Vad blir vi lyckliga av? Ett exmensarbete som genom betraktelser skapat illustrationspar. En av illustrationerna i paret visar vad reklamen säger oss, vill få oss att känna och handla, den andra illustrationen visar hur vi kan ha det i stället genom lyckliga stunder. För lycka ligger inte i reklamens påhittade konsumtionsvärld, utan inom oss själva. I vår egna personliga upplevelse av lycka. / What makes us happy? This bechelor project consist of illustrated pair of images. One of the illustrations shows what the advertisement tells us, wants us to feel and act, the other illustration shows how we can have it instead through happy moments. For happiness dwells not in the imaginary consumtion world of advertising, but within ourselves. In our own personal experience of happiness. / <p>Examensarbetet har tre bilagor.</p><p>Bilaga1 Tidigare arbete "Att sprida budskap"</p><p>Bilaga 2 Broschyren "nu"</p><p>Bilaga 3 Vykort</p>

Devrions-nous nous fier à notre inconscient pour l’achat de notre maison ou de notre prochaine voiture ? Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren et van Baaren, (2006), répondent par l’affirmative à cette question. En effet, d’après ces chercheurs, effectuer une tâche de distraction, comme résoudre des anagrammes pendant quelques minutes, permettrait de « penser inconsciemment » et d’améliorer la qualité des décisions complexes. Avant de prendre une décision complexe, il faudrait donc s'abstenir de réfléchir à l'ensemble des avantages et inconvénients que présenterait chaque option. Etant donné les implications de ces résultats dans divers domaines tels que le management, la politique ou encore la justice, l’objet de cette thèse consistera à réexaminer et passer au crible la méthodologie des expériences relatives à la « théorie de la pensée inconsciente » (Diksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006). Les sept études menées suggèrent que l’apparente supériorité des décisions prises après une période de distraction n'est pas le fruit de la "pensée inconsciente" mais résulte en fait d'un effet néfaste de la réflexion consciente pouvant survenir lorsqu’une première impression de bonne qualité a été formée au préalable. Les résultats indiquent également qu’en l’absence de première impression, la réflexion s’avère bénéfique. / Should we trust our unconscious when buying a house or a new car? That is exactly what Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren and van Baaren, (2006) have been recommending. Indeed, according to these researchers, performing a distraction task such as solving anagrams would allow to think unconsciously and therefore enhance the quality of complex decisions. Before making a complex decision, we should thus avoid thinking consciously about the advantages and drawbacks of each alternative. Given the implications of these findings in various areas such as management, politics, or justice, this thesis will thoroughly reexamine the method of experiments relative to the unconscious thought theory (Diksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006). The seven experiments suggest that the apparent superiority of decisions made after distraction does not result from unconscious thought but rather from the fact that further conscious deliberation can deteriorate high quality first impressions. The results also suggest that thinking consciously enhances the quality of decisions in the absence of such prior first impressions.

The Swedish company Kockums AB, at the forefront within maritime and naval technology, is in need of a tool, document, and/or method to include environmental aspects in their product development process. This is mainly because of additional requirements put on Kockums AB from their main customer. Ship recycling is the major issue that has to be addressed and included in Kockums AB’sworking procedures. Moreover, ship recycling is a pressing issue to handle due to horrible conditions in South Asian countries, where most ship dismantling is taking place. For these reasons, the objective of this M.Sc. thesis was to integrate environmental aspects in the product development process at Kockums AB by designing and proposing a way of implementing a tool, document, and/or method. Environmental product requirements that Kockums AB is demanded to fulfill mainly derives from customers, classification societies, laws and legislations, and themselves. The Hong Kong Convention has been adapted, in 2009, but is yet to enter into force. Ship recycling is covered by the convention,and an ‘Inventory of Hazardous Materials’ has to be provided from the ship builder, and hence this is the main aspect for Kockums AB to consider. Naval ships are, however, excluded from the Hong Kong Convention. Kockums AB does not have a routine on how to handle environmental requirements nor are environmental aspects included in their product development process. Consequently, Kockums AB’senvironmental ambition should not be put too high and rather aim at follow laws. In an empiricalstudy, regarding environmental aspects at Kockums AB, difficulties were identified. Lack of environmental knowledge, communication problems, and misunderstandings regarding the ambiguous term environment showed to be most notable. The three most prominent success factors for asuccessful integration of ecodesign, from the conducted literature review and empirical findings, are education for employees, existence of an environmental champion, and top management support. A Long-term Environmental Action Plan (LEAP), which took the success factors into account and contains 18 Actions, was developed for Kockums AB, and is the ultimate result of this research. The LEAP was developed in accordance with ISO 14006, a new standard for incorporation of ecodesign in Environmental Management Systems, with the aim of reducing adverse environmental impactsthroughout a product’s lifecycle. Moreover, the proposed way of implementing the LEAP was based on a ”Plan, Do, Check, Act” methodology from Product-Oriented Environmental Management Systems (POEMS). POEMS focus on a product’s environmental efficiency throughout its lifecycle, by a systematic integration of ecodesign in the company’s strategies and practices, and hence continual improvements. This way of implementation should be familiar to Kockums AB because the company is certified according to ISO 14001, where continual improvement of environmental performance is a key factor. The proposed LEAP includes tools, documents, and methods that are to be used in daily work and product development at Kockums AB. It is a step towards environmentally conscious design and enhanced environmental knowledge at Kockums AB. Additionally, as a result of the LEAP, the expectation is that environmental conscious mindsets of employees arise.

Devrions-nous nous fier à notre inconscient pour l’achat de notre maison ou de notre prochaine voiture ?Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren et van Baaren, (2006), répondent par l’affirmative à cette question. En effet, d’après ces chercheurs, effectuer une tâche de distraction, comme résoudre des anagrammes pendant quelques minutes, permettrait de « penser inconsciemment » et d’améliorer la qualité des décisions complexes. Avant de prendre une décision complexe, il faudrait donc s'abstenir de réfléchir à l'ensemble des avantages et inconvénients que présenterait chaque option. Etant donné les implications de ces résultats dans divers domaines tels que le management, la politique ou encore la justice, l’objet de cette thèse consistera à réexaminer et passer au crible la méthodologie des expériences relatives à la « théorie de la pensée inconsciente » (Diksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006). Les sept études menées suggèrent que l’apparente supériorité des décisions prises après une période de distraction n'est pas le fruit de la "pensée inconsciente" mais résulte en fait d'un effet néfaste de la <p>réflexion consciente pouvant survenir lorsqu’une première impression de bonne qualité a été formée au préalable. Les résultats indiquent également qu’en l’absence de première impression, la réflexion s’avère bénéfique. / Should we trust our unconscious when buying a house or a new car? That is exactly what Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren and van Baaren, (2006) have been recommending. Indeed, according to these researchers, performing a distraction task such as solving anagrams would allow to think unconsciously and therefore enhance the quality of complex decisions. Before making a complex decision, we should thus avoid thinking consciously about the advantages and drawbacks of each alternative. Given the implications of these findings in various areas such as management, politics, or justice, this thesis will thoroughly reexamine the method of experiments relative to the unconscious thought theory (Diksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006). The seven experiments suggest that the apparent superiority of decisions made after distraction does not result from unconscious thought but rather from the fact that further conscious deliberation can deteriorate high quality first impressions. The results also suggest that thinking consciously enhances the quality of decisions in the absence of such prior first impressions.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished