The context for this study is a community based organization known as the National Youth Development Outreach (YDO) in Eersterust, Pretoria. This organization caters primarily for adolescents who are in conflict with the law who have been referred to YDO by the courts. YDO offers what is known as the Adolescent Development Programme as a means of social rehabilitation. This programme is based on what is known as the Circle of Courage which has its origins in the Native American approach to child rearing. This Circle of Courage has four components, namely, Belonging, Mastery, Independence and Generosity. Music therapy was introduced at the National Youth development Outreach in January 2003. My interest in the work of music therapy within this context gave rise to this dissertation. My aim in this study is to explore how music therapy can contribute to the Adolescent Development Programme and, in particular, how the Circle of Courage can inform the goals and practice of music therapy. In addition I wish to explore how music therapy practice needs to adapt in order to be relevant within such a context. The study is conducted within the qualitative research paradigm and thus seeks not to prove one single truth. This explorative study is conducted in a naturalistic setting. Data collection is in the form of a semi structured interview with 3 personnel members from the organization, clinical session notes and video recorded excerpts from two music therapy sessions. The clinical session notes form the basis of a description of the music therapy process at YDO from January to June 2003 and work with an individual client. These descriptions serve to contextualize the semi structured interview and video excerpts. The data are coded categorized and organized into themes. These themes highlight the social context in which YDO is situated which includes the individual, the organization and the community. The data highlights the primacy of the Circle of Courage within this specific context. Music as a tool for communication as well as a barometer of relationship is also discussed. This forms the basis for addressing the two research questions. This discussion focuses on the role of the Circle of Courage in informing the goals of music therapy through considering this at a conceptual level as well as viewing clinical improvisation through the lens of the Circle of Courage. The response to the second research question is from the premise of community therapy and considers the possibility of a wider application of music therapy in such a context. Music therapy is in its infancy in South Africa, especially with this client group. I am unaware of any published literature of music therapy work with adolescents in conflict with the law. Whilst this study has focused on a very small part of the whole, my hope is that it will stimulate further thinking and research about music therapy with this client group and will contribute to a broader body of knowledge. / Dissertation (MMus (Music Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted

In this project the various International Instruments, namely the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, 1989, the Beijing Rules and the African Charter, relating to the protection of the rights of children were discussed focusing on the rights of children in conflict with the law. The important guidelines regarding the establishment of a minimum age for criminal capacity, detention, legal representation, diversion, sentencing, pre-sentence reports, child justice Courts and the confidentiality of children’s Court hearings were highlighted. The current positions in South African law with regard to these issues were discussed and the proposed provisions in the Child Justice Bill, 49 of 2002 were furnished. The research included all the magistrates in Gauteng that were in service during February 2003 and March 2003. Throughout the project the important role that forensic criminologists can and should play in a juvenile justice system was highlighted. / Criminology / M.A.

Annexure E: Criminal Capacity Check List (pages 61-62) is in English. The Afrikaans or Xhosa version of this document is also available on request / The aim of this explorative and descriptive study was to establish if criminologists could assist in the criminal capacity assessment of children in conflict with the law. A qualitative approach was utilised in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the current criminal capacity assessment process and the role players involved in the process. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview schedule. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with child justice practitioners. Purposive sampling was employed and data were analysed according to the methods of Rabiee as well as Morse and Field. The findings of this study indicate that the current one-dimensional medico-legal assessment approach is not in the best interest of the child. A shortage of human resources, ineffective assessment tools, inadequate training of role players, and operational problems in the criminal capacity assessment process, are all factors that hamper a successful child-centred approach. A multi-disciplinary approach was found to be the most suitable approach to assess children in conflict with the law. It was concluded that professionals from disciplines such as social work, criminology, probation work, psychology and psychiatry should form part of the multi-disciplinary criminal capacity assessment team. The important role that criminologists can play as part of this team was acknowledged in this study. It was furthermore established that the role and function of criminologists, as well as the study field of criminology, are still unfamiliar to various practitioners in the human sciences professions. Criminologists are also still regarded as crime researchers with limited practical applications in areas of the Criminal Justice System. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the Western Cape Province's non-governmental child diversion programme compliance with the Minimum Programme Outcomes Standards developed by the Department of Social Development for programme accreditation. The Minimum Standards focus on optimal diversion outcomes for children in conflict with the law and were designed to ensure good diversion practice. The juvenile justice system has determined child diversion as a rehabilitative and cost-effective alternative justice option, positively contributing towards the curbing of re-offending among child offenders. The research process was guided by a mixed method approach and utilised a structured questionnaire as well as comments and information stated by the respondents during the interview process. The questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of non-governmental diversion programme facilitators of the various diversion programme types to determine the level of programme compliance and to evaluate the implications that the results might hold for programme participants, service providers, as well as for the accreditation process. The results of the study revealed a high level of Minimum Programme Outcomes Standards compliance, with an average of 83%. These results indicate that, in general, the programmes provided by non-governmental diversion service providers are complying with the Minimum Standards and are thereby ensuring good diversion practice. This should positively influence their eligibility for programme accreditation by the Department of Social Development. At the same time. the results of the study have pointed towards other challenges. which were evaluated and discussed. / Criminology / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

O início do século XXI é marcado por diversas questões que correlacionam os problemas da privação da liberdade e sua interface com a Saúde Pública, como nas discussões sobre o uso problemático de álcool e outras drogas e o aumento do encarceramento desses indivíduos, assim como na temática do denominado \"louco infrator\", que, apesar da Reforma Psiquiátrica, continua sem acesso aos seus direitos fundamentais. O presente trabalho tem como problemática central investigar, à luz dos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, como se processa a dinâmica das transferências de pessoas internadas nos Hospitais de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico do Estado de São Paulo para os Hospitais Psiquiátricos Comuns, Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e Residências Terapêuticas, sob ordem judicial. Tem como objetivos identificar os motivos que determinam transferências, sua legalidade, assim como os discursos das áreas jurídicas, psiquiátricas e de saúde mental que se constituem em torno da pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei e caracterizar como se apresenta a relação Justiça e Saúde na dinâmica dessas transferências como mecanismo jurídico-sanitário, identificando implicações, alcances e limitações e o lugar da transinstitucionalização nesse processo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de pesquisa de natureza documental e qualitativa. Como documentos foram identificados acórdãos, processos de execução criminal de medida de segurança e processos de internação compulsória, entre outros de natureza cível, relacionados a pessoas com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei, que tramitam ou tramitavam no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo. Articula-se a questões emergentes da pesquisa documental, a realização de entrevistas, em profundidade, via Roteiro Temático, com dois grupos de sujeitos de pesquisa, profissionais da área jurídica, assim como, profissionais da área da saúde, com experiência de trabalho relacionada à temática. A discussão e interpretação de dados e narrativas revelam que a noção da periculosidade se apresentou como eixo central para a determinação das transferências. A prática da Internação Compulsória com Interdição, após a extinção da medida de segurança, apresenta-se como forma de continuidade do cumprimento da medida de segurança. A desinternação condicional, como medida exclusivamente jurídica, onde os cuidados em saúde ocupam aspecto secundário, fazendo com que a área da Saúde atue sob a égide da Justiça, representa um aspecto limitador para o processo de transinstitucionalização, com vistas a desinstitucionalização. A desinternação e a imposição de suas condições meramente punitivas representa um grande desafio para o cenário das execuções da medida de segurança com o aumento do número de reinternações, caracterizando o fenômeno do \"revolving door\" ou \"porta giratória\", como forma de gestão em \"circuitos\", que geram \"novos crônicos\". Diante de tal prática, a atuação autônoma dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, a expansão das Residências Terapêuticas, assim como o investimento em políticas públicas de inclusão social apresentam-se como condições necessárias para a desinstitucionalização das pessoas com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei. / The beginning of the 21st century is marked by several issues that correlate the problems of deprivation of liberty and its interface with Public Health, such as discussions about the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs and the increasing incarceration of these individuals, as well as the theme. the so-called \"insane offender\" who, despite the Psychiatric Reform, still has no access to his fundamental rights. The present work has as its central problem to investigate, in the light of the principles of Psychiatric Reform, how the dynamics of the transference of hospitalized people in the Custody and Psychiatric Treatment Hospitals of the State of São Paulo to the Common Psychiatric Hospitals, Psychosocial Care Centers and Therapeutic Residences, under court order. It aims to identify the motives that determine transfers, their legality, as well as the discourses of the legal, psychiatric and mental health areas that constitute around the person with mental disorder in conflict with the law and to characterize how the relationship between Justice and Health in the dynamics of these transfers as a legal-health mechanism, identifying implications, scope and limitations and the place of transinstitutionalization in this process. From the methodological point of view, this is a documentary and qualitative research. As documents were identified judgments, proceedings for criminal enforcement of security measure and cases of compulsory detention, among others of a civil nature, related to people with mental disorder in conflict with the law, who are processing or proceeding in the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo. It is linked to emerging issues of documentary research, conducting in-depth interviews via Thematic Roadmap, with two groups of research subjects, legal professionals, as well as health professionals, with work experience related to thematic. The discussion and interpretation of data and narratives reveal that the notion of dangerousness was presented as the central axis for the determination of transfers. The practice of Compulsory Detention with Interdiction, after the safety measure has been extinguished, is presented as a way of continuing compliance with the safety measure. Conditional withdrawal, as an exclusively legal measure, where health care occupies a secondary aspect, making the Health area act under the aegis of Justice, represents a limiting aspect for the transinstitutionalization process, with a view to deinstitutionalization. The disinternation and imposition of its merely punitive conditions represents a major challenge for the scenario of executions of the security measure with the increase in the number of readmissions, characterizing the phenomenon of revolving door as a form of management in \"Circuits\" that generate \"new chronicles\". Given this practice, the autonomous performance of the Psychosocial Care Centers, the expansion of Therapeutic Residences, as well as the investment in public policies for social inclusion are necessary conditions for the deinstitutionalization of people with mental disorders in conflict with the law.

In this project the various International Instruments, namely the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, 1989, the Beijing Rules and the African Charter, relating to the protection of the rights of children were discussed focusing on the rights of children in conflict with the law. The important guidelines regarding the establishment of a minimum age for criminal capacity, detention, legal representation, diversion, sentencing, pre-sentence reports, child justice Courts and the confidentiality of children’s Court hearings were highlighted. The current positions in South African law with regard to these issues were discussed and the proposed provisions in the Child Justice Bill, 49 of 2002 were furnished. The research included all the magistrates in Gauteng that were in service during February 2003 and March 2003. Throughout the project the important role that forensic criminologists can and should play in a juvenile justice system was highlighted. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A.

The aim of this explorative study is to establish if psychiatric disorders influence the criminal capacity of child offenders. A qualitative approach was adopted in the study to develop an in-depth understanding of the issues pertaining to criminal capacity assessments for child offenders with psychiatric disorders. The risks associated with various psychiatric disorders in relation to childhood criminality, and the methods that are used to deal with child offenders who suffer from psychiatric disorders, were also explored. The data collection tool for this study was a semi-structured interview schedule. Telephonic and face-to-face interviews were conducted with child justice and mental health experts from four provinces in South Africa, namely, KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng, Eastern Cape and Western Cape. These experts included psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, academic professors of law, a criminologist and an advocate. Snowball sampling was employed and although this is a pure qualitative study, the open coding, axial coding and selective coding process from the grounded theory was applied to analyse and interpret the data. The findings from this study indicate that psychiatric disorders are a risk factor associated with the causation of criminal behaviour. A high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as intellectual disability, learning disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, were generally found in children in conflict with the law. The influence and consequences of these psychiatric disorders, in conjunction with environmental and societal factors, were found to influence criminal behaviour and were highlighted as factors that ought to be taken into consideration when determining the criminal capacity of a child who is in conflict with the law. Findings from the study identified that adequate recognition was not granted to the influence of a psychiatric disorder in the assessment of a child‟s criminal capacity. It was established that, in the criminal capacity assessment, the emphasis should not be on the psychiatric disorder per se, but on the effect that the disorder and associated symptoms may have on the child‟s ability to distinguish between the wrongfulness of their actions and to act in accordance with this understanding. Operational challenges and ambiguities identified in the legislative framework pertaining to child offenders with psychiatric disorders were found to negatively influence criminal capacity assessments for children in conflict with the law. The lack of services available to child offenders with psychiatric disorders, as well as child offenders without psychiatric disorders, was found to hamper the best interest of the children in conflict with the law. Lastly, legislative and service recommendations for good practice to deal with child offenders with psychiatric disorder were identified by the experts. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Annexure E: Criminal Capacity Check List (pages 61-62) is in English. The Afrikaans or Xhosa version of this document is also available on request / The aim of this explorative and descriptive study was to establish if criminologists could assist in the criminal capacity assessment of children in conflict with the law. A qualitative approach was utilised in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the current criminal capacity assessment process and the role players involved in the process. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview schedule. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with child justice practitioners. Purposive sampling was employed and data were analysed according to the methods of Rabiee as well as Morse and Field. The findings of this study indicate that the current one-dimensional medico-legal assessment approach is not in the best interest of the child. A shortage of human resources, ineffective assessment tools, inadequate training of role players, and operational problems in the criminal capacity assessment process, are all factors that hamper a successful child-centred approach. A multi-disciplinary approach was found to be the most suitable approach to assess children in conflict with the law. It was concluded that professionals from disciplines such as social work, criminology, probation work, psychology and psychiatry should form part of the multi-disciplinary criminal capacity assessment team. The important role that criminologists can play as part of this team was acknowledged in this study. It was furthermore established that the role and function of criminologists, as well as the study field of criminology, are still unfamiliar to various practitioners in the human sciences professions. Criminologists are also still regarded as crime researchers with limited practical applications in areas of the Criminal Justice System. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

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No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silvestre_e_dr_arafcl.pdf: 975317 bytes, checksum: 64f438bc6eb5e5f318e474f5906a41fd (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-03T16:24:32Z: silvestre_e_dr_arafcl.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-03T16:27:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 silvestre_e_dr_arafcl.pdf.txt: 506187 bytes, checksum: f649538b731b7c4990793dfdcd494a9f (MD5) 000625208_20150505.pdf: 136320 bytes, checksum: 3ee841070e0b9915ae65330fd226166d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-03T16:33:09Z: 000625208_20150505.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-03T16:43:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 silvestre_e_dr_arafcl.pdf.txt: 506187 bytes, checksum: f649538b731b7c4990793dfdcd494a9f (MD5) 000625208_20150505.pdf: 136320 bytes, checksum: 3ee841070e0b9915ae65330fd226166d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-03T16:48:49Z: 000625208_20150505.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-03T16:49:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000625208_20150505.pdf: 136320 bytes, checksum: 3ee841070e0b9915ae65330fd226166d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-10-27T11:46:58Z: 000625208_20150505.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-10-27T11:48:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000625208_20150505.pdf: 136320 bytes, checksum: 3ee841070e0b9915ae65330fd226166d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-05-06T12:18:25Z: 000625208_20150505.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-05-06T12:19:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000625208.pdf: 942521 bytes, checksum: a893c66046166af5fab0e983f6f80747 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa aborda a política socioeducativa de direitos para o adolescente em conflito com a lei, com ênfase nas medidas socioeducativas executadas no município de Maringá, localizado na região Norte do Estado do Paraná. Essa política se encontra no arcabouço jurídico-institucional (lei e sistema) Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), Lei Federal nº 8.069/1990, voltada para a proteção integral de crianças e adolescentes até 18 anos de idade e, em condições especiais, entre 18 e 21 anos. O estudo de base analíticodocumental tem como objetivo a análise qualitativa da política socioeducativa de direitos, observando os quesitos sobre o cumprimento das decisões judiciais, quando inserida em programas socioeducativos, tomando como referência os aspectos da execução, natureza, tipologia, modalidades e financiamento. A abordagem qualitativa segundo Minayo (2007(a)) aprofunda-se no mundo dos significados, o qual deve ser exposto e interpretado primeiramente pelos próprios sujeitos pesquisados. Na presente investigação, a observação e a análise documental com pesquisa de campo (entrevistas semiestruturadas) embasaram a compreensão e a síntese desta. Para a consecução da análise foram entrevistados: conselheiros municipais dos direitos da criança e do adolescente, conselheiros tutelares, educadores do Centro de Referência Socioeducativo e a Secretária Municipal de Assistência Social e Cidadania. As entrevistas foram consideradas a base empírica da pesquisa, quando foram destacados os limites e as capacidades apresentadas pelos sujeitos entrevistados na concretização da proteção integral e, nesse sentido, possibilitaram apreender as convergências e divergências indicadas na sua atuação prática. / This research deals with the socio educational policy of rights for adolescents in conflict with the law, and it is focused on the socio educational measures in Maringá, a city in the Northwest of Paraná state. This policy is part of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, whose basis is the law and system, and it is stated in the Federal Law # 8.069/1990, which is based on the integral protection of children and adolescents, until the age of eighteen and, in special conditions, for those who are between 18 to 21 years old. The study, based on analysis of documents, aims at the qualitative analysis of the socio educational policy of rights, observing the issues regarding the obedience to judicial decisions, when it is inserted in socio educational programs, taking into account their execution, nature, type, modality and financial aspects. According to Minayo (2007a), the qualitative approach goes deeply into the world of meanings, which must be shown and firstly interpreted by its own subjects. In the current investigation, observation and documental analysis, in addition to field research (semi structured interviews), were the basis for its understanding and synthesis. To carry out the analysis, city counselors for the right of children and adolescents were interviewed, as well as tutelary authorities and social educators from the Reference Center of Socio Education and from Municipal Socio-Citizenship Assistance Secretary. The interviews, considered the empirical basis of the research, when the limits and capacities of the interviewed subjects were mentioned, enabled to apprehend the agreements and disagreements indicated in their practical actions. / Esta investigación aborda La política socioeducativa de derechos para el adolescente em conflicto com La ley, com enfasis em lãs medidas socioeducativas ejecutadas em el município de Maringá, ubicado em La región Norte Del Estyado de Paraná. Esa política se encuentra em el marco jurídico-institucional (ley e sistema) Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), Lei Federal nº 8.069/1990, volcada para La protección integral de niños y adolescentes hasta los 18 años de edad y, em condiciones especiales, entre 18 y 21 años. El estudio de base analítico-documental tiene como objetivo el análisis cualitativo de la política socioeducativa de derechos, observando los quesitos respecto el cumplimiento de las decisiones judiciales, cuando inserto en programas socioeducativos, considerando los aspectos de la ejecución, naturaleza, tipologia, modalidades y financiamento. El abordaje cualitativo segundo Minayo (2007a) profundizase en el mundo de los significados, el cual debe ser expuesto e interpretado primeramente por los propios sujetos investigados. En la presente investigación, la observación y el análisis documental con el abordaje en el campo (entrevistas semiestruturadas) fueron la base de la comprensión y de la síntesis del trabajo. Para la consecucióndel análisis fueron entrevistados: consejeros municipales de los derechos de la infancia y la adolescencia, consewjereos tutelares, educadores del Centro de Referencia Socioeducativo y de la Secretaria Municipal de Asistencia Social y Cidadania. Las entrevistas fueron consideradas la base empírica de la investigación, de donde se destacaron los limites y las capacidades apresentados por los sujetos entrevistados para la concreción de la protección integral y, en ese sentido, posibilitaron apreender las convergencias y divergencias indicadas en su actuación práctica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COSTA_Lucio_2014.pdf: 1495926 bytes, checksum: 332ea16b46bc849d4aa06c806a74efaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / - / A presente dissertação tem como foco central os aspectos da proteção e dos direitos das pessoas com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei. Marcada pelo binômio crime/loucura, esta população vem sendo mantida apartada do novo regramento legal que dispõe sobre as garantias e o modelo de atenção psicossocial no País: a Lei Nº 10.216/2001, mais conhecida como Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. Essa legislação orienta em suas diretrizes uma terapêutica contrária à lógica de asilamento e de segregação, apontando o processo de desinstitucionalização como o mecanismo que deve pautar as políticas públicas na área. Entretanto, milhares de brasileiros marcados pelo estigma da loucura e da criminalidade permanecem esquecidos em espaços de confinamento penal e internação psiquiátrica. Uma experiência inovadora conduzida pelo estado de Goiás vem mudando esse paradigma: o Programa de Atenção ao Louco Infrator (PAILI). Pautado pelas diretrizes estabelecidas pela Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, o projeto tem alcançado índices de reincidência que o distingue sobremaneira dos demais modelos operados na área, constituindo uma possibilidade real de transformação na perspectiva do lidar com o binômio loucura/crime. A partir de um trabalho de campo orientado por entrevistas, além de pesquisa histórica e diálogo com algumas das principais linhas teóricas na área, procuramos situar o PAILI no contexto da desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica e dos desafios ainda presentes à plena efetivação dos direitos dessa população.