Access to computers, to mobile phones, and to data connectivity has opened new avenues of interaction and created expectations about the flattening of society brought about by these new modes of production. These technologies have enabled us to recognize many forms of community---from close knit social groups to individuals who merely co-habit public spaces---and to support interaction with each other in novel ways. The notion that modern digital technology holds promises of democratization by expanding access to information and broadening modes of knowledge production often fails to acknowledge that these benefits rely upon devices and infrastructure whose availability reflect socioeconomic contours; that the technologies that enable information access can also reinforce rather than obviate marginality due to barriers to access and suitability. This assessment points to opportunities for better understanding and better designing technologies for the marginalized or dispossessed. The research presented in this dissertation discusses the findings from empirical, theoretical, and design based investigations of technology use with the urban homeless. The empirical work provides a foundation for understanding current technology practices among the homeless and their care providers. The theoretical investigation develops Deweyan publics as a novel frame for participatory design. The design-based investigation presents findings from the design and deployment of the Community Resource Messenger at a shelter for homeless mothers. The results of this research shed light on impact of social computing platforms on social service provision and on the ways the staff and residents used the Community Resource Messenger as a resource for identifying common issues and taking action to contend with those issues.

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that contribute to online collaboration in a web-based course by investigating the impact and the potential of an online learning environment in terms of both the students&#039 / and instructor&rsquo / s perceptions about learner benefits, learner support, motivation, computer mediated communication, and group work. A mixed methods case study design was thought to be appropriate to match the purpose of the study, thus a combination of components normally found in descriptive, case study and qualitative research was used to analyze the data. The study was conducted in the context of &ldquo / CSIT444-Online Web Design&rdquo / , an online course offered by the Institute of Distance Education of East Mediterranean University (EMU) in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. This course was designed and developed by the instructor working at the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology of the Middle East Technical University located in Ankara and carrying out the classes for this course as online for the students at EMU. The participants were the instructor and 209 vocational education last year students, who participated in the course for three successive semesters, at the School of Computing &amp / Technology. In order to explore the perceptions of the students, they were asked to complete a questionnaire at the end of the each semester. Of the 209 participants 175 students ranked their agreement on each twenty eight five-point Likert-type item and 129 of them wrote also their comments about their online learning experience by answering the open-ended item in the questionnaire. Several interviews were conducted with the instructor using the informal conversational interview approach to explore his perceptions through his reflections on his online teaching experience in the web-based course. The perceptual student responses from the questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively. The responses to the open-ended item in the questionnaire and informal interviews were evaluated qualitatively to find out the emerging themes. In addition, the online learning environment offered in the web-based course was examined by using the instructional design framework. This study concluded that both the students and the instructor perceived the online collaborative learning/ experience positively by reporting that it was a beneficial and motivating experience with the availability of group work, CMC, and adequate support structure. Several specific factors that contributed to collaboration via CMC in the web-based course were identified under seven major topics. By considering these factors, it is hoped that the results will yield better solutions in terms of providing meaningful online learning experiences.

Thesis (M.Eng.(Computer Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83).

The high school pass rate, for mathematics, in South Africa is very low. This is particularly so in trigonometry functions. One of the possible factors leading to this is the traditional method of teaching and learning. This study was undertaken to determine whether the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) would influence students’ learning of trigonometry functions. In order to answer this question the teaching and learning instructions developed were based on activity theory (AT) and action, process, object, and schema (APOS) theory. The study followed a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental design with a pre- post-test approach. Since it was not possible to randomly select participants for the study, intact groups were used. There were two groups: a control and an experimental one. Both groups wrote a standardized achievement pre-test to establish their comparability at the beginning of the study. While the control group was taught in the traditional way (grade 10-12 syllabus), the experimental group used the software Geogebra. The computer software (Geogebra) and the South African grade 10-12 syllabus for trigonometry functions were used during the lessons of the experimental group. At the end of the study, a similar post-test was administered on both groups to measure the comparative effects of either of the teaching methods on the performance of students. A t-test independent sample statistical analysis was performed on the findings using a statistics package, SPSS. The results of this investigation indicated that the use of the computer software, Geogebra, in the teaching and learning of trigonometry functions improved the performance of the Grade 12 students. / Mathematics Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics Education)

O presente trabalho aborda o evento tomada de depoimento audiovisual a partir da metodologia de Estudo de Caso Etnográfico. Este estudo justifica-se pelas alterações processuais decorrentes do art. 187 do Código de Processo Penal, com redação incluída pela Lei n 10.792, de 01 de dezembro de 2003, que prescreve a maneira pela qual o magistrado deve realizar a inquirição do réu. A motivação para esta dissertação partiu da necessidade de se empregar nas pesquisas jurídicas novas perspectivas determinadas pelo princípio da transdisciplinaridade. Daí a utilização de pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da lingüística e da etnografia, que possibilitará transgredirmos tais fronteiras jurídicas, no intuito de arquitetar soluções possíveis a problemáticas complexos e atuais, como aquelas ligadas a Sociedade da Informação e a aplicação das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, nos procedimentos judiciais. O objetivo deste trabalho é a descrição do evento tomada de depoimento no processo eletrônico da justiça brasileira, comparando sempre que possível ao evento de tomada de depoimento tradicional, utilizando a descrição etnográfica da tomada de depoimentos, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Virgínia Colares, como parâmetro para nossa pesquisa. Quanto a metodologia empregada, trata-se de um Estudo de Caso Etnográfico descritivo-explicativo desenvolvido através de pesquisa observacional do evento tomada de depoimento audiovisual. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois estágios: o primeiro, observacional, o qual compreende as anotações do evento tomada de depoimento audiovisual; o segundo, descritivo-explicativo, que compreende a análise das principais características do processo eletrônico, mas destacadamente, da depoimento audiovisual do qual poderá envolver o uso de técnicas padronizadas de coleta de dados. Busca-se averiguar que o sistema tradicional de registro de depoimentos, com a redução a termo feita pelo juiz, após ouvir o depoente, é falha, pois não permite à complexidade do depoimento ser efetivamente refletida, no papel, não captando as expressões, as dúvidas, as certezas e outros aspectos relevantes do depoimento. O registro audiovisual dos depoimentos permite a superação de certas incompletudes da tomada de depoimentos com redução a termo, pois irá refletir com incomparável fidedignidade a totalidade do depoimento, e não apenas a impressão que o juiz instrutor dele teve e, de forma pessoal, transmitiu para o papel / This paper deals with the event taking testimony from the audiovisual methodology Ethnographic Case Study. This study is justified by procedural changes arising from art. 187 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, with the wording included by Law No. 10,792 of 1 December 2003, which prescribes the manner in which the judge must conduct the examination of the defendant. The motivation for this work came from the need to employ new perspectives in legal research determined by the principle of transdisciplinarity. Hence the use of theoretical and methodological assumptions of linguistics and ethnography, which will enable such transgress legal boundaries in order to devise possible solutions to complex problems and present, such as those related to Information Society and application of Information and Communication Technologies in proceedings. The objective of this work is the description of the event taking of testimony in the electronic process of Brazilian justice, comparing where possible to take the deposition event traditionally, using ethnographic description of the taking of testimony from the methodology developed by Virginia Necklaces, as parameter to our research. The methodology used, it is an Ethnographic Case Studyexplanatory descriptive observational research developed through the event making audiovisual testimony. The survey was conducted in two stages: first, observational, which includes the notes of testimony taken audiovisual event, the second descriptive, explanatory, which includes the analysis of the main features of the electronic process, but notably, the testimony of the audiovisual which may involve the use of standardized techniques for data collection. Search to find out that the traditional system of registration statements, by reducing the term made by the judge, after hearing the witness, is flawed because it does not allow the complexity of the testimony be effectively reflected in the paper, not capturing the expressions, doubts, certainties and other relevant aspects of the testimony. The audiovisual record of the testimony allows the overcoming of certain incompleteness of the taking of testimony with reduced term because it will reflect all with unmatched reliability of the testimony, not just the impression that the judge had his instructor and, personally, sent to paper

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar o discurso multissemiótico do usuário do Instagram o Instagramer- a partir da relação verbo-visual de suas postagens e, especificamente: identificar quem é o sujeito digital Instagramer; relacionar as marcas de presença do lnstagramer com estratégias de construção de sentidos por meio da relação verbo-visual do discurso multissemiótico; e verificar de que forma esse discurso contribui para uma nova visão social de sujeito digital que tece relações comunicativas e interativas em rede. Para isso, partimos de pressupostos teóricos fundamentados na semiótica da imagem (SANTAELLA, 2012, 2011, 2008) e dos estudos visuais (DOMÈNECH, 2011); do conceito de rede social (RECUERO, 2014), bem como da teoria da análise dialógica de sujeito do discurso (BAKHTIN, 2010, 2009) e da definição de Habitus (BOURDIEU, 2004). Tomamos como foco essa rede social Instagram, por acreditarmos que estamos num processo quase metabólico de imersão tecnológica, uma vez que os artefatos tecnológicos se tornaram, praticamente, extensões do sistema nervoso central humano. Em poucos anos, o desenvolvimento da comunicação digital tornou-se a base das relações cotidianas de comunicação, como previu Mcluhan na década de 1960. A realidade tornou-se algo capturável a partir de um clic nas mãos de qualquer amador que tenha um smartphone e que, em poucos segundos, torne a sua imagem um fato ou evento a ser curtido, comentado ou compartilhado. É a Era digital. Momento em que linguagem e tecnologia se aliam para a construção de sentidos e significados sociais, históricos, culturais e discursivos. Ocasião em que a relação verbo-visual entra em cena para servir de link num processo participativo, colaborativo e solidário de constituição de significados que se valem de elementos multissemióticos como base para a propagação da informação. Imersos nesse ambiente digital de interação, redes sociais como: Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, transformaram-se em espaços virtuais para comunhão de ideias, interesses e valores. Optamos por pesquisar sobre o Instagram, aplicativo para compartilhamento de fotos e vídeos, via sistema IOS, porque, devido à sua popularização em 2012, ele se tornou uma das redes sociais mais usadas para quem curte a relação multissemiótica entre palavra e imagem. Como proposta preliminar de estudo, e visando atingir os objetivos da pesquisa, realizamos uma pesquisa-piloto, em questionário digital, divulgado por e-mail e via Facebook, no período de 23 a 31 de maio de 2014, no qual foi avaliado o perfil dos usuários do Instagram. Em seguida, foram coletadas postagens referente à Copa no Brasil de 2014 (12 de junho a 13 de julho), evento este selecionado para compor o corpus da pesquisa devido à sua propagação midiática de copa das redes sociais. De porte do resultado do questionário e das postagens coletadas, realizamos as análises dos dados por meio da releitura das categorias apontadas por Santaella (2012) e concluímos que o discurso verbo-visual do Instagramer é o resultado de um processo criativo estético-discursivo que utiliza os elementos semióticos como base para a interação comunicativa e dialógica, tornando a imagem elemento autônomo fundamental para a tessitura das ações dos sujeitos digitais na interface dessa rede que atua como meio para a produção da informação. / The overall objective of this research is to analyze Instagram user - Instagramer -multimodal speech from verb-visual interface of posts and, specifically: to identify who is the digital subject Instagramer; to relate lnstagramers presence traces with meaning construction strategies through verbal-visual interface of multimodal speech; and verify how this speech contributes to a new social vision of digital subject who creates network communicative and interactive relationships.For this, we rely on theoretical assumptions based on image semiotics (SANTAELLA, 2012, 2011, 2008) and visual studies (DOMÈNECH, 2011); on social network concept (RECUERO, 2014) theory of subject speech dialogical analysis (BAKHTIN, 2010, 2009) and Habitus definition of (BOURDIEU, 2004).We focused on Instagram social network, because we believe we are almost in a metabolic process of technological immersion, since technological artifacts have become, practically, extensions of human central nervous system. In few years, digital communication development has become the basis of relations in everyday communication, as McLuhan predicted in the 1960s. Reality has become something "catchable" by clic in the hands of any amateur who processes a smartphone and, within seconds, make its image a fact or event to be enjoyed, commented or shared. It is the digital Era when language and technology are combined to build senses and social, historical, cultural and discursive meanings. Time when verbal-visual interface serve as a link in a participatory, collaborative and supportive process of constitution of meaning that make use of multimodal elements as basis for information spread. Immersed in this digital interaction environment, social networks like Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, have become virtual spaces for ideas, interests and values communion. We choose to research photos and videos sharing Instagram app, via IOS system, because, due to their popularity in 2012, it became one of most used social networks for those who "likes" the multimodal relationship between word and image. As a study preliminary proposal, and in order to achieve research objectives, we conducted a pilot survey, in digital questionnaire, released via email and Facebook, from 23th to 31th May 2014, in which we evaluated Instagramers profile. Then were collected posts referring to 2014 Brazil Cup (June 12th to July 13th), an event selected to compose research corpus because of its social networks media spreading. With questionnaire and collected posts results in hands, we conducted the data analysis through rereading of categories described by Santaella (2012) and concluded that Instagramer verb-visual speech is the result of an aesthetic-discursive creative process that uses semiotic elements as basis for communicative and dialogic interaction, making the image autonomous fundamental element in digital subjects actions making in that network interface that acts as a way for information production.

Essa pesquisa propõe a união de duas práticas que podem contribuir para a formação sociocultural de um indivíduo. De um lado a aquisição de uma língua, aqui, a inglesa em contexto escolar, a principal língua estrangeira aprendida na maioria das escolas ao redor do mundo, que é passível de ser reconhecida como língua internacional e vem desempenhando um papel importante com a possibilidade de um indivíduo ser entendido, parcialmente pelo menos, em quase todos os lugares, além de ser a língua predominante da mídia mundial, cinema, televisão, música e do mundo da informática, com ênfase na internet, mesmo em países em que o Reino Unido ou os Estados Unidos historicamente tiveram pouca influência; e do outro, a experiência estética do cinema, aqui representado pelos curtas-metragens, com produções que podem lançar luz sobre questões políticas e espirituais, bem como proporcionar catarses e (novas) perspectivas, abrindo nossos olhos para novas maneiras de pensar, de sentir, de viver e conviver. Além do mais, enfatiza-se que se utilizado adequadamente no contexto escolar, o curta revela-se uma ferramenta fantástica na aquisição da língua inglesa, ao passo que proporciona mais chances de um maior aproveitamento, entendimento, participação e assimilação tornando as aulas mais comunicativas e dinâmicas, indo além do estereótipo de que um filme em sala é apenas uma distração ou enrolação. Dessa maneira, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar curtas-metragens como recurso didático-pedagógico no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem de língua inglesa. Direcionado para a ação e para a autonomia do aluno, busca-se incitar estudantes, professores e profissionais de idiomas a (re)conhecer aspectos linguísticos e extralinguísticos na aprendizagem do inglês, bem como a importância da aliança entre aquisição linguística e cinema para a educação escolar com enfoque natural e comunicativo. A fundamentaçãoteórica se pautou em autores como Chomsky (2006, 1976), Skinner (1957) e outros para uma apresentação sobre aquisição linguística; Krashen (1987, 1985, 1983) e outros para discorrer sobre diferentes abordagens de ensino de idiomas em contextos de aprendizagem formais ou não, com ênfase na Abordagem Natural; Dolz e Schneuwly (2006), Haydt (2006), Hedge (2000) com considerações importantes sobre o uso de audiovisuais em sala de aulas de língua inglesa, inseridos em sequências didáticas; Biskind (2009) e outros para proporcionar uma reflexão acerca de um histórico/evolução do cinema com ênfase nas produções de Hollywood. A utilização dos curtas, como materiais autênticos pode se constituir em uma boa ferramenta para o ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, porque eles são interessantes, usam uma linguagem real, podem ser escolhidos para interesses individuais, ilustram o uso preciso da linguagem na cultura alvo, e podem ajudar os alunos a sistematizar sua fala em relação ao que vêem e ouvem nas telas. / This research proposes the union of two practices that can contribute to the sociocultural training of an individual. On the one hand the acquisition of English in educational contexts as the main foreign language learned in most schools around the world, which is likely to be recognized as an international language and has played an important role with the possibility of an individual to be understood, in part at least, in most places, besides being the predominant language of the world media, film, television, music and computers, with emphasis on the Internet, even in countries where the United Kingdom or the United States have historically had little influence; and on the other, the aesthetic experience of the cinema, represented here by short films, with productions that can shed light on political and spiritual issues as well as provide catharsis and (new) prospects, opening our eyes to new ways of thinking, feeling of living and coexisting. Moreover, it is emphasized that if shorts are used properly in the school context, they prove to be a fantastic tool in the acquisition of the English language, while providing more chances for a better use, understanding, participation and assimilation making the lessons more communicative and dynamic, going beyond the stereotype that a film in class is only a distraction or "stalling". Thus, this work has as main objective to investigate the use of short films as a teaching resource in English language acquisition classes. Directed to the action and the autonomy of the student, it seeks to incite students, teachers and language professionals to (re)learn linguistic and extralinguistic skills in learning English as well as the importance of the alliance between language acquisition and film for school education with a natural and communicative approach. The theoretical foundation was based on authors like Chomsky (2006, 1976), Skinner (1957) and others to a presentation on language acquisition; Krashen (1987, 1985, 1983) and others about different languages teaching approaches in formal learning contexts or not, with an emphasis on Natural Approach; Dolz and Schneuwly (2006), Haydt (2006), Hedge (2000) with important considerations on the use of audio-visual in English-speaking classrooms within didactic sequences; Biskind (2009) and others to provide a reflection on a history / evolution of cinema with an emphasis on Hollywood productions. The use of shorts, as authentic materials can constitute a good tool for teaching and learning languages because they are interesting, use a real language, can be chosen for individual interests, illustrate the precise use of language in the target culture, and can help students to systematize his speech about what they see and hear on screen.

A administração pública, em suas esferas de atuação, utiliza-se de mecanismos para intensificar e facilitar relações entre cidadãos e governos, por intermédio de inovações de processo. Com a utilização da internet, percebe-se a modernização e aproximação dos segmentos da sociedade com o governo, permitindo ofertar serviços públicos de forma eficiente e efetiva. Em vista disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar a percepção dos gestores públicos municipais na utilização do portal eletrônico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul quanto à inovação de processo. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa aplicada, quantitativa, descritiva por meio de survey, com 62 gestores municipais dos 497 municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultados observou-se que o portal eletrônico possibilita melhorias nos serviços públicos e agilidade, auxilia na elaboração de políticas públicas, melhora a interação da sociedade com o governo e a transparência dos atos públicos. Além disso, o portal eletrônico é visto como inovação de processos, que minimiza gastos da administração pública e dos usuários, e possibilita melhorias nos processos para o cidadão. Identificou-se ainda por meio de análise fatorial, que os fatores agruparam-se em três fatores, sendo eles tecnologia, processos, e interação, não apresentando diferenças entre os resultados dos grupos por mesorregiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Por fim, observou-se ainda que há correlação significativa entre Tecnologia e Processos (0,680), Tecnologia e a Interação (0,740), e Processos e a Interação (0,616), indicando que quanto melhores os resultados de um dos fatores na gestão pública, melhores serão os resultados dos demais fatores. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-09-29T19:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Andrea Simoni Kiekow.pdf: 1069075 bytes, checksum: c1733ad34ae6e364e81a4993622bac40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T19:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Andrea Simoni Kiekow.pdf: 1069075 bytes, checksum: c1733ad34ae6e364e81a4993622bac40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / The public administration, in its spheres of action, uses mechanisms to intensify and facilitate relations between citizens and governments, through process innovations. With the use of the Internet, the modernization and approximation of the segments of society with the government is perceived, allowing to offer public services in an efficient and effective way. In view of this, the present study aimed to identify the perception of municipal public managers in the use of the electronic portal of the State of Rio Grande do Sul regarding process innovation. For that, a quantitative descriptive survey was carried out with 62 municipal managers from the 497 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. As a result, it was observed that the electronic portal allows improvements in public services and agility, helps in the elaboration of Enhances society's interaction with government and the transparency of public acts. In addition, the e-portal is seen as process innovation, which minimizes public administration and user spending, and enables process improvements for the citizen. It was also identified by means of factorial analysis, that the factors were grouped in three factors, being technology, processes, and interaction, not presenting differences between the results of the groups by mesoregions of Rio Grande do Sul. Finally, it was observed although there is a significant correlation between Technology and Processes (0.680), Technology and Interaction (0.740), and Processes and Interaction (0.616), indicating that the better the results of one of the factors in public management, the better the results of the other factors.

Thesis (MTech(Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / To design from a human perspective rather than from existing technological opportunities, and involving multiple stakeholders with their different perspectives, is an important aspect of participatory design and user-centered design. This thesis project was an explorative study done on a wine estate, in the Western Cape, South Africa, to find novel ICT solutions, for supporting co-operation and planning between multiple and individual work tasks in the work practice. This research explored potentials to manage multiple stakeholders and use their different perspectives to inform design research. The thesis project shows the ethnographic research gathered through video shadowing, workshop results involving the users to contribute to the development of the design by acting with a projection, leading up to a design opening and further focused on the concept development with the stakeholders.The thesis proposes a simulated concept namely the Visual Calculator (VC). This system is designed to involve several participators within a work practice. It supports calculation activities for spraying and buying chemicals. It saves the user time by incorporating standard calculations to output needed information faster. It supports planning, management and record keeping aspects of the farm manager’s work practice in the vineyard spraying process. Although the concept was more fully developed for the farm manager, the VC involves two other work roles including the owner and foreman. The concept focuses on a human centered perspective, instead of making the system fully automated, giving users control and not controlling the users. For this to be successful work should be divided and have equal responsibilities, each stakeholder can contribute and value their part of the work, knowing where it fits in, why it is important and how it influences other aspects of the work practice. The research outcome involves, envisioning the future potentials of the design (VC), design for participation, a way to identify design openings, problem solving and conceptualizing by utilizing user’s strengths.

The effective and sustainable use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in education has become commonplace as it is necessary to keep up with demands of the 21st century. ICT in education has become a tool for the empowerment of both teachers and learners for better teaching and learning. Although various ICT strategies and initiatives are implemented across South Africa, no system-wide effective and sustainable ICT integration in schools has yet come about. The pace of integration is slow and teachers avoid using ICT in their teaching and learning practices due to insufficient training. The aim of teacher professional development (TPD) is to improve teachers’ ICT application skills and knowledge, as well as to enable teachers to integrate ICT effectively in their classroom practices. Principals play a vital role in leading school reform, implementing innovations and bringing about change. The widespread assumption that high-quality leadership is an essential dimension of successful school management, leads to the question of how principals can influence teachers’ effective and sustainable integration of ICT into classrooms through TPD activities. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the influence that principals have on teachers’ ICT integration through TPD. As school leadership is frequently cited as an essential for the successful integration of ICT into education, the very position of the principal is associated with authority, accountability and power. My initial research is based on Stoner’s (1999) Adapted Life Cycle Model of Learning Technology Integration. I used this model to illustrate the principals’ influence on teachers’ integration of ICT into education. From this review subsidiary questions emerged. Qualitative research through in-depth interviews formed the basis of an interpretative perspective, allowing principals to reflect on ICT integration, as well as their influence on teachers’ use of ICT. This study followed a basic grounded theory approach where I assumed an inductive stance and strived to derive meaning from the data in order to develop new theory. Pre-defined theoretical criteria determined the selection of the respondents to ensure validity of the data. The seven principals represented secondary schools across cultural and socio-economic levels. The perceptions and experiences of the principals were analysed, compared, and patterns of influence were identified. This study indicated that principals do not only influence the integration of ICT in classrooms through their leadership and management styles, but also through their attitude toward ICT integration, knowledge on related ICT and TPD issues, as well as their strategic thinking on ICT integration. Emerging findings on the role of the principal lead to new insights on the empowerment of teachers. The study resulted in a proposed theoretical framework that indicates the interrelatedness of the emerging patterns that influence the principals’ role through TPD. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted