Magistro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro 57 puslapiai. Jame yra 8 lentelės, 31 paveikslėliai, 44 literatūros šaltiniai ir 13 priedų. Magistro darbe tiriama antropogeninio poveikio įtaka Vidzgirio botaninio draustinio retiems augalams. Darbo objektas- reti augalai augantys Vidzgirio botaninio draustinio teritorijoje. Darbo tikslas- įvertinti retų augalų dinamiką per pastaruosius metus ir ieškoti priemonių jų išlikimui. Darbo metodai- retų augalų gausumui nustatyti naudojomės Botanikos instituto parengta monitoringo metodika (Parengta Zigmanto Gudžinsko 2001 m. Botanikos institutas, Floros ir geobotanikos laboratorija). Aprašant augavietę kiekvienos rūšies augalų gausumas ir padengimas vertinami balais pagal Braun- Blanquet skalę . Atlikus tyrimus ir įvertinus retų augalų paplitimą nustatyta, kad 7 iš 11 rastų retų augalų auga antropogeninio poveikio zonoje Jų augavietės yra šalia upelio, piliakalnio ir mokomojo tako. Šios vietos yra gausiai lankomos. Reti augalai augantys Vidzgirio botaniniame draustinyje nukenčia nuo intensyvios rekreacijos, kirtimų, šiukšlių. Tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad sumažėjo tamsialapio skiautalūpio individų skaičius. Pagausėjo plačialapės klumpaitės individų skaičius. Rastos naujos retų augalų augavietės. Norint užtikrinti saugomų augalų augaviečių stabilumą, ypač vertinguose miško sklypuose reikia taikyti tokį patį ūkininkavimo režimą, kaip I grupės miškuose, visoje draustinio teritorijoje vengti bet kokių introdukuotų augalų rūšių sodinimo, sureguliuoti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final master degree work of University, 57 pages, 31 figures, 8 tables, 36 references, 44 appendix. Master degree work cover the studies of antropogenic effect to the rare plants, which are growing in the botanical conservation area of Vidzgiris. The object of research- rare plants growing in conservation area of Vidzgiris. The aim of research- to evaluate dynamic over the recently years of rare plants and to seek measures for their survival. These methods were used while writing the work: for the identifying superfluity of rare plants the monitoring methods were applied prepared by the Botanical Institute (prepared by Zigmantas Gudžinskas 2001, Botanical Institute, in Flora and Geobotany laboratory). By using descriptive method it was evaluated the superfluity and coating of every sort of plant for populations association using Braun- Blanquet rates scale. After research and evaluating spread of rare plants instituted that 7 of 11 rare plants are growing in the zone of antropogenic effect. They growing places are near the stream, mound and educational path. Rare plants in the botanical conservation area of Vidzgiris are influencing by intensive recreation, deforestation, rubbish. At the time of research estimated that number of Epipactis atrorubens has decreased. Number of Cypripedium calceolus has increase. Were found new places were rare plants can grow. That to secure protected rare plants growing places is need to fit farming mode like in the I group forest... [to full text]

<p>Cape Town is a unique city. It has a global biodiversity hotspot, in the midst of an urban area. Historically, nature conservation practice excluded and marginalized certain groups of people based on their race and class. This has led to peoples&lsquo / disconnection from nature. Rapid biodiversity loss is a major concern for conservators. In the last three decades, there has been a paradigm shift in conservation practice in certain parts of the world. The Cape Flats Nature programme based in Cape Town followed suit and aimed to stimulate a bottom-up participatory approach to conservation and replace the traditional top-down management strategy. The programme was tasked to reconcile the challenges of complex and conflicting relationships between urban poverty, unequal access to resources and biodiversity conservation. This study was aimed at investigating the relationships between conservation management, community partners and urban conservation areas. These relationships are vital for the progression of new conservation practice in places where people live and work. In addition, the transformative aspects of conservation in relation to social inclusion and the shift in conservation approaches was investigated. The study was conducted at five of Cape Town&lsquo / s nature reserves, Edith Stephens Wetland Park, Macassar Dunes, Harmony Flats, Wolfgat and Witzands Aquifer Nature Reserves. Data collection included in depth interviews with key informants from various conservation organizations, the Cape Flats Nature Programme team, the managers of the selected reserves and community partners. Others included observational methods and analysis of secondary data. It was found that relationships between conservators and local communities are not easily created and maintained but relationships regardless of its depth are equally beneficial to communities and the conservators. Balancing social needs with conservation needs is a struggle for conservators but many successes came in cases where this balance was realized. In addition, the transformation of conservators&lsquo / identity has changed community perceptions of conservation practice holistically. Although, many informants feel that transformation continues to remain unequal.</p>

<p>Cape Town is a unique city. It has a global biodiversity hotspot, in the midst of an urban area. Historically, nature conservation practice excluded and marginalized certain groups of people based on their race and class. This has led to peoples&lsquo / disconnection from nature. Rapid biodiversity loss is a major concern for conservators. In the last three decades, there has been a paradigm shift in conservation practice in certain parts of the world. The Cape Flats Nature programme based in Cape Town followed suit and aimed to stimulate a bottom-up participatory approach to conservation and replace the traditional top-down management strategy. The programme was tasked to reconcile the challenges of complex and conflicting relationships between urban poverty, unequal access to resources and biodiversity conservation. This study was aimed at investigating the relationships between conservation management, community partners and urban conservation areas. These relationships are vital for the progression of new conservation practice in places where people live and work. In addition, the transformative aspects of conservation in relation to social inclusion and the shift in conservation approaches was investigated. The study was conducted at five of Cape Town&lsquo / s nature reserves, Edith Stephens Wetland Park, Macassar Dunes, Harmony Flats, Wolfgat and Witzands Aquifer Nature Reserves. Data collection included in depth interviews with key informants from various conservation organizations, the Cape Flats Nature Programme team, the managers of the selected reserves and community partners. Others included observational methods and analysis of secondary data. It was found that relationships between conservators and local communities are not easily created and maintained but relationships regardless of its depth are equally beneficial to communities and the conservators. Balancing social needs with conservation needs is a struggle for conservators but many successes came in cases where this balance was realized. In addition, the transformation of conservators&lsquo / identity has changed community perceptions of conservation practice holistically. Although, many informants feel that transformation continues to remain unequal.</p>

Cape Town is a unique city. It has a global biodiversity hotspot, in the midst of an urban area. Historically, nature conservation practice excluded and marginalized certain groups of people based on their race and class. This has led to peoples‘ disconnection from nature. Rapid biodiversity loss is a major concern for conservators. In the last three decades, there has been a paradigm shift in conservation practice in certain parts of the world. The Cape Flats Nature programme based in Cape Town followed suit and aimed to stimulate a bottom-up participatory approach to conservation and replace the traditional top-down management strategy. The programme was tasked to reconcile the challenges of complex and conflicting relationships between urban poverty, unequal access to resources and biodiversity conservation. This study was aimed at investigating the relationships between conservation management, community partners and urban conservation areas. These relationships are vital for the progression of new conservation practice in places where people live and work. In addition, the transformative aspects of conservation in relation to social inclusion and the shift in conservation approaches was investigated. The study was conducted at five of Cape Town‘s nature reserves, Edith Stephens Wetland Park, Macassar Dunes, Harmony Flats, Wolfgat and Witzands Aquifer Nature Reserves. Data collection included in depth interviews with key informants from various conservation organizations, the Cape Flats Nature Programme team, the managers of the selected reserves and community partners. Others included observational methods and analysis of secondary data. It was found that relationships between conservators and local communities are not easily created and maintained but relationships regardless of its depth are equally beneficial to communities and the conservators. Balancing social needs with conservation needs is a struggle for conservators but many successes came in cases where this balance was realized. In addition, the transformation of conservators‘ identity has changed community perceptions of conservation practice holistically. Although, many informants feel that transformation continues to remain unequal. / Magister Artium - MA

Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) are considered a suitable strategy to combine nature conservation and poverty alleviation in southern Africa, usually through ecotourism. There have, however, been critical voices questioning whether this is actually succeeding. Many researchers claim that the conservation and tourism efforts are leaving the local communities at greater risks of impoverishment rather than helping them. This study consults previous research to examine this issue through the examples of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA), and the communities living close to its National Parks in Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The methodology used is a systematic literature study of 26 secondary sources. The study finds that the previous research reveals that the experiences of the communities vary between different areas in the TFCA. The general feeling is that of displacement in different ways, except in those communities that have found ways of empowering and developing themselves; through tourism schemes. Otherwise, the attitude from the authorities in the national parks of the TFCA seems to be that the conservation and tourism efforts in the area are given priority over the local residents’ needs. Theories such as systems ecology, sustainable development and deep ecology may have answers to this issue on paper, however judging from the reality presented in the literature used in this study they are not realistic in practice. What is obvious is that economic interests are prioritized in the GLTFCA just as in the rest of the world.

Thesis (M.S. - Renewable Natural Resources)--University of Arizona, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-193).

Thesis (M. S. - Natural Resources)--University of Arizona, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-122).

Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-45). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

A Área de Proteção Ambiental APA é, talvez, a mais complexa de todas as unidades de conservação, pois apresenta grandes desafios para que se consiga atingir seu ambicioso e complexo objetivo legal: o de compatibilizar a conservação da natureza com o uso sustentável de parcela dos seus recursos naturais. A partir de experiências práticas e estudos acadêmicos reunidos nesta pesquisa, busca-se demonstrar os pontos positivos e problemáticos para a implementação dessas unidades. Autores atuantes em várias disciplinas são tematizados ajudando-nos a encontrar caminhos para superar as dificuldades e promover aquilo que se mostra como a perspectiva futura para o mundo, que é uma alternativa de projeto de desenvolvimento. As instituições responsáveis pela gestão de territórios complexos têm significativo déficit a ser vencido, enquanto que as competências governamentais instituídas abrem espaço para a participação da sociedade. Trata-se de um outro nível de governança, mais complexa, e que exige criação de procedimentos e motivação para uma participação legítima e representativa. Neste trabalho são levantadas as experiências das APAs federais, através da análise da categoria, do levantamento de cada APA em seu contexto, e da dinâmica relativa a cada uma com base em busca na Web. A partir dessas informações, são feitas relações que, cotejadas com outras opiniões teóricas consideradas, apontam para possíveis encaminhamentos a serem buscados para as diferentes situações de gestão. Da análise de situação das APAs conclui-se que cabe construir a governança para operacionalizar uma política pública a ser co-protagonizada com a sociedade civil, que envolve um compromisso entre esta, os poderes constituídos e um projeto futuro, feito em conjunto, reconhecido como legítimo e coletivo. Implementar uma APA significa executar esse projeto, ou seja, levá-la da abstração sob a forma de mera definição legal que é para uma realidade concreta. Para isso, há que se compreender o lugar que, em sua corelação com o território usado, permite a construção da cidadania. Requer-se um sistema de gestão de caráter permanente, participativo, abrangente e inclusivo, atendendo à diversidade de paisagens e sua gente. / The Environmental Protection Area EPA is perhaps the most complex type of Protected Areas in Brazil, since its legal objective - to combine the conservation of nature and the sustainable use of natural resources involves great challenges. This paper focuses on positive and problematic issues for implementing the category, based on selected experiences and academic studies about related themes. The diversity of themes involved leads to some selected authors to overcome obstacles against what may be seen as a new perspective for a world development project. In this country, the institutions responsible for managing complex territories have a significant deficit to exceed, while the participation of society has an open space to be filled. Therefore it is a matter of building up a more complex level of governance, which requires the creation of new procedures and the necessary motivation for a legitimate representative participation, under a stewardship approach. In addition to many aspects of the EPA category itself, this work analyzes each one of the federal Environmental Protection Areas regarding their broader context and dynamics as they are perceived on Web search sites. Based on this information, some relations for each EPA are designed considering theoretical inputs in order to set in motion adequate management systems for such different situations. As a conclusion, implementing a public policy with society as a joint-protagonist means to build the governance, which involves a commitment between society and the constituted powers for a future, legitimate and collective common project. In other words, implementing an EPA means to carry out this project, turning it from the abstraction of an official definition into reality. To accomplish this, the environment that nurtures citizenship must be fully understood through permanent participation and an all-encompassing management system that take into account the diversity of the scenery and people involved.

Population dynamics and spatial pattern of dipterocarp seedlings were investigated in lowland dipterocarp forest in Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, East Malaysia. Seedlings (< 10 cm gbh) were enumerated in two areas (2.0 and 0.48 ha) within the tree enumeration plots established by the University of Stirling project, and surveyed over 22 months. Seedlings of the major canopy and emergent dipterocarps in the area were common: Shorea johorensis (Red Meranti); S. argentifolia, S. leprosula, S. parvifolia (Light Red Merantis, LRM) and Parashorea maleanonan, all light demanding species; S. fallax,S. pauciflora (Dark Red Meranti, DRM), more shade tolerant emergent species; and Hopea nervosa, Vatica dulitensis and V. sarawakensis, shade tolerant canopy species. Total seedling densities were 2000-2500 ha-1. Mortality rates varied from 0 to 16% yr-1 in different species, and were highest in the LRMs and lowest in the canopy species. Temporal and spatial variation in mortality rates was greatest in the LRMs. In both plots, seedling mortality rates were significantly positively correlated with basal area of conspecific trees ≥10cm gbh. Net growth rates were very variable, even within size classes in the same species. Median growth rates were highest in the LRMs and lowest in canopy species. Frequency distributions of growth rates were strongly leptokurtic in slow-growing species, with most seedlings having growth rates around zero, although individual seedlings could produce large increments. In fast-growing species, more seedlings achieved high growth rates. A significant proportion of seedlings suffered height loss due to falling debris, and almost half the seedlings showed evidence of previous stem damage. Large growth increments were recorded in most species in response to canopy openings, usually very small gaps caused by branch falls. Individual increments exceeded 1 m yr-1 in seven species. Growth and mortality rates were significantly positively correlated across species in Plot 1, but not in Plot 2. Seedling spatial patterns were examined in eleven species in Plot 1, and covered a wide range of degrees of aggregation. Seedlings of the light-demanding emergent species were we1l-distributed throughout the study area, though some showed aggregation at a small scale. DRM seedlings were strongly clumped around adult trees. Seedlings of two of the canopy species were very strongly aggregated around adult trees, while the third species, V. sarawakensis, had randomly distributed seedlings.