In this thesis, a method of distortion analysis of electromagnetic field sensors using orthogonal polynomial subspaces is presented. The effective height of the sensor is viewed as the impulse response of a linear system. The impulse response corresponds to a linear transformation which maps every electromagnetic incident field waveform to a received voltage waveform. Hermite and Laguerre orthogonal polynomials are used as the basis sets for the subspace of incident electromagnetic field waveforms. Using the selected basis set, a transformation matrix is calculated for the sensors. The transformation matrices are compared to a reference transformation matrix as a measure of distortion. The transformation matrices can describe the sensor behavior up to a certain frequency range. The limits on this frequency range are investigated for both Hermite-Gauss and Laguerre functions. The unique property of Laguerre functions is used to prove that the transformation matrix has a particular pattern. This method is applied on case studied sensors both in computer simulation and measurements.

In past studies, several techniques have been employed to create microscopic features on relatively simple surfaces. Of these, lithography-based techniques have proven effective at manufacturing large fields of deterministic microasperities and microcavities on planar and cylindrical substrates. The present study focuses on adapting UV-lithography to a more complex substrate. Machined from stainless steel, a conical mold insert introduces an interesting geometry designed for the injection molding of radial lip seal elastomer. The distinct shape of this mold insert poises unique challenges to a conventional lithography procedure. Spray application is investigated as a feasible means to deposit layers of photoresist on the surface. An appropriate masking element is designed and created to facilitate transfer of a particular pattern via UV exposure. A clamping technique is implemented to align and secure the photomask. These techniques are incorporated into a three-day process, and results are obtained through optical microscopy and light interferometry. By applying Design of Experiments (DOE) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), significant process variables are indentified. Based on these findings, refinements to the process are enabled and future considerations are made evident.

In this thesis, a method of distortion analysis of electromagnetic field sensors using orthogonal polynomial subspaces is presented. The effective height of the sensor is viewed as the impulse response of a linear system. The impulse response corresponds to a linear transformation which maps every electromagnetic incident field waveform to a received voltage waveform. Hermite and Laguerre orthogonal polynomials are used as the basis sets for the subspace of incident electromagnetic field waveforms. Using the selected basis set, a transformation matrix is calculated for the sensors. The transformation matrices are compared to a reference transformation matrix as a measure of distortion. The transformation matrices can describe the sensor behavior up to a certain frequency range. The limits on this frequency range are investigated for both Hermite-Gauss and Laguerre functions. The unique property of Laguerre functions is used to prove that the transformation matrix has a particular pattern. This method is applied on case studied sensors both in computer simulation and measurements.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In this thesis, we consider real matrix functions that depend on two parameters and study the problem of how to detect and approximate parameters' values where the singular values coalesce. We prove several results connecting the existence of coalescing points to the periodic structure of the smooth singular values decomposition computed around the boundary of a domain enclosing the points. This is further used to develop algorithms for the detection and approximation of coalescing points in planar regions. Finally, we present techniques for continuing curves of coalescing singular values of matrices depending on three parameters, and illustrate how these techniques can be used to locate coalescing singular values of complex-valued matrices depending on three parameters.

Excitation of the low frequency vibrational modes of a submerged vessel can generate significant radiated noise levels. Vibrational modes of a submarine hull are excited from the transmission of fluctuating forces through the shaft and thrust bearings due to the propeller rotating in an unsteady fluid. The focus of this work is to investigate the structural and acoustic responses of a submarine hull under axial excitation. The submarine hull is modelled as a cylindrical shell with internal bulkheads and ring stiffeners. The cylindrical shell is closed by truncated conical shells, which in turn are closed at each end using circular plates. The entire structure is submerged in a heavy fluid medium. The structural responses of the submerged vessel are calculated by solving the cylindrical shell equations of motion using a wave approach and the conical shell equations with a power series solution. The displacement normal to the surface of the structure in contact with the fluid medium was calculated by assembling the boundary/continuity matrix. The far field radiated sound pressure was then calculated by means of the Helmholtz integral. Results from the analytical model are compared with computational results from a fully coupled finite element/boundary element model. The individual and combined effects of the various influencing factors, corresponding to the ring stiffeners, bulkheads, conical end closures and fluid loading, on the structural and acoustic responses are characterised by examining the contribution by the circumferential modes. It is shown that equally spaced internal bulkheads generate a periodic structure thus creating a grouping effect for the higher circumferential modes, but do not have strong influence on the sound radiation. Stiffeners are found to have an important effect on both the dynamic and acoustic responses of the hull. The contribution of the conical end closures on the radiated sound pressure for the lowest circumferential mode numbers is also clearly observed. This work shows the importance of the bending modes when evaluating the sound pressure radiated by a submarine under harmonic excitation from the propulsion system.

Excitation of the low frequency vibrational modes of a submerged vessel can generate significant radiated noise levels. Vibrational modes of a submarine hull are excited from the transmission of fluctuating forces through the shaft and thrust bearings due to the propeller rotating in an unsteady fluid. The focus of this work is to investigate the structural and acoustic responses of a submarine hull under axial excitation. The submarine hull is modelled as a cylindrical shell with internal bulkheads and ring stiffeners. The cylindrical shell is closed by truncated conical shells, which in turn are closed at each end using circular plates. The entire structure is submerged in a heavy fluid medium. The structural responses of the submerged vessel are calculated by solving the cylindrical shell equations of motion using a wave approach and the conical shell equations with a power series solution. The displacement normal to the surface of the structure in contact with the fluid medium was calculated by assembling the boundary/continuity matrix. The far field radiated sound pressure was then calculated by means of the Helmholtz integral. Results from the analytical model are compared with computational results from a fully coupled finite element/boundary element model. The individual and combined effects of the various influencing factors, corresponding to the ring stiffeners, bulkheads, conical end closures and fluid loading, on the structural and acoustic responses are characterised by examining the contribution by the circumferential modes. It is shown that equally spaced internal bulkheads generate a periodic structure thus creating a grouping effect for the higher circumferential modes, but do not have strong influence on the sound radiation. Stiffeners are found to have an important effect on both the dynamic and acoustic responses of the hull. The contribution of the conical end closures on the radiated sound pressure for the lowest circumferential mode numbers is also clearly observed. This work shows the importance of the bending modes when evaluating the sound pressure radiated by a submarine under harmonic excitation from the propulsion system.

O projeto do teto cônico de um tanque atmosférico depende da análise de duas condições de carregamento independentes. Para a condição 1 tem-se a carga de peso próprio mais a carga de equipamentos, passarela e outros. Para a condição 2 tem-se a carga de peso próprio mais a carga de vento. A carga de vento muda à medida que se muda o ângulo de inclinação do teto e, essa relação de carga/inclinação, é diferente para cada relação h/D (altura/diâmetro) do tanque. Portanto, a espessura do teto para uma dada inclinação deste é desconhecida e, consequentemente, o seu peso também. Surge então a necessidade de utilizar uma ferramenta para encontrar o melhor ângulo que minimize o peso do teto. O tanque em estudo é um tanque com altura do costado h de 12 m e diâmetro D de 12 m, sendo, portanto, um tanque com relação h/D = 1. Todas as etapas foram integralmente desenvolvidas dentro da plataforma do programa Ansys Workbench. Para a simulação da condição 2, como primeiro passo são obtidas as pressões exercidas pelo vento sobre o teto do tanque através do programa Ansys CFX; no passo seguinte, através da interação fluido-estrutura, essas pressões são utilizadas como condição de contorno pelo programa Ansys Mechanical. Para a simulação da condição 1 é utilizada uma pressão externa para baixo de 1 kPa mais a carga do peso próprio. Os resultados da simulação estrutural são os deslocamentos nos nós do teto e a tensão de von Mises para as duas condições de carga. O processo de otimização é realizado pela ferramenta Goal Driven Optimization do programa Ansys Workbench com o objetivo de minimizar o peso do teto. As variáveis de projeto são a espessura e o ângulo de inclinação do teto. Como restrições na estrutura do teto, os deslocamentos são limitados a 1 mm e as tensões são limitadas a 145 MPa para as duas condições de carregamento. Os resultados encontrados mostram que, para esse tanque, o ângulo de inclinação ótimo é 29,48º. / The design of the conical roof of an atmospheric tank depends on two independent loading conditions. For the first condition we have a roof dead load plus the load of equipments, walkway and others. For the second condition we have a roof dead load plus the wind load. The wind load on roof changes as the angle of slope of the roof changes and this relationship is different for each h/D (height/diameter) ratio of the tank. If the load is unknown, then the thickness of the roof is unknown too and hence its weight is unknown. Then comes the need to use a tool to find the best angle of slope that minimizes the weight of the roof. The study is carried out in a tank with cilindrical body height h of 12 m and diameter D of 12 m, therefore a tank with ratio h/D = 1. All steps were fully developed within the Ansys Workbench platform. As a first step pressures of the wind over the roof of the tank are obtained through the Ansys CFX. Through the fluid-structure interaction these pressures are used as boundary conditions by Ansys Mechanical for the simulation of the second condition. To simulate the first condition it is used a external downward pressure of 1 kPa plus the roof dead load. The structural simulation results are displacements in the roof nodes and von Mises stresses for the two conditions analyzed. The optimization process is performed by the tool Goal Driven Optimization of Ansys Workbench Program and the goal is to minimize the weight of the roof. The design variables are the thickness and the angle of slope of the roof. As constraint displacements obtained in the two load conditions are limited to 1 mm and stresses are limited to 145 MPa. For the studied tank, the optimum angle of inclination of the roof is 29,48º.