In this thesis, we have investigated several computational methods on data assimilation for air quality prediction, especially on the characteristic of sparse matrix and the underlying information of gradient in the concentration of pollutant species. In the first part, we have studied the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for chemical species simulation in air quality forecast data assimilation. The main contribution of this paper is to study the sparse data observations and make use of the matrix structure of the Kalman filter updated equations to design an algorithm to compute the analysis of chemical species in the air quality forecast system efficiently. The proposed method can also handle the combined observations from multiple species together. We have applied the proposed method and tested its performance for real air quality data assimilation. Numerical examples have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed computational method for Kalman filter update, and the effectiveness of the proposed method for NO2, NO, CO, SO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 in air quality data assimilation. Within the third part, we have set up an automatic workflow to connect the management system of the chemical transport model - CMAQ with our proposed data assimilation methods. The setup has successfully integrated the data assimilation into the management system and shown that the accuracy of the prediction has risen to a new level. This technique has transformed the system into a real-time and high-precision system. When the new observations are available, the predictions can then be estimated almost instantaneously. Then the agencies are able to make the decisions and respond to the situations immediately. In this way, citizens are able to protect themselves effectively. Meanwhile, it allows the mathematical algorithm to be industrialized implying that the improvements on data assimilation have directly positive effects on the developments of the environment, the human health and the society. Therefore, this has become an inspiring indication to encourage us to study, achieve and even devote more research into this promising method.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:06:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cr_me_bauru.pdf: 1744437 bytes, checksum: 840f4ce118445e06a98739ba74de8824 (MD5) / Neste trabalho buscamos, após gerar simulações computacionais usando a teoria DFT e como instrumento o programa Crystal09, na supercélula de 32 átomos do GaN, comparar a estrutura não otimizada com a otimizada, a fim de compreender suas principais diferenças. Em uma segunda etapa da pesquisa, analisamos os efeitos das vacâncias de átomos de gálio e de nitrogênio em mais de um átomo na mesma estrutura, simulando defeitos nesse material. Por fim, estudamos os efeitos indiretos da variação da temperatura no gap de energia. Pudemos concluir que, em relação a energia total e o valor do gap de energia, as estruturas otimizada e não otimizado apresentam valores muito próximos, não apresentando muitas vantagens o processo de otimização. Em alguns casos, o material tornou-se degenerado do tipo p ou n, de acordo com a vacância apresentada. Simulamos e analisamos os efeitos que o aumento da temperatura causa nos valores dos parâmetros a e c na célula unitária, determinando o gap de energia, pudemos observar a sua diminuição, favorecendo a condutividade elétrica do material / In this research we seek, after generating computer simulations using the DFT theory and the Crystal09 program as a tool in the supercell of 32 atoms of GaN, compared to non-optimized structure with optimized in order to understand their differences. In a second stage of the research, analyzed the effects of vacancies and gallium atoms of nitrogen in more than one atom in the same structure, simulating defects in this material. Finally, we study the indirect effects of temperature variation in the energy gap. We concluded that, in relation to total energy and the value of the energy gap, the optimized and non-optimized structures have very similar values, not presenting many advantages the optimization process. In some cases, the material became degenerate p-type or n-type, in accordance with the vacancy appears. We simulate and analyze the effects that the increase in temperature causes the values of the unit cell parameters a and c, determining the energy gap, we could observe its decrease, favoring the electrical conductivity of the material

From the requirements of the Ionosonde digitisation project, undertaken by Rhodes University Antarctic Research Group, it was decided to use the Fast Fourier Transform to compute the spectrum analysis. Several FFT algorithms are reviewed and properties discussed, and the Ccoley Tukey algorithm chosen for utilization. The hardware implementation of this algorithm, and the microprogram control of the whole system are discussed in detail, and such design aspects that required computer simulation are also treated in detail. The final testing of the analyser is shown, and includes a test using data from an ionosonde sounding. The conclusions contain details of extensions to the analysers present operation, required by plans to place the whole Chirpsounder under microprocessor control

Rings is one of six disciplines in Men's Artistic Gymnastics. Judging criteria stipulate that a routine must incorporate two swinging elements completed in a motionless handstand. Performing backward and forward longswings in a routine fulfils this requirement. During both types of longswing, gymnasts typically use large angle changes at their hip and shoulder joints and move their arms laterally. Previous studies have ignored these three-dimensional arm movements, possibly neglecting a crucial aspect of technique. Using a computer simulation model this study investigated the contributions of hip and shoulder elevation angle changes and lateral arm movements to the performance of backward and forward longswings. A three-dimensional video and cable tension analysis of several backward and forward longswings performed by two elite gymnasts was conducted. The data provided accurate three-dimensional descriptions of backward and forward longswing techniques and the forces experienced by the gymnasts. In addition, data describing deformations of the rings frame and the extension of the gymnast were determined. A simulation model representing the three-dimensional movements of the rings cables and arms of a gymnast was developed. The model represented the right side of the gymnast and rings apparatus and comprised five segments: rings cable, arm, torso with head, thigh, and shank with foot. Damped linear springs represented the elasticity of the apparatus and gymnast. The model was evaluated against actual backward and forward longswing performances of two elite gymnasts. Actual joint angle time histories describing the gymnasts' techniques, together with subject specific inertia parameters, were used for this procedure. The RMS differences between values estimated by the model and actual values for the orientation of the gymnast and rings cable, the cable tension and the body extension were 4.3°, 2.1°,161N and 0.1 m respectively. The evaluated model was used to determine the contributions of each aspect of technique to the performance of longswings. Hip and shoulder elevation angle changes are important in producing the required rotation of the gymnast in both types of longswing. Without these components of technique the gymnast generated up to 113° less rotation. Lateral arm movements performed during backward longswings resulted in 40% less shoulder elevation torque required to complete the element and a 0.8 bodyweights decrease in peak force experienced at the shoulder joints. When lateral arm movements were omitted during forward longswings the gymnast produced 49° less rotation, and failed to reach the final handstand. This study shows that lateral arm movements make an important contribution to the performance of longswings on rings.

A thesis submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Master's degree in Technology: Mechanical Engineering at Technikon Natal, 2002. / Existing CAD systems cannot satisfy all the requirements of 'real' design. Many designers would like to have more powerful and capable CAD systems. 'Real' design is a complex activity involving different types of problems thus a CAD system must be a general purpose system so that it can support all aspects of design including that of motion analysis. / M

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14623号 / 工博第3091号 / 新制||工||1460(附属図書館) / 26975 / UT51-2009-D335 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 大村 善治, 准教授 松尾 哲司, 准教授 酒井 道 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

M.Ing. / An optimization system, consisting of a water office database, monitoring stations, communication system and simulation model is described. The main objective of the optimization system is to minimize management related distribution losses in irrigation canals. The optimization system can be implemented in parts, or as a whole, depending on the requirements of the user. This property makes it flexible and facilitates systematic implementation on an irrigation scheme. The water office database which was developed on an IBM-PC promotes computerization of the water register and facilitates compilation of water accounts. Input hydrographs can also be recalculated on short notice. The monitoring stations consist mainly of waterloggers and sensors which record waterdepth as a function of time. These stations can be telemetrically connected to a computer in the water office. The telemetric connection makes it possible to monitor canal operation from the water office and can _be used as an aid in water loss control. The recording stations play an important roll in the calibration of the simulation model. The simulation model was also developed on an IBM-PC and simulates unsteady non-uniform flow of water in irrigation canals. The simulation of unsteady non-uniform flow of water in irrigation canals consists of the solution of the St Venant equations which were discretized with the aid of the Preissmann scheme. The model can simulate a number of watertakeoffs and is only restricted to a maximum of 1300 takeoffs per canal. Changing slope, changing roughness, manual and upstream controlled sluices, pressure controlled and manual turnouts, weirs, transition losses, discharge and waterdepth as a function of time at the end of the canal, free overflows, any .change in cross section and any losses in the form of seepage and evaporation can also be taken into account. The five different types of sections which can be handled are trapeziodal, rectangular, circular, triangular and parabolic sections. Flow in irregular cross sections of rivers can be simulated by storing cross section properties in table format. Waterflow in pipelines and rectangular culverts can also be simulated over short distances. The output of the computer program at each node is available in the form of hydrographs, with a choice of output to a printer or screen. The time dependant variables that can be examined are discharge, waterdepth, velocity and cross sectional area of flow.

No description available.

This thesis presents a Virtual Sculpting system, which addresses the problem of Free-Form Solid Modelling. The disparate elements of a Polygon-Mesh representation, a Directly Manipulated Free-Form Deformation sculpting tool, and a Virtual Environment are drawn into a cohesive whole under the mantle of a clay-sculpting metaphor. This enables a user to mould and manipulate a synthetic solid interactively as if it were composed of malleable clay. The focus of this study is on the interactivity, intuitivity and versatility of such a system. To this end, a range of improvements is investigated which significantly enhances the efficiency and correctness of Directly Manipulated Free-Form Deformation, both separately and as a seamless component of the Virtual Sculpting system.

Typescript (photocopy).