When translating from English into Swedish long sentences may be a problem. In this paper an academic text with long sentences and an abstract content is translated and adapted for a larger target reader group. The strategies used in this process of translation and adaptation to make the text more readable are analysed regarding changes in sentence structure, noun phrases and connectors. The terminology of Vinay and Darbelnet’s theoretical model for translation strategies is used to describe some of the changes found. Transposition, such as changes from nouns to verbs and modulation, such as changing from abstract to concrete are frequently used strategies in the process of making the translation adapted for new readers. Furthermore, long sentences have been broken into two or more shorter ones and in this process the importance of connectors has increased to keep the information together. To see the effects of the changes LIX and the ratio between number of nouns and verbs have been used. The LIX value decreased from 64 till 56 for the whole text and the noun verb ratio decreased in all the sentences analysed.

No description available.

The research presented in this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of demountable shear connectors as an alternative to welded shear connectors in composite structures through push off tests and composite beam tests. Push off tests were conducted to examine the shear strength, stiffness and ductility of demountable shear connectors in composite structures. The experimental results showed that demountable shear connectors in composite structures have very similar shear capacity to welded shear connectors. The shear capacity was compared against the prediction methods used for the welded shear connections given in Eurocode 4 and AISC 360-10 and the methods used for bolted connections in Eurocode 3 and ACI 318-08. It was found that the AISC 360-10 and ACI 318-08 methods overestimated the shear capacity in some cases. The Eurocode method is conservative and can be utilised to predict the shear capacity of demountable connectors in composite structures. The experimental studies of two identical composite beams using demountable shear connectors and welded shear connectors showed very similar moment capacity. However, the specimen with demountable shear connectors was more ductile compared to the welded specimen. The experimental study suggests that the methods available in Eurocode 4 and BS 5950 for predicting moment capacity and mid span deflection can be adopted for composite beam with demountable shear connectors. In addition, a finite element analysis of push off test and beam test with demountable shear connectors was also conducted for parametric studies and results are used to evaluate the behaviour of composite structures.

The diploma thesis deals with textual analysis, their methods and subsequent aplication of these mehods within the methods of newspapers´ editorials of journals Le Monde and Lidové noviny. The aim of the thesis is the analysis of editovals from the point of view of their structure and argumentation and specification and functioning of means used for argumentation. The thesis is divided into the part practical and theoretical. The first part deals with the general characteristics of newspaper´s editorial, as the type of communication and methods of textual analysis. The practical part is dedicated to its own analysis of editovals from the point of view of their structure and functioning of individual means of argumentation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-01-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 manfio_ak_me_assis.pdf: 1042336 bytes, checksum: 8d1c2f30c20e568ef5a5974b7c2eb6ce (MD5) / O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é o uso dos conectores discursivos nas produções escritas de aprendentes universitários, falantes de Português Brasileiro, alunos do Curso de Letras que estudam formalmente o Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira há 1 ano e 6 meses. Pretendemos perscrutar o uso correto e incorreto dos conectivos, nesses textos, para conhecer as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes no processo de aquisição/aprendizagem de uma Língua Estrangeira tão próxima à sua Língua Materna. Os dados que conformam o corpus de investigação são descritos e analisados por meio do modelo de pesquisa da Análise de Erros, fundamentado pela Pragmática e pela Análise do Discurso. Foram examinados 36 textos de 6 sujeitos, amostra representativa de 130 produções dos informantes com idade entre 19 e 35 anos. Trata-se de um estudo sincrônico, longitudinal e seccional por amostragem que acompanhou os participantes do 3º ao 4º ano do Curso de Letras de uma universidade pública de Mato Grosso do Sul, ofertado na cidade de Dourados. / The objective of study of this research is the use of the discourse connectors in writing productions of university learners, Brazilian Portuguese speakers, students from Letters Course who formally are studying Spanish as a foreign language for a year and a half. We objectified to investigate the correct and incorrect use of the connectives in those texts to recognize the difficulties faced by the students in the process of acquisition/learning of a so close foreign language of their native language. The data which conform the corpus of the investigation are described and analyzed through the pattern of research on Errors Analysis, well-founded by the Pragmatic and the Discourse Analysis. The representative cast of 130 productions by informers with the ages between 19 and 35, were analyzed 36 texts with 6 subjects. This is a matter of a longitudinal synchronous study through the sampling which went along with the announcers from junior and senior of the Letters Course of a public university in Mato Grosso do Sul, offered by the City of Dourados.

El present estudi és una mostra d'aplicació de les teories lingüístiques de base cognitiva i la Lingüística de Corpus a l'estudi de l'evolució diacrònica d'uns elements essencials en situacions contraargumentatives: els connectors de contrast. Es fa una anàlisi diacrònica de la gènesi, específicament, dels connectors parentètics que expressen contrast. Aquesta anàlisi fa servir com a eines fonamentals la Pragmàtica del Discurs, la Teoria de la Inferència Invitada del Canvi Semàntic d'Elizabeth Traugott i les darreres aportacions sobre el paper dels usuaris -tant emissor com receptor- en el procés de negociació del significat i, doncs, de canvi semàntic. Parem una atenció especial sobre els fenòmens de la Subjectivació i de la Intersubjectivació (Traugott, 2010; Nuyts, 2005; Narrog, 2012) per entendre l'evolució diacrònica lingüística -morfològica, sintàctica i semàntica- i pragmàtica dels valors de noresmenys, nogensmenys i tanmateix: des de la seva font originària de [CÀLCUL] fins als valors actuals com a connectors parentètics de contrast amb matisos adversatius i concessius. Combinem, doncs, d'una banda, la reflexió teórica sobre el paper de la Inferència Invitada i la Pragmaticalització en el canvi semàntic amb, de l'altra banda, l'aplicació d'aquesta reflexió en gènesi dels valors de contrast. L'estudi es fonamenta en les dades d'ús extretes dels corpus textuals digitalitzats, fonamentalment, el CIMTAC, el CICA i el CTILC. Aquests corpus han permès de reconstruir el procés seguit per aquests connectors desde l'edat mitjana fins a l'actualitat: han fet possible una anàlisi qualitativa detallada dels contextos específics que van afavorir la seva gènesi i el canvi semàntic i la gramaticalització que han anat experimentant al llarg d'un període de temps i d'una diversitat de textos i de varietats territorials considerables. La tria d'aquests connectors en concret ha servit també per a mostrar la influència que va tenir el procés de codificació del català del segle XX en la recuperació de material lingüístic pretèrit i en l'adaptació d'aquest material als usos comunicatius de la llengua estàndard.

No description available.

The research presented in this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of demountable shear connectors as an alternative to welded shear connectors in composite structures through push off tests and composite beam tests. Push off tests were conducted to examine the shear strength, stiffness and ductility of demountable shear connectors in composite structures. The experimental results showed that demountable shear connectors in composite structures have very similar shear capacity to welded shear connectors. The shear capacity was compared against the prediction methods used for the welded shear connections given in Eurocode 4 and AISC 360-10 and the methods used for bolted connections in Eurocode 3 and ACI 318-08. It was found that the AISC 360-10 and ACI 318-08 methods overestimated the shear capacity in some cases. The Eurocode method is conservative and can be utilised to predict the shear capacity of demountable connectors in composite structures. The experimental studies of two identical composite beams using demountable shear connectors and welded shear connectors showed very similar moment capacity. However, the specimen with demountable shear connectors was more ductile compared to the welded specimen. The experimental study suggests that the methods available in Eurocode 4 and BS 5950 for predicting moment capacity and mid span deflection can be adopted for composite beam with demountable shear connectors. In addition, a finite element analysis of push off test and beam test with demountable shear connectors was also conducted for parametric studies and results are used to evaluate the behaviour of composite structures. / EPSRC and the University of Bradford

Yes / Steel-concrete composite structures are commonly used in buildings and bridges because it takes advantage of tensile strength of steel and compressive strength of concrete. The two components are often secured by shear connectors such as headed studs to prevent slippage and to maintain composite action. In spite of its popularity, very little research was conducted on steel-concrete composites particularly on headed stud shear connectors in regards to its post-fire behaviour. This research investigates the post-fire behaviour of innovative shear connectors for composite steel and concrete. Three type of connectors were investigated. They are headed stud shear connectors, Blind Bolt 1 and Blind Bolt 2 blind bolts. Push-out test experimental studies were conducted to look at the behaviour and failure modes for each connector. Eighteen push tests were conducted according to Eurocode 4. The push test specimens were tested under ambient temperatures and post fire condition of 200˚C, 400˚C and 600˚C. The results in ambient temperature are used to derive the residual strength of shear connectors after exposing to fire. Findings from this research will provide fundamental background in designing steel-concrete composites where there is danger of fire exposure.

No