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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Evaluating alternative refrigerants for the room air conditioner market

Back, Izabelle, Dunberger, Lars January 2015 (has links)
This study aimed to facilitate evaluation of alternative refrigerants for the air conditioner market. In order to achieve this target, two objectives were set. The first being the identification of alternative refrigerant with regard to regulations and trends. The second being enabling of thermodynamic evaluation of refrigerants for single components in air conditioners via design and installation of a test rig. A literature review was conducted to investigate the regulations, standards and trends for nine regions with high market shares. Furthermore, refrigerant substitutes for R410A and R22 where identified. The literature showed strong indications that a global HFC phase down is on the horizon, but that the approach and urge for such a phase down varies between regions where three main priorities could be seen; efficiency, GWP values and safety. Comparing these priorities with simulated refrigerant characteristics such as Carnot efficiency, GWP values, volumetric capacity and the liquid density using RefProp, identified alternatives. Further the literature showed that the lower flammability limit (LFL) and the amount of charge allowed were limiting factors for flammable refrigerant. There are many new refrigerants that could have less charge for the same capacity the LFL however restricts the refrigerants like R290, R441A and R443A only to be used in small systems. A test rig was designed and constructed in order to enable testing of single components in air conditioners. To verify the test rig, tests conducted with an evaporator using two refrigerants: R410A and R32. The reliability and validity of the tests was studied by comparing the results from the air side and refrigerant side, via uncertainty calculations using the GUM method and by a thermodynamic evaluation. The results of the repetition tests showed an expanded uncertainty, with a confidence interval of 95%, of 26 W for a cooling capacity of 2190W for R410A (Q̇evap,R410A=2190±26W). For R32 the expanded uncertainty was 27W for a cooling capacity of 2795W (Q̇evap,R32=2795±27W). Also the test rig was verified to be used for analyzing detailed evaluation of evaporators such as looking at heat transfer and the differential pressure drop. Further the study presented six conclusions: When evaluating refrigerants regional priorities between efficiency, safety and GWP values, refrigerant characteristics and type of unit need to be considered. Safety standards need to be more acceptable towards flammable refrigerants in order to meet low GWP targets. The change in market trends leads to new roles for the refrigerant and compressor suppliers and put higher demand on air conditioner manufacturers to consider refrigerant characteristics in product development. The importance of experimental thermodynamic evaluation on refrigerants effect on single components is increasing. Performance of different refrigerant for single components can be evaluated for optimizing cycle performance. Leapfrogging in the developing world can lead to a faster introduction of low GWP refrigerants.
42

[en] AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN REDUCING THE ERODIBILITY OF A QUARRING WASTE MATERIAL FROM PEDRA MIRACEMA MINING / [pt] AVALIAÇÃO DA EFETIVIDADE DA ADIÇÃO DE SUBSTÂNCIA HÚMICA NA REDUÇÃO DA ERODIBILIDADE DE UM MATERIAL DE DESMONTE ORIUNDO DA MINERAÇÃO DE PEDRA MIRACEMA

GRICEL ALCIRA PORTILLO MIRANDA 15 January 2021 (has links)
[pt] O presente estudo visa a avaliar a efetividade da adição de substâncias húmicas obtidas a partir da destilação de um rejeito de carvão mineral na redução da erodibilidade de um material de desmonte oriundo da mineração de Pedra Miracema. O material de Desmonte empregado no referido estudo é oriundo da extração de rochas ornamentais no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua, situado na região Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O material de desmonte tem textura arenosa e apresenta um teor de argila inferior a 10 por cento e o teor de matéria orgânica praticamente nulo, sendo classificado pelo SUCS como uma areia siltosa, o que lhe confere uma condição de elevada erodibilidade. A fim de reduzir a sua erodibilidade, foram adicionadas diferentes porcentagens de substância húmica proveniente do rejeito de carvão mineral (0 por cento, 0,5 por cento, 1 por cento, 3 por cento, 5 por cento). Adicionalmente, para efeito de comparação se aplicou também 1 por cento de uma substância húmica disponível comercialmente. A erodibilidade da mistura material de desmonte - substâncias húmicas foi avaliada através de um programa de ensaios laboratoriais que incluiu a realização de ensaios de desagregação, ensaios de compressão diametral e ensaios de furo de agulha. Paralelamente, foram realizados com as diferentes misturas ensaios de capacidade de troca catiônica, determinação de teor de matéria orgânica, microscopia ótica e microscopia de eletrônica de varredura a fim de justificar os resultados dos ensaios de avaliação da erodibilidade. Os resultados do programa experimental permitiram sugerir que a incorporação de substâncias húmicas a matriz terrosa do material de desmonte reduz o seu potencial de erodibilidade. Verificou-se ainda que uma maior eficácia do tratamento com o passar do tempo. / [en] This study assessed the effectiveness of humic substances in reducing the erodibility of a quarring waste material from pedra miracema mining. The quarring waste is highly erodible since it possesses a sandy texture, a clay content less than 10 per cent and an organic content close to zero. The humic substance used in the experimental program was obtained from coal waste and it was incorporated to the tailing at the following contents: 0,5 per cent, 1 per cent, 3 per cent and 5 per cent. It was also used a commercial product at 1 per cent content to evaluate the coal was performance. Erodibility was assessed through the use of degradation tests, Brazilian test and pinhole test. Additionally, in order to foster the discussions of the experimental program results, microscopy tests (both optical and electronic), cation exchange capacity and organic matter determinations were performed. The results have shown that the erodibility of the tailing can be reduced by the addition of humic substances. The higher the content the higher the reduction. It was also observed that the performance of humic substances in reducing erodibility increases with time.
43

Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Distributed Power Electronics System Based on Building Block Concept

Xing, Kun 09 July 1999 (has links)
The basic Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB) configurations are identified and conceptual PEBB modules are constructed and tested. Using the INCA (Inductance Calculator) parasitic extraction and the Saber circuit simulation software, the microscopic relationships between the parasitics of the packaging layout and their circuit electrical effects are cross-examined. The PEBB module with advanced packaging techniques is characterized in comparison with the wire-bond module. The soft-switching techniques are evaluated for PEBB applications. The Zero-Current-Transition (ZCT) is proved better because the parasitics in the power current flow path are absorbed into the resonant soft-switching operation. This makes the PEBBs insensitive to system integration. Based on the building block concept, the discrete and large signal average models are developed for simulation, design, and analysis of large-scale PEBB-based systems. New average models are developed for half-bridge PEBB module and Space Vector Modulation (SVM). These models keep the exact information of the discontinuous SVM and the common mode component of the three-phase system. They can be used to construct the computer models of a power electronics system the same as the modularized hardware and perform time domain simulations with very fast speed. Further more, even though the system is modeled based on modularized concept on the ABC coordinates, it can be used to perform small signal analysis on the DQ coordinates as well. Based on the developed models, the system-level interactions in integrated systems are investigated. Three interaction scenarios are presented: (1) the zero-sequence circulation current in paralleled three-phase rectifiers caused by the interleaved discontinuous SVM, (2) the load and source interactions caused by unbalanced load and small signal impedance overlap, and (3) the combined common mode noise caused by both front-end PWM rectifiers and load inverters. The interaction phenomena and mitigation methods are demonstrated through hardware testbed system. The concept of dc bus conditioning is proposed. The bus conditioner is a bi-directional dc/dc converter programmed as a current controlled current source, which shunts the large signal ac current, which otherwise goes to the dc bus, into an isolated energy storage component. In addition to alleviate the source and load interactions, it increases the load impedance/decreases the bus impedance and provides more stability margins to the distribution system. The dc bus conditioner concept and its functions are demonstrated through system simulation and preliminary hardware experiment. / Ph. D.
44

Influência do condicionamento da dentina na resistência de união de cimento de ionômero de vidro / Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Dentin Conditioning Influence on Glass Ionomer Cement Bond Strength

Garbui, Bruna Uglik 05 July 2012 (has links)
Objetivos: avaliar o efeito de 3 parâmetros de condicionamento da dentina utilizando o laser de Er,Cr;YSGG (2,78m) na resistência de união (RU) de cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional (CIV). Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados neste estudo 68 terceiros molares humanos, divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=17/ grupo): G1 (grupo controle): nenhum tipo de condicionamento; G2: condicionamento com laser de Er,Cr;YSGG 0,5W, 25mJ, 20Hz ou G3: 1,0W, 50mJ, 20Hz e G4: 1,5W, 75mJ, 20Hz. Dois dentes em cada um dos grupos foram observados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para identificar as características morfológicas dos diferentes condicionamentos de superfície realizados. Os outros 15 dentes/grupo, foram preparados para ensaio de RU, obtendo uma superfície plana de dentina onde foram construídos 3 (n=45/grupo) corpos de prova em forma de cilindro (1mm de diâmetro X 0,5mm de altura) utilizando o ionômero de vidro Ketac Molar Easymix- 3M ESPE. Após o armazenamento em água destilada por 24h a 37oC os espécimes foram ensaiados pelo teste de microcisalhamento. Os valores finais de resistência adesiva foram calculados e expressos em Mega Pascal (MPa). Os dados foram coletados e analisados por ANOVA (p<0,001). Resultados: Os espécimes do G2 apresentaram os maiores resultados de RU (10,50MPa ±0,84), seguido pelo G1 (4.77MPa ±0.59), G3 (3.32MPa ±0.39) e G4 (2,94MPa ±0,50) que não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante quanto comparados entre si. A análise em MEV do G1 mostrou camada de smear ao longo de toda a superfície de dentina, enquanto nos outros grupos observou-se túbulos dentinários abertos, característicos na irradiação com laser de Er,Cr:YSGG. Os pulsos do laser no G2 eram facilmente distinguidos, o que não acontecia nos grupos G3 e G4, sugerindo que parâmetros de energia maiores podem causar efeitos mais extensos à estrutura da dentina. Na análise do padrão de fratura, todos os grupos apresentaram maior porcentagem de fratura adesiva G1:73,3%, G2:48,9% G3:66,7% e G4:64,4%. O tipo de fratura mista foi proporcional ao aumento da RU (G1:24,4%, G2:46,7%, G3:20,0% e G4:17,8%). Conclusão: O condicionamento da dentina com o laser de Er,Cr:YSGG na potência de 0,5W aumentou significativamente a RU do CIV à dentina, enquanto os demais parâmetros testados reduziram a RU. / Objective: To evaluate the effect of 3 dentin conditioning parameters of Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2,78 m) on the bond strength (BS) of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC). Methods: A total of 68 third molars were divided into four groups and was subjected to one of the following pretreatments: G1- the control group, no pretreatment was realized; G2, G3 and G4 were pretreated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 0.5 W, 25 mJ, 9 J/cm2, and 20 Hz (G2); 1.0 W, 50 mJ, 18 J/cm2, and 20 Hz (G3); and at 1.5 W, 75 mJ, 27 J/cm2, and 20 Hz (G4). A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation (n=2) of pretreated dentine and a microshear bond strength test (n=15) were performed after 24h of water immersion. To build the specimens (each of which was 1 mm in diameter) for the microshear test, CGIC (Ketac Molar Easy Mix) was used. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). Results: The G2 specimens presented the highest BS results (10.50 MPa ± 0.84), and G1 had the next highest average BS values (4.77 MPa ± 0.59). G3 (3.32 MPa ± 0.39) and G4 (2.94 MPa ± 0.50) demonstrated the lowest BS values, although the BS difference between these groups was not statistically significant (p>0.001). The SEM analysis of G1 revealed that the smear layer covered the entire dentine surface, whereas in groups G2, G3, and G4, irregular dentine was detected that possessed the open dentinal tubules and protruded peritubular dentine that are the characteristic results of laser irradiation. Laser pulses could easily be distinguished in G2 but not in G3 and G4, suggesting that higher energy parameters can broadly disrupt dentine structure and thereby affect the bonding of dentine to GIC. Conclusion: Dentine pretreatment with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser at a power of 0.5 W increased the BS of conventional GIC.
45

Síntese, caracterização e aplicação de hidrogéis nanoestruturados contendo nanoargila para melhorar a germinação e qualidade de muda de hortaliça /

Yonezawa, Uilian Gabaldi January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Fauze Ahmad Aouada / Resumo: Os hidrogéis são polímeros hidrorretentores reticulados, que são capazes de reter e absorver grande quantidade de água. A combinação de polissacarídeos e nanoargila na matriz polimérica otimiza o desenvolvimento de materiais biodegradáveis e nanoestruturados que podem ser utilizados na agricultura. Nesta dissertação foram preparados e caracterizados hidrogéis nanoestruturados biodegradáveis, afim de aplicá-lo como um acelerador no crescimento de mudas de hortaliça. Os hidrogéis foram preparados fixando as concentrações de acrilamida (AAm) em 6% m/v e carboximetilcelulose (CMC) em 1% m/v, e incorporando diferentes concentrações de nanoargila cloisita-Na+. Diferentes quantidades de hidrogéis foram incorporadas ao substrato e investigado a sua eficiência no cultivo de alface. Foram analisadas as propriedades hidrofílicas e cinéticas em água destilada e em soluções salinas. Os hidrogéis demonstraram excelentes resultados de intumescimento. A incorporação de nanoargila na matriz do polímero aumentou a velocidade de absorção de água (indicada pelo aumento da constante cinética k) quando intumescido em água destilada. A formação das redes poliméricas foi confirmada pela análise de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A difração do raios-x (DRX) e a espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX) permitiu avaliar a conformação das plaquetas de nanoargila e os elementos químicos presente nos nanocompósitos, respectivamente. A microscopia eletrônica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Hydrogels are water-retainer crosslinked polymers which are able to retain and absorb large quantities of water. The combination of polysaccharides and nanoclay in the polymeric matrix enhanced the development of nanostructured and biodegradable materials and it can be used in agriculture. In this work, nanostructured biodegradable hydrogels was prepared in order to improve germination and seedling quality of lettuce cultivation. The hydrogels were prepared by fixing the concentrations of acrylamide (AAm) in 6% w/v carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in 1% w/v, containing different nanoclay Cloisite-Na+ concentrations. Different amounts of hydrogel were incorporated to the substrate and investigated their efficiency in lettuce cultivation. Hydrophilic and kinetic properties were investigated in distilled water and in saline solutions. The hydrogels showed excellent swelling degree results. Also, the incorporation of nanoclay in the polymer matrix increased the water absorption speed (indicated by an increase in kinetic constant k) when swollen in distilled water. The formation of polymer networks was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray (EDX) corfimed the conformation of the nanoclay platelets and chemical elements present in the nanocomposite, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed porous structures morphology with well-defined shapes, but with heterogeneity in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
46

Design and Implementation of an Inverter Drive for High-Efficiency Compressor used in Air Conditioner

TSENG, WEI-CHIH 11 July 2002 (has links)
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the application of inverter-based variable speed drives to positive displacement rotary compressors. Designs and implements a DSP-microprocessor based of an inverter drive for high-efficiency compressor used in air conditioner. We control the compressor with sine PWM and V/F scheme. Permanent magnet synchronous motor has potential for energy saving in general applications on compressor drives. Permanent magnet synchronous motor drives are used for applications like compressors¡Awhere high dynamic performance is not a demand¡Asimple V/F control strategies may be sufficient to obtain the required control performance. For energy saving to find the best control strategy for an inverter drive for high efficiency compressor used in air conditioner.
47

Desempenho térmico de cobertura verde utilizando a grama Brachiaria humidicola na cidade de São Carlos-SP

Andrade, Nixon César de 22 August 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1676.pdf: 2206138 bytes, checksum: c83c9d5aa6bb880c23dbdaa15df8077f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / This work aims to analyze the thermal behavior of a green roof with the Braquiária grass (Brachiaria humidicola), that reaches 1m height, comparing it with a traditional roof (concrete slab on show). Considering temperature and relative humidity data obtained through field measurements in different months, the thermal performance of the green and traditional roofs was analyzed. The inside and outside temperatures, and inside superficial of two test-cells were analyzed. The outside superficial temperatures were estimated through computation program and the solar radiation data and wind speed, necessaries for the use of this program, were provided by the Water Resource and Applied Ecology Center (CRHEA,) and the Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC), both from the University of São Paulo (USP). The results indicate that, submitted to the local climate, the green roof presents optimum performance, particularly for decreasing the temperatures of external and internal roof surfaces. In the same test-cell it was recently realized a similar research, which used the Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica), a short vegetation. Comparing the measurement results for cold and hot periods, it was noticed differences between the thermal performance of the two grasses. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento térmico de uma cobertura ajardinada com a grama Braquiária (Brachiaria humidicola), que atinge 1m de altura, comparando-a com a de uma cobertura tradicional (laje exposta). Considerando-se os dados obtidos por meio de monitoramentos com aparelhos registradores de temperaturas e umidades relativas, em diferentes épocas do ano, analisou-se o comportamento térmico das coberturas tradicional e verde. Foram medidas as temperaturas do ar no interior e no exterior das células-teste e as superficiais internas de ambas as células. As temperaturas superficiais externas foram estimadas por programa computacional e os dados de radiação solar e velocidade do vento, necessários para a utilização desse programa, foram fornecidos pelo Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada (CRHEA) e pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), ambos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Os resultados indicam que, submetida ao clima local, a cobertura ajardinada apresenta ótimo desempenho, particularmente por amortecer as temperaturas das superfícies externas e internas da cobertura. Nessa mesma célula-teste realizou-se recentemente uma pesquisa similar, mas que utilizou a grama Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica), uma vegetação rasteira. Comparando-se os resultados dos monitoramentos realizados, nos períodos de frio e calor, foram detectadas diferenças entre os comportamentos térmicos das duas gramas.
48

Modeling of Air-Conditioner Compressor Single Phase Induction Motor for Transient Analysis

January 2012 (has links)
abstract: This thesis presents a new technique to develop an air-conditioner (A/C) compressor single phase induction motor model for use in an electro-magnetic transient program (EMTP) simulation tool. The method developed also has the capability to represent multiple units of the component in a specific three-phase distribution feeder and investigate the phenomenon of fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) and the cause of motor stalling. The system of differential equations representing the single phase induction motor model is developed and formulated. Implicit backward Euler method is applied to numerically integrate the stator currents that are to be drawn from the electric network. The angular position dependency of the rotor shaft is retained in the inductance matrix associated with the model to accurately capture the dynamics of the motor loads. The equivalent circuit of the new model is interfaced with the electric network in the EMTP. The dynamic response of the motor when subjected to faults at different points on voltage waveform has been studied using the EMTP simulator. The mechanism and the impacts of motor stalling need to be explored with multiple units of the detailed model connected to a realistic three-phase distribution system. The model developed can be utilized to assess and improve the product design of compressor motors by air-conditioner manufacturers. Another critical application of the model would be to examine the impacts of asymmetric transmission faults on distribution systems to investigate and develop mitigation measures for the FIDVR problem. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2012
49

Influência do condicionamento da dentina na resistência de união de cimento de ionômero de vidro / Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Dentin Conditioning Influence on Glass Ionomer Cement Bond Strength

Bruna Uglik Garbui 05 July 2012 (has links)
Objetivos: avaliar o efeito de 3 parâmetros de condicionamento da dentina utilizando o laser de Er,Cr;YSGG (2,78m) na resistência de união (RU) de cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional (CIV). Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados neste estudo 68 terceiros molares humanos, divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=17/ grupo): G1 (grupo controle): nenhum tipo de condicionamento; G2: condicionamento com laser de Er,Cr;YSGG 0,5W, 25mJ, 20Hz ou G3: 1,0W, 50mJ, 20Hz e G4: 1,5W, 75mJ, 20Hz. Dois dentes em cada um dos grupos foram observados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para identificar as características morfológicas dos diferentes condicionamentos de superfície realizados. Os outros 15 dentes/grupo, foram preparados para ensaio de RU, obtendo uma superfície plana de dentina onde foram construídos 3 (n=45/grupo) corpos de prova em forma de cilindro (1mm de diâmetro X 0,5mm de altura) utilizando o ionômero de vidro Ketac Molar Easymix- 3M ESPE. Após o armazenamento em água destilada por 24h a 37oC os espécimes foram ensaiados pelo teste de microcisalhamento. Os valores finais de resistência adesiva foram calculados e expressos em Mega Pascal (MPa). Os dados foram coletados e analisados por ANOVA (p<0,001). Resultados: Os espécimes do G2 apresentaram os maiores resultados de RU (10,50MPa ±0,84), seguido pelo G1 (4.77MPa ±0.59), G3 (3.32MPa ±0.39) e G4 (2,94MPa ±0,50) que não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante quanto comparados entre si. A análise em MEV do G1 mostrou camada de smear ao longo de toda a superfície de dentina, enquanto nos outros grupos observou-se túbulos dentinários abertos, característicos na irradiação com laser de Er,Cr:YSGG. Os pulsos do laser no G2 eram facilmente distinguidos, o que não acontecia nos grupos G3 e G4, sugerindo que parâmetros de energia maiores podem causar efeitos mais extensos à estrutura da dentina. Na análise do padrão de fratura, todos os grupos apresentaram maior porcentagem de fratura adesiva G1:73,3%, G2:48,9% G3:66,7% e G4:64,4%. O tipo de fratura mista foi proporcional ao aumento da RU (G1:24,4%, G2:46,7%, G3:20,0% e G4:17,8%). Conclusão: O condicionamento da dentina com o laser de Er,Cr:YSGG na potência de 0,5W aumentou significativamente a RU do CIV à dentina, enquanto os demais parâmetros testados reduziram a RU. / Objective: To evaluate the effect of 3 dentin conditioning parameters of Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2,78 m) on the bond strength (BS) of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC). Methods: A total of 68 third molars were divided into four groups and was subjected to one of the following pretreatments: G1- the control group, no pretreatment was realized; G2, G3 and G4 were pretreated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 0.5 W, 25 mJ, 9 J/cm2, and 20 Hz (G2); 1.0 W, 50 mJ, 18 J/cm2, and 20 Hz (G3); and at 1.5 W, 75 mJ, 27 J/cm2, and 20 Hz (G4). A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation (n=2) of pretreated dentine and a microshear bond strength test (n=15) were performed after 24h of water immersion. To build the specimens (each of which was 1 mm in diameter) for the microshear test, CGIC (Ketac Molar Easy Mix) was used. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). Results: The G2 specimens presented the highest BS results (10.50 MPa ± 0.84), and G1 had the next highest average BS values (4.77 MPa ± 0.59). G3 (3.32 MPa ± 0.39) and G4 (2.94 MPa ± 0.50) demonstrated the lowest BS values, although the BS difference between these groups was not statistically significant (p>0.001). The SEM analysis of G1 revealed that the smear layer covered the entire dentine surface, whereas in groups G2, G3, and G4, irregular dentine was detected that possessed the open dentinal tubules and protruded peritubular dentine that are the characteristic results of laser irradiation. Laser pulses could easily be distinguished in G2 but not in G3 and G4, suggesting that higher energy parameters can broadly disrupt dentine structure and thereby affect the bonding of dentine to GIC. Conclusion: Dentine pretreatment with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser at a power of 0.5 W increased the BS of conventional GIC.
50

Lixiviação de nutrientes em lisímetros de drenagem na presença de polímero hidroabsorvente. / Leaching of nutrients in drainage of lisímeter with application of hydrogel polymer

MELO, Márcio Roberto da Silva 20 April 2007 (has links)
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-10T17:56:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Roberto da Silva Melo.pdf: 2213117 bytes, checksum: 980a1a01e081541cb4c20618655c7d2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T17:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Roberto da Silva Melo.pdf: 2213117 bytes, checksum: 980a1a01e081541cb4c20618655c7d2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-20 / The objective of the present work was to evaluate the leaching of nutrients applied in soils in coriander cultivations, in conditions drainage of lisimeter, by utilizing a hidrogel polymer named Hidratassolo®. The study was done in an experimental station built in the Tecnologia Rural Department of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, located in the municipal district of Recife–PE during february to march 2006. The coriander cultivation was grown in a field atmosphere, with two irrigation levels related to estimated evapotranspiration (Tank Class "A" method 0.6.ETo and 1.20.ETo in mm), applied on two day irrigation frequencies, and five hidratassolo doses (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16 dg.kg-1). The experiment design consisted of randomized blocks in split-plots, with simple regression analysis. The characteristics appraised were pH, the electric conductivity (CE), measured in (dS.m-1), and the leached nutrients: calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), in (mmolc dm-3), and the drained (VAD), evaluated volume of water in the diverse hidrics balance (T), to the long one of the period of cultivations. With the increasing of the biggest blade the levels of hidratassolo had linearly reduced the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium and the electric conductivity while that it linearly raised the sodium concentration and the value of pH of the effluent. Besides, the use of the lesser blade linearly raised the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and the electric conductivity, and reduced the sodium concentration and the value of pH of the drained material. With relation to the effect of the treatments to the long one of the time, the studied levels of blades had increased the concentration of sodium, potassium and the value of pH and had reduced the concentration of calcium, magnesiumand the electric conductivity, in the drained material, inside of the levelsof hidratassolo. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a lixiviação de nutrientes aplicados em material de solo cultivado com coentro na presença de um polímero hidroabsorvente denominado de Hidratassolo®. O estudo foi conduzido na estação lisimétrica do Departamento de Tecnologia Rural da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, localizada no município de Recife – PE, no período de 06 de fevereiro a 24 de março de 2006. Os fatores estudados foram duas lâminas de irrigação, obtidas com base na evapotranspiração estimada pelo método do tanque Classe “A” (0,6.ETo e 1,20.ETo em mm), aplicadas com freqüência de irrigação de dois dias; e cinco doses de hidratassolo (0; 4; 8; 12 e 16 dg kg-1), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas sub-divididas, com análise de regressão simples. As características avaliadas foram o pH, a condutividade elétrica (CE), medidos em (dS m-1), e a concentração dos nutrientes lixiviados: cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+), sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), em (mmolc dm-3), e o volume de água drenado (VAD), em litro (L), avaliado nas épocas de balanços hídricos (T), ao longo do período de cultivo. Com o emprego da maior lâmina os níveis de hidratassolo reduziram linearmente as concentrações de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e a condutividade elétrica enquanto que elevou linearmente a concentração de sódio e o valor do pH do efluente. Por outro lado, o uso da menor lâmina elevou linearmente as concentrações de potássio, cálcio, magnésio e a condutividade elétrica, e reduziu a concentração de sódio e o valor do pH do material drenado. Com relação ao efeito dos tratamentos ao longo do tempo, os níveis de lâminas estudados aumentaram a concentração de sódio, potássio e o valor de pH e reduziram a concentração de cálcio, magnésio e acondutividade elétrica, no material drenado, dentro dos níveis de hidratassolo.

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