The short-term regulation of blood pressure is influenced by many influences, some being represented by cardiovascular signals and their changes. Because of the complexity of this system, the linear methods for its analysis are not sufficient. Non-linear methods for time series analysis have been devised quite a lot. In the course of this work, the analysis of the relations of several signals was evaluated as the most suitable conditional entropy and the resulting indexes of affinity and directionality. This method was applied to a set of heart-rate signals and systolic and diastolic pressure signals measured on eight adults and nine children. Relationships were analyzed but unfortunately after the statistical test was held the expected information links between the individual signals were not established. The indices were very small - in the hundredths of bits. Finally, optimization of the algorithm of the whole method has been performed and the newly modified function already shows significantly better results, for example strong information binding from the time-series of systolic pressure to a series of diastolic pressures.

The short-term regulation of blood pressure is influenced by many influences, some being represented by cardiovascular signals and their changes. Because of the complexity of this system, the linear methods for its analysis are not sufficient. Non-linear methods for time series analysis have been devised quite a lot. In the course of this work, the analysis of the relations of several signals was evaluated as the most suitable conditional entropy and the resulting indexes of affinity and directionality. This method was applied to a set of heart-rate signals and systolic and diastolic pressure signals measured on eight adults and sixteen children. Relationships were analyzed and after the statistical test was held some information links between the individual signals were not established.

The task of opinion mining from product reviews has been achieved by employing rule-based approaches or generative learning models such as hidden Markov models (HMMs). This paper introduced a discriminative model using linear-chain Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) that can naturally incorporate arbitrary, non-independent features of the input without conditional independence among the features or distributional assumptions of inputs. The framework firstly performs part-of-speech (POS) tagging tasks over each word in sentences of review text. The performance is evaluated based on three criteria: precision, recall and F-score. The result shows that this approach is effective for this type of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Then the framework extracts the keywords associated with each product feature and summarizes into concise lists that are simple and intuitive for people to read.

This thesis deals with the current methods of semantic segmentation using deep learning. Other approaches of neaural networks in the area of deep learning are also discussed. It contains historical solutions of neural networks, their development, and basic principle. Convolutional neural networks are nowadays the most preferable networks in solving tasks as detection, classification, and image segmentation. The functionality was verified on a freely available environment based on conditional random fields as recurrent neural networks and compered with the deep convolutional neural networks using conditional random fields as postprocess. The latter mentioned method has become the basis for training of new models on two different datasets. There are various enviroments used to implement neural networks using deep learning, which offer diverse perform possibilities. For demonstration purposes a Python application leveraging the BVLC\,/\,Caffe framework was created. The best achieved accuracy of a trained model for clothing segmentation is 50,74\,\% and 68,52\,\% for segmentation of VOC objects. The application aims to allow interaction with image segmentation based on trained models.

For now several years, many researchers have emphasized the importance and effectiveness of parole in the reintegration process of offenders, especially in reducing recidivism rates. A review of the existing literature revealed that, although little was known about conditional release decision-making in general, there was a flagrant lack of scientific knowledge pertaining to conditional release decisions regarding women offenders incarcerated in Canada. Using a constructionist theoretical framework and qualitative thematic analysis, this research aimed to understand which “factors” were documented by the Parole Board of Canada’s (PBC) Board members in their written parole decisions for federally incarcerated women in Canada who were serving a sentence of five years or more, between 2005 and 2015. The findings ultimately showed that, despite the implementation of more stringent government policies based on risk management, the PBC’s Board members seem to have retained their concern of promoting the reintegration of women offenders in their parole decisions. The analysis revealed that the Board members have indeed continued to place great emphasis on the women’s potential for change through a discretionary assessment of their dynamic factors. This seemingly more reintegrative vision nevertheless remains marked by the risk management approach, which raises questions about the way Board members interpret and evaluate the specific needs of the women and their potential for reintegration.

The objective of this thesis is to point out the asymmetry between the form and function of the paradigms HABLARÍA and HABRÍA HABLADO. In the introductory chapters, we describe topics and terms related to the issue and then we focus on the description of the individual functions of the paradigms. Each function is defined with the help of secondary literature, which we supplement with practical examples of texts obtained from the language corpora CORPES XXI and InterCorp. Based on acquired knowledge, we proved that studied paradigms are widely used in the Spanish language and are applied not only in the temporal meaning but also in various modal meanings. Subsequently, we analyze the Czech translations of the paradigm HABRÍA HABLADO in the function condicional compuesto, which expresses hypothetical situations in the past. The results confirmed that the past conditional is no longer used in the Czech language and is usually replaced by the present conditional. Key words conditional, Czech, corpus, verbal paradigm, Spanish

According to the procreation asymmetry there is no moral reason to create a new and foreseeably happy person just because this person will be happy, but there is however a moral reason against creating a new and foreseeably unhappy person just because this person will be unhappy. A common way to defend this conjunction of claims is by employing a so-called existence-requirement, according to which the happiness of a given person p in a world w depends on it being possible to understand p as an existing person in w. The aim of this paper is to consider whether this existence-requirement strategy is compatible with other intuitions and convictions held in normative moral theory and populations ethics. This aim will be achieved by considering whether the existence-requirement strategy is compatible with three plausible desiderata for a solution to the (normative) procreation asymmetry. Although some solutions to some potential incompatibilities are suggested, the thesis that will be argued for is that every instance of the existence-requirement strategy is incompatible with at least one of the relevant desiderata. Where the common denominating incompatibility for all instances of the existence-requirement strategy is to be found in an inability to be sufficiently action-guiding. / Enligt fortplantningsasymmetrin finns det inget moraliskt skäl att skapa en ny person som kommer att vara lycklig bara för att den personen kommer att vara lycklig. Detta samtidigt som det finns ett moraliskt skäl att inte skapa en ny person som kommer att vara olycklig bara för att den personen kommer att vara olycklig. Ett vanligt sätt att försvara denna sammansättning av påståenden är genom att använda ett så kallat existensvillkor, enligt vilket lyckan av en given person p i en värld w är villkorad av att p kan förstås som en existerande person in w. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att överväga huruvida den vederbörande existensvillkorsstrategin är förenlig med intuitioner och övertygelser hållna inom normativ moralteori och populationsetik. Detta syfte kommer att uppnås genom att överväga huruvida existensvillkorsstrategin är förenlig med tre rimliga desiderata för en lösning av den (normativa) fortplantningsasymmetrin. Fastän en del lösningar på vissa potentiella oförenligheter föreslås, är den tes som argumenteras för är i slutändan att varje exempel på existensvillkorsstrategin är oförenligt med åtminstone ett av de relevanta desiderata. Där den gemensamma nämnaren för samtliga exempel på existensvillkorsstrategin går att finna i en oförmåga att vara tillräckligt handlingsvägledande

According to the procreation asymmetry there is no moral reason to create a new and foreseeably happy person just because this person will be happy, but there is however a moral reason against creating a new and foreseeably unhappy person just because this person will be unhappy. A common way to defend this conjunction of claims is by employing a so-called existence-requirement, according to which the happiness of a given person p in a world w depends on it being possible to understand p as an existing person in w. The aim of this paper is to consider whether this existence-requirement strategy is compatible with other intuitions and convictions held in normative moral theory and populations ethics. This aim will be achieved by considering whether the existence-requirement strategy is compatible with three plausible desiderata for a solution to the (normative) procreation asymmetry. Although some solutions to some potential incompatibilities are suggested, the thesis that will be argued for is that every instance of the existence-requirement strategy is incompatible with at least one of the relevant desiderata. Where the common denominating incompatibility for all instances of the existence-requirement strategy is to be found in an inability to be sufficiently action-guiding. / Enligt fortplantningsasymmetrin finns det inget moraliskt skäl att skapa en ny person som kommer att vara lycklig bara för att den personen kommer att vara lycklig. Detta samtidigt som det finns ett moraliskt skäl att inte skapa en ny person som kommer att vara olycklig bara för att den personen kommer att vara olycklig. Ett vanligt sätt att försvara denna sammansättning av påståenden är genom att använda ett så kallat existensvillkor, enligt vilket lyckan av en given person p i en värld w är villkorad av att p kan förstås som en existerande person in w. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att överväga huruvida den vederbörande existensvillkorsstrategin är förenlig med intuitioner och övertygelser hållna inom normativ moralteori och populationsetik. Detta syfte kommer att uppnås genom att överväga huruvida existensvillkorsstrategin är förenlig med tre rimliga desiderata för en lösning av den (normativa) fortplantningsasymmetrin. Fastän en del lösningar på vissa potentiella oförenligheter föreslås, är den tes som argumenteras för är i slutändan att varje exempel på existensvillkorsstrategin är oförenligt med åtminstone ett av de relevanta desiderata. Där den gemensamma nämnaren för samtliga exempel på existensvillkorsstrategin går att finna i en oförmåga att vara tillräckligt handlingsvägledande.

Market risk is the risk of capital loss due to unexpected changes in market prices. One risk measure used to estimate market risk is Value at Risk (VaR). The common historical simulation methodology of VaR forecasting usually does not capture the time-varying volatilities associated with financial data. Therefore, dynamic factor models (DFM) are employed to improve VaR forecasting. The paper’s main focus is to use different volatility model specifications in the DFM to evaluate which is the most appropriate for VaR forecasting. The volatility models considered are the Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC-) GARCH, the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC-) GARCH, and the corrected Dynamic Conditional Correlation (cDCC-) GARCH. The method is applied to an empirical dataset consisting of Swedish large-cap stocks between 2017-2021 where two different portfolios are used, the equally- and the value-weighted portfolio. The data purposefully includes the COVID-19 pandemic such that the models can be compared during less- and more volatile periods. The method is further evaluated in a simulation study where randomized portfolio weights are used. It is found that the VaR forecasts produced by the three different model specifications are similar throughout the entire sample. Therefore the most restricted volatility model (CCC-GARCH) is recommended.

When a malfunction in the collection system occurs and a pipe overflows, the wastewater may be discharged in the natural environment. To avoid such pollution, nuisances to inhabitants living nearby and extra cost for the operator, there is an issue of detecting early enough the buildup of obstructions in sewerage pipes in order to react before the damage is done. The aim of this thesis was thus to develop a decision support tool to detect obstructions and to optimize cleaning operations. Some additional specifications were the file size for sending by email, the simplicity of setup and use, the visual attractiveness and a quick visualization of results. The tool consists of two Excel files coupled with a database which permits to send a daily email to the operator with the functioning state of each measurement point. However, the tool does not do everything, human analysis is necessary to have a critical eye on the results and to decide when to trigger a cleaning operation. The main perspective at the end of this thesis is the replacement of the preventive cleaning operations that were previously performed with a fixed frequency per year by conditional cleaning operations triggered by the tool and to observe the decrease of cleaning operations. Other perspectives are to spread the tool to other sites and to use the received feedbacks to adjust the different parameters and eventually to determine an automatic trigger condition of cleaning operations.