English is a global language with hundreds of millions of speakers all over the world. In Sweden,English is one of the most important subjects in primary and upper secondary school. As a guideand supplement, many teachers use textbooks in their teaching, but not much research has beenconducted on the contents of textbooks and how it may influence students’ worldview.This study aims to investigate how different speakers of English are constituted in four textbooksfrom English level 5 in the Swedish upper secondary school. The purpose of the study is to shedlight on possible problems that might arise with unreflected use of textbooks and it is based ondiscourse theory and the Concentric Circles Model. The authors reach the conclusion that thetextbooks constitute a reality where the traditional core of native English speaking countriesdominates the English-speaking world. Furthermore, the analysed textbooks were found not tofollow several of the directives set down in the national curriculum. Hopefully this study willcontribute to broaden the research field of textbook analysis in Sweden.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the behavior of the process of water infiltration in the soil, in a portion forested with eucalyptus, in a legal reserve and native field with conventional pasturage, in the characteristic zone of Pampa Biome. The investigation occurred in hillsides that presented different uses of the soil in two experimental small watershed, one is a native pasturage area with 21 hectares occupied by cattle breeding, and another with 95 hectares of Eucalyptus silviculture, the last one is a Permanent Preservation Area and Legal Reserve.The small watersheds are located in the city of Rosário do Sul RS, and they have similar characteristics in the soil, precipitation rate and relief. For each soil usage, there were considered two positions (superior and inferior height) in the same hillside to characterize the infiltration in the ground profile. There were performed a total of 48 infiltration test using concentric rings infiltrometers with distinct weather condition, and the trial values modeled from the Horton, Kostiakov and Kostiakov- Lewis equations. There were collected soil samples in each area, with preserved and misshapen structure to obtain the soil physical parameters as density, porosity (macro, micro and total), texture (clay, silt and sand) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Among the tested models, the Horton model represented in a satisfactory way the adjustment of the observed infiltration rate. In the three areas of this study, we observed that the relief position influenced the infiltration capacity, and the higher infiltrations rate have occurred in the inferior heights. The component of the Horton If model, corresponding to the basic infiltration can be used as an indicator of the impact of the soil usage on hydrological processes. The forestry area with Eucalyptus silviculture has a infiltration rate significantly higher than the Legal Reserve and the Native Field with Pasturage, respectively. Therefore we can affirm that, in this experiment, we noticed variations in the infiltration capacity due to the alteration in the soil usage. / O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento do processo de infiltração de água no solo, em parcela florestada com eucalipto, em reserva legal e campo nativo com pastoreio convencional, em região característica do Bioma Pampa. A investigação ocorreu em encostas que apresentam diferentes usos do solo em duas microbacias experimentais, uma de pastagem nativa com 21 ha, ocupada por criação extensiva de gado, e outra de silvicultura de Eucalyptus spp. com 95 ha, contendo Área de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal. As microbacias localizam-se no município de Rosário do Sul/ RS, e possuem características semelhantes de solo, regime de precipitação e relevo. Para cada uso do solo, foram consideradas duas posições (cota superior e inferior) na mesma vertente para a caracterização da infiltração do perfil no relevo. Foram realizados em dois períodos com condições do tempo distintas entre si, um total de 48 testes de infiltração por meio de infiltrômetro de anéis concêntricos e os valores dos ensaios modelados, a partir das equações de Horton, Kostiakov e Kostiakov-Lewis. Em cada área, foram coletadas amostras de solo, com estrutura preservada, e estrutura deformada para obtenção dos parâmetros físicos do solo, como densidade, porosidade (macro, micro e total), textura (argila, silte e areia) e a condutividade hidráulica saturada. Dentre os modelos testados o modelo Horton representou de forma satisfatória o ajuste da taxa de infiltração observada. Nas três áreas estudadas observou-se que a posição no relevo influenciou na capacidade de infiltração, sendo que nas cotas inferiores ocorreram as maiores infiltrações. O componente do modelo de Horton If, correspondente a infiltração básica pode ser utilizado como indicador de impacto do uso do solo nos processos hidrológicos. A área florestada com silvicultura de eucalipto possui uma taxa de infiltração significativamente maior que a área de reserva legal e a área de campo nativo com pastoreio, respectivamente. Desse modo pode-se afirmar que, neste experimento, perceberam-se variações na capacidade de infiltração, devido a alterações de uso do solo.

Orientador: Luiz Eduardo Barreto Martins / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T19:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Muramatsu_LucioVitorelli_M.pdf: 2705726 bytes, checksum: 4fa3509cfece4d833e50560b76383887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar alterações neuromusculares e biomecânicas induzidas por diferentes velocidades de execução durante o ciclo de alongamento-encurtamento (CAE) realizado de forma contínua. Doze homens (25,0 ± 3,0 anos, 1,80 ± 0,05 m, 79,6 ± 8,8 kg e 8,0 ± 3,2% de gordura corporal) e três mulheres (29,0 ± 3,0 anos, 1,60 ± 0,06 m, 61,6 ± 2,1 kg e 17,1 ± 2,5% da gordura corporal) participaram do estudo. Os voluntários realizaram 3 protocolos com distintas velocidades de execução. O controle das velocidades foi realizado pelo tempo destinado à execução de cada CAE (Lento = 4 s, Médio = 2 s e Rápido = 1 s por ciclo). Cada protocolo consistiu de 20 repetições (CAE) com 10% de 1RM e 5 min de intervalo, realizados no exercício de extensão do joelho. Velocidade angular, aceleração angular, torque e eletromiografia de superfície (EMG) dos músculos vasto lateral, vasto medial e reto femoral foram acessadas. A execução do CAE em altas velocidades requer alta desaceleração no final das ações excêntricas (EXC) e alta aceleração no início das ações concêntricas (CON), aumentando assim o torque e a atividade EMG nesses momentos. Durante o protocolo Rápido, a atividade EMG da EXC foi maior que a CON. A maior produção de torque e atividade EMG no final da EXC potencializa o início da CON, diminuindo a atividade EMG nessa fase do movimento. Portanto, o CAE realizado com altas velocidades de execução (~160°/s) aumenta a eficiência neuromuscular no começo da CON, induzindo maior atividade EMG durante a ação EXC em comparação com a CON / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuromuscular and biomechanical changes induced by different speed-controlled stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs). Twelve men (24.8 ± 2.9 years, 1.80 ± 0.05 m, 79.6 ± 8.8 kg, and 8.0 ± 3.2% of body fat) and three women (29.0 ± 3.6 years, 1.60 ± 0.06 m, 61.6 ± 2.1 kg and 17.1 ± 2.5% of body fat) participated in the study. The three different speed-controlled SSCs (Slow = 4 s, Medium = 2 s and Fast = 1 s per cycle), were performed on the knee extension machine, consisting of 20 repetitions (SSCs) with 10% of 1RM and 5 min rest. Angular velocity and acceleration, torque and Surface EMG of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles were recorded. During the Fast, EMGRMS of the eccentric (ECC) phase was higher than in the concentric (CON). The acceleration, torque and EMG activity increased in the later phase of the ECC and in the early phase of the CON. Higher torque production and EMG activity in the later part of ECC potentiates the early phase of CON, decreasing EMG activity of these action. Therefore, fast SSCs (160°/s) increases neuromuscular efficiency of CON and induces higher EMG activity in ECC compared to CON / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

Les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques présentent une majoration de la fatigue perçue et de la fatigabilité. Mais à l’heure actuelle, la fatigabilité chez les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques a été peu étudiée ; son rôle comme facteur limitant des capacités fonctionnelles, ses spécificités par rapport aux sujets sains ou encore sa réponse à des programmes de rééducation restent des questions en suspens. De plus, la fatigabilité a été principalement étudiée lors de contractions isométriques maintenues qui sont peu représentatives des activités de la vie quotidienne des patients, au cours desquelles une part importante des contractions des extenseurs du genou est réalisée en dynamique, en particulier, durant la locomotion.L’objectif de ce travail était de caractériser la fatigue et la fatigabilité des patients atteints de SEP au cours de contractions maximales volontaires isocinétiques concentriques, de connaitre les liens avec les performances locomotrices et d’explorer leurs adaptations à un programme de rééducation combiné. Pour répondre à cet objectif, une évaluation isocinétique associée à une analyse électromyographique lors d’une tâche fatigante de 50 contractions isocinétiques concentriques a été menée.L’originalité de ce travail repose sur l’analyse de la fatigabilité lors d’une tâche concentrique mettant ainsi en évidence le phénomène de tâche dépendance des mécanismes impliqués dans la fatigabilité puisque les résultats vont à l’encontre des précédentes études, réalisées au cours de contractions isométriques, chez les patients atteints de SEP. En effet, nous avons mis en évidence une moindre fatigabilité des patients atteints de SEP par rapport aux sujets sains. La baisse de la performance est expliquée dans les deux populations par une baisse de l’efficacité neuromusculaire sans modification des coactivations. Les résultats ont également souligné l’absence de lien entre la fatigue, la fatigabilité et les performances locomotrices. Par ailleurs, la fatigue est significativement diminuée suite à un programme de rééducation combiné alors que la fatigabilité est augmentée, résultat d’un gain de force à l’état de base sans modification de la force en situation de fatigue. Ce travail est une étape qui met en évidence la nécessité de standardiser les évaluations de la fatigabilité et d’élaborer des protocoles de rééducation visant à diminuer la fatigabilité chez les patients atteints de SEP. / Patients with multiple sclerosis manifest a higher level of perceived fatigue and fatigability. But so far, fatigability in patients with multiple sclerosis has been little studied, its role as a limiting factor of functional abilities, its specificities in comparison with healthy people and also its adaptations to rehabilitation remain unresolved issues. Furthermore, fatigability has been mainly studied during sustained isometric contractions that are unrepresentative of patients’ daily life activities during which a large part of the knee extensor muscles contractions are performed during dynamic contractions, particularly during locomotion. The aim of this study was to characterize fatigue and fatigability of patients with multiple sclerosis during maximal isokinetic concentric voluntary contractions: to explore the relationship with locomotor performance and their adaptations to a rehabilitation combined program. To that aim, an isokinetic assessment associated with an electromyographic analysis was carried out during a fatiguing task of 50 concentric contractions. The originality of this research is based on the analysis of fatigability during concentric contractions that highlights the task dependency of the mechanisms involved in fatigability since the results refute previous studies performed with sustained contractions. Indeed, we showed a lower fatigability in patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy subjects. The decrease in performance was explained in the two populations by a decrease of neuromuscular efficiency without change in coactivations. The results highlighted a lack of relationship between fatigue, fatigability and locomotor performance. Furthermore, after a combined rehabilitation program, fatigue was significantly reduced while fatigability was increased, resulting both from a gain of strength in baseline state and a lack of change of strength in fatigued state. This research is a step that highlights the need to standardize fatigability assessments and develop rehabilitation program to reduce fatigability in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds are ubiquitous, and some of them are hazardous. The ability to rapidly detect and identify trace levels of them in air has become increasingly important. The conventional device used today for sampling and concentrating them in air is thermal desorption tubes filled with specific sorbents, which can only collect air samples at flow rates of 100-200 mL/min. In order to detect low concentration (ppt level) VOC compounds, long sampling time (>2 h) and sensitive detection are required. At the same time, portable instrumentation for on-site analysis has been developing rapidly. The somewhat lower performance of portable instruments compared to benchtop systems requires the sampling of even greater sample volume in order to reach the same detection limits. In this study, two high flow rate air sampling devices, i.e., a multi-capillary trap and a concentric packed trap, were developed to sample a large volume of air in a short time period. The multi-capillary trap was constructed by bundling analytical capillary gas chromatography columns together in parallel. As low as single digit ppt detection limits were reached in less than 25 min with this trap, and as high as 8.0 L/min flow rate was sampled. The simple and compact multi-capillary trap could be easily used with a conventional thermal desorption system to perform high flow rate sampling. A concentric packed high flow rate trap was also developed by packing sorbent layers concentrically around an empty tube. The concentric packed trap achieved a high flow rate (>10 L/min) because it had a high surface area and short sorbent bed. Also, its large sorbent amount (>1 g) provided large breakthrough volume (>100 L) required to achieve low detection limits. An equilibrium distribution sampling system was developed by absorbing selected analytes in granular PDMS to provide calibration for on-site instrumentation. Furthermore, a needle trap device was coupled in tandem to both high flow rate air samplers to perform second-stage concentration of VOCs down to the ppt level. Concentration factors of 104 to 105 were achieved within 30 min using both systems, i.e., over 10 to 100 times more sample was collected compared to conventional TD systems.

Diplomová práca je zameraná na popísanie prúdenia tekutiny medzikruhovým potrubím. Tok tekutiny je skúmaný pri viacerých podmienkach, čo vedie k laminárnemu ale aj turbulentnému prúdeniu. Práca obsahuje rešeršnú časť, ktorá opisuje doteraz známe vzťahy popisujúce daný typ prúdenia a takisto skúma spôsoby merania rýchlostného profilu v medzikruhových medzerách. Nasledujúca časť obsahuje návrh výpočtového modelu, popis simulácií prúdenia pri konkrétnych podmienkach a ich vyhodnotenie. Výsledky zo simulačnej časti sú použité pri popise charakteristických vlastností turbulentného prúdenia v medzikruží. Tieto charakteristiky sú použité v ďalšej časti práce, ktorá je cielená na získanie analytického vzťahu, ktorý by popisoval časovo stredovaný rýchlostný profil turbulentného prúdenia v medzikruhovej medzere.

Low dimensional semiconductor structures are modeled using techniques from the field of many-body atomic physics. B-splines are used to create a one-particle basis, used to solve the more complex many-body problems. Details on methods such as the Configuration Interaction (CI), Many-Body Perturbation Theory (MBPT) and Coupled Cluster (CC) are discussed. Results from the CC singles and doubles method are compared to other high-precision methods for the circular harmonic oscillator quantum dot. The results show a good agreement for the energy of many-body states of up to 12 electrons. Properties of elliptical quantum dots, circular quantum dots, quantum rings and concentric quantum rings are all reviewed. The effects of tilted external magnetic fields applied to the elliptical dot are discussed, and the energy splitting between the lowest singlet and triplet states is explored for varying geometrical properties. Results are compared to experimental energy splittings for the same system containing 2 electrons.

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This thesis aims at answering two research questions at the topic of Reshaping the Future of the European Union. The questions are: Will the future of the European Union be flexible? and if so, Which model will be the most suitable one?. To answer these questions flexibility is analyzed through the context that necessitates its usage, its earlier and recent models, its evolution at the official realm, and the institutional and country views on it chapters. At the end of this analysis, this thesis&amp / #8217 / answer to the first question is: Yes, although there is quite skepticism against the term flexibility at almost every realm of the Union / its gradual evolution at all dimensions of the Union shows that this term would continue to develop and has a chance to become the main ruling mechanism at the future. The answer of the second question is: a modified Variable Geometry in addition to the introduction of radical comprehensive structural changes would be the most sufficient future flexible model of integration at the future.