudinal qualitative content analysis to determine whether there was support for a change in governing approaches from a Constitutionalist Governing Approach to an Entrepreneurial Governing Approach in the evolution of the meaning of inherently governmental as it was used in OMB Circular A-76, Performance of Commercial Activities, from 1966 to 2003. All the Circulars showed evidence of the Constitutionalist Governing Approach. The project repositions the notion of inherently governmental as a thick political concept, a normative, context-specific idea that a polity must address. It also proposes a research typology to guide investigations of these kinds of ideas. / Ph. D.