The spatial structure of Cape Town is characterised by segregated low density development patterns and urban sprawling. With a high population growth rate and urbanisation, these patterns are becoming more prominent. Due to the spatial nature of Cape Town, a large proportion of economic activities and employment opportunities are concentrated in patches across the city. In order to combat low-density sprawl and integrate spatially separated areas the key concept ?city densification? and the various elements thereof emerged. The segregated low density city structure, the concentrated nature of economic and employment opportunities along with an ever increasing population and inadequate public transport system resulted in issues such as long average travel lengths, low accessibility by poorer communities, greater use of private vehicles, and a sharp rise in traffic congestion. With the implementation of the Integrated Rapid Transport System (IRT), an initiative to transform the public transport sector to integrate all modal options, the opportunity is rendered to address these environmental, social and economical issues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the City of Cape Town (CoCT) is utilising the full potential of the new Integrated Transport System currently being developed and implemented in Cape Town, namely the MyCiTi BRT System. It was determined that in terms of potential environmental benefits the CoCT, is utilising its full potential. Furthermore, although the potential social benefits were being utilised, the urgency of addressing social inequality is not reflected in the phased timeframe set out for the system. In terms of economic benefits, the options of using land-value add and environmental finance currently not sufficiently utilised and should be used to encourage a more sustainable public transport system. / Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Contemporary urban planning for the past decades has concentrated on sustainable development, for instance through the promotion of dense development (Echenique et al., 2012). Important components for sustainable urban development concerns increasing residential and building density, as means of counteracting the consequences of urban sprawl (Jenks and Jones, 2008). Because it is argued that high-residential density is more economically, environmentally and socially sustainable than low-density since a higher concentration of people contributes to for instance shorter transportation distances as well as makes services and amenities more economically viable  (Frey, 1999; Haughton and Hunter, 2004). However, whether the densification of cities has desirable or undesirable social, economic and ecological impacts is highly contested. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socioeconomic outcomes of the urban densification process in the Lundby District, Gothenburg, over time. Through a mixed method approach, statistical information for Lundby District, for the years 2008 to 2015 have been processed and two semi-structured interviews with employees in the City Planning Authority and Lundby District Administration were conducted. The densification in Lundby presents certain strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. As more than 6300 new housing units has been constructed during this time-period, and more is to come in the near future, Lundby experienced a repopulation as the housing construction has facilitate a population increase of more than 11 000 new inhabitants. However, as the favored tenure developed during this time-period been condominiums certain weaknesses exist. Nonetheless, densification and the rapid increase in population has contributed to the number of vehicle per 100 inhabitants decreasing, which presents opportunities for being more environmentally friendly. On the other hand the claim that through densification could diversity and social mixing be achieved is flawed, as seen in Lundby the densification process has brought changes in population structure and socioeconomic characteristics, which suggest some form of gentrification is occurring.

This thesis deals with development of location which lies in close distance of historical center of Moravská Ostrava. Area of interest lies on south end of city part Moravská Ostrava a Přívoz. It is defined by streets K Trojhalí, Místecká, railways no. 321 nd 323 and by Ostravice river. The main aim was to design new part of city and create a strategy of its development which reacts to the actual trends of city development. It is also crutial for creating a „bridge“ between two cultural and educational centers of the city – between historical part of Moravská Ostrava and currently forming new center in listed technical area Dolní oblast Vítkovice.

The goal of the diploma thesis is to design a form of redeveloped urban area adjacent to the historical city centre of Brno. The design follows the tradition of the compact city and its development from the medieval age until the 19th century. Mixed functions, preference of non-motorised and public transport, vital shopping streets with greenery, permeability and spaces without barriers are characteristics for the proposed city of short distances. The design has its own distinctive approach to the plot, conceptually differing from the valid local development plan. I do not believe that the important animating impulse for the underdeveloped district of Brno-Zábrdovice should consist of tearing down existing buildings and replacing them with a new thoroughfare duplicating the internal city ring road.

För att uppnå hållbara livsstilar finns idén om en tät, sammanhållen och funktionsblandad stadsutveckling som ett ideal. Således ses att bygga en tät stad som en riktning mot att bygga hållbart, både inom den sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska aspekten. Problemet som denna studie vill belysa är att det inte finns en enhetlig och tydlig definition av vad socialhållbarhet innebär i en stad. Trots detta kopplas begreppet täthet till social hållbarhet.Syftet med uppsatsen är således att utveckla en djupare förståelse för hur begreppen socialhållbarhet och täthet förhåller sig till varandra i kommunal planering. Vidare ska begreppen undersökas var för sig för att påvisa sambandet mellan täthet till social hållbarhet. Arbetet avgränsas geografiskt till Örebro kommun. Detta för att Örebro kommun är omnämnd för sin handlingsplan för hur Örebro stad ska förtätas enligt Boverkets idéskrift “Rätt Tätt”.Frågeställningen ifrågasätter hur täthet och social hållbarhet förhåller sig till varandra i kommunal planering. För att besvara frågeställningen ställs två underfrågor kring hur Örebro kommun förhåller sig till täthet respektive social hållbarhet på översiktsplanenivå. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten utgår ifrån definitionen av begreppen täthet och socialhållbarhet, då dessa anses vara relevanta utgångspunkter. Med hjälp av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna har sambandet mellan den fysiska planeringen och människans sociala livundersökts. Resultaten visar att en tät stad och social hållbarhet påverkar och bidra till varandra. Genom arbete mot att skapa en tät stadsstruktur kan med andra ord en ökad social hållbarhet uppnås. Även om den fysiska planeringen används för att förbättra sociala faktorer kan den inte som enskild faktor garantera ett visst utfall, utan endast skapa förbättrade möjligheter och förutsättningar är att uppnå en ökad social hållbarhet.

Urban planning research and practice provides forceful evidence that urban place-making processes should not be driven by experts and planning professionals alone: they should also build on the experiential knowledge and values of lay citizens. Experience shows that the construction of the green, compact, and healthy city fostered by sustainable development policies requires considering how places are used and valued by all relevant stakeholders. SoftGIS is a form of web-based Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) that provides both a method and tools for mapping the values that people attach to places and for integrating these in professional urban planning practice. This report focuses on three softGIS tools: Mapita’s Maptionnaire, Spacescape’s Bästa Platsen, and SKL’s Geopanelen. Five case studies from Finland and Sweden are analysed so as to discuss some of the main substantive issues surrounding the uptake of softGIS applications urban planning practice and decision-making, particularly in the context of urban densification measures. In so doing, the extent to which softGIS can support dialogue between lay citizens and planning professionals is assessed, with a focus on urban ecosystem services in green areas. It is demonstrated that the potential of softGIS to help broaden communities of practice in urban planning hinges on a conducive institutional context for public participation and dialogue. Furthermore, it is argued that the use of softGIS tools is optimised when it is integrated in a comprehensive multifunctional toolbox that combines both physical and digital forms of public participation.

This research analyses attitudes to urban green spaces within the framework of compact city development models, using Uppsala as a case study and investigating the tension between growth and preservation. Compact city literature strongly promotes the importance of green space within urban environments for both social and ecological wellbeing and highlights what becomes an increasing requirement for this as populations within urban areas are densified, which is a concomitant goal of compact city models. Yet in Uppsala, a contradiction appears whereby the municipality has firmly embraced a compact city model of development yet urban green areas are still being developed. This thesis first provides an environmental history of development and planning within Uppsala, highlighting the socio-ecological forces that co-create urban environments. An examination of the comprehensive planning policy documents over the last thirty years is performed which aligns the plans of Uppsala Municipality with the key features of the compact city model. Interviews were also conducted with three relevant actors from the municipality and the discourse was analysed. A combined analysis of the plans and the interviews results in an understanding and interpretation of the approach of the municipality to urban green spaces along with the creation of narratives around development and planning that look to explain Uppsala’s decisions around urban green spaces. The conclusions are that growth appears to take precedence over preservation of green space, both discursively and practically, and that the balance is towards the socio-economic in defining development. This is discussed in relation to ideas of hegemony, neoliberalism, andsustainable development.

The Freedom square in Znojmo was the task to solve. It was solved as a urbanistic - architectural study of the public space in a very bad state. An analysis of the state was a part of this work and as apart of the pre-diploma study. The area is set on the northen part of the historic center of the own of Znojmo. The main problem is the transport, for people unfreandly and illegible public space, calle the Freedom sguare, the contact of the different urbanistic structures, used just for parking the cars and growing the grass. The sollution slows down the transport, connects the green parts of the town. The space is designed to be friendlier and more pleasant and safe for people. The houses are designed as multifunctional with shops and living. the place must be atractive for walkers and bikers. The bikecenter, market place and the first rate of the design of this area will be atractive for people.The place is good forrelaxing and safe moving as well.

City block in different way. Looking for alternative to classic block in new Old Brno in the place of former Kras areal. City instead factory – design of living complex which answer presumption of functional city thanks to its polyfunction. The complex looks as one block from outside and inside is a small town with its squares, roads, semi-private spaces… Compact in meaning of putting layers because compactness is not about closeness of houses but closeness of people.

The topic of my thesis is living in the old Brno in the cadastral area of Old Brno . Currently selected area on the map of brownfiedlu of Brno and the question of his fate has become a hot topic. For the design of a successful revitalization area is necessary to think not only the local context , but also over the issue of sustainable development across the board , in the context of the current situation in the company and its vision of the future . Therefore, in my thesis I try to answer the upcoming questions . 1 / What today is sustainability ? 2 / As , influenced by the ideas of sustainability , access to urban planning ? 3 / Which new role and function should be proposed territory ? 4 / As a suggestion area involved in the existing urban structure ? 5 / How to turn onset territory in a sustainable , vibrant and healthy urban structure ? In spatial planning , I emphasized in terms of sustainable development into two functions . On the one hand, promote the development and direction needed to remove the obstacles . On the other hand, to protect the natural and cultural values of the area , which are irreplaceable and non-renewable . Both tasks I tried to balance because of slipping into one extreme, could block the necessary economic and social development or, conversely, to promote development without hindrance , while I was forced to sacrifice irreplaceable natural and cultural assets . There are more models of sustainable urban forms , but some feature are common . I decided in its proposal to create a compact urban structure with multiple functions and interconnection network of streets with the support of the public transport system , quality control environment and a high level of local government and the incorporation of green with the use of passive solar gains .