O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar dos novos arranjos produtivos encontrados na indústria automobilística brasileira - o consórcio modular e o condomínio industrial. Essas novas configurações envolvem novas formas de relacionamento entre montadoras e fornecedores: no condomínio industrial, fornecedores de primeiro nível constroem instalações próximas às plantas da montadora, em alguns casos no mesmo terreno, de onde partem entregas de componentes ou subconjuntos em esquema just in time ou just in time seqüenciado. No consórcio modular, os fornecedores de primeiro nível e a montadora operam sob um mesmo edifício, e toda a montagem do veículo é realizada pelos fornecedores - ou \"parceiros\". A montadora não possui mão-de-obra direta e os investimentos são compartilhados. Discutimos, neste trabalho, os \"comos e porquês\" de tais arranjos: que lógicas levam ao surgimento dos consórcios e condomínios; que produtos e empresas fornecedoras são escolhidos como participantes; que vantagens e desvantagens podem ser obtidas para montadoras e fornecedores. Como pano de fundo, mostramos as políticas globais de escolha de fornecedores adotadas pelas montadoras nos anos 90 - o global e o follow sourcing. Como conclusão geral, temos que tais arranjos são frutos de uma lógica de redução de custos via melhoria da cadeia de suprimentos; que, em geral, como os condomínios e consórcios as montadoras podem obter muitas vantagens de curto prazo, enquanto as maiores vantagens para os fornecedores serão alcançadas em prazos mais longos; que a questão do poder das montadoras na cadeia produtiva é central, porque elas coordenam toda a formação dos arranjos, definindo quem e como participa; e que, devido às características intrínsecas a tais configurações, cada vez mais os fornecimentos diretos são restritos a empresas multinacionais, deslocando as empresas nacionais a posições mais afastadas do topo da cadeia produtiva. / This study aims to analyse two new productive arrangements found in the Brazilian automobile industry - the \"modular consortium\" and the \"industrial condominium\". Those new configurations involve new relationship forms between assemblers and suppliers: in the industrial condominium, first tier suppliers build their facilities close to the assembler\'s plant, in some cases in the same land, from where they deliver components or subsets in a just-in-time or just-in-sequence basis. In the modular consortium, first tier suppliers and the assembler operate under the same building, and the whole vehicle assembly is accomplished by the suppliers - or \"partners\". The assembler does not possess direct labour and investments are shared. We discuss, in this study, the \"hows and whys\" of such arrangements: which is the logics that leads to consortia and condominiums; which products and companies are chosen as participants; which advantages and disadvantages can be obtained for assemblers and suppliers. As a background, we show the global politics of choice of suppliers adopted by the assemblers in the 1990s - global and follow sourcing. As general conclusions, we have the following: such arrangements result from a logic of cost decrease through improvements in the supply chain; in general, with the condominiums and consortia, assemblers may obtain many short term advantages, while the main advantages for suppliers will be reached in the long term; the issue of the power of assemblers in the productive chain is central, as they coordinate the whole settlement of such arrangements, defining who will participate and how; and, due to intrinsic characteristics of such configurations, direct delivers are more and more restricted to multinational companies, moving Brazilian companies to more distant positions in the supply chain.

Pesquisas atuais demonstram respostas positivas em plantios de Eucalipto consorciados com Acacia mangium. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos sistemas puros e mistos de Eucalyptus grandis e A. mangium na estrutura das comunidades de bactérias e fungos do solo. Avaliou-se a estrutura dessas comunidades num gradiente de profundidade do solo. Foram abertas trincheiras profundas em plantios puros de Acácia (100A), Eucalipto (100E) e em sistemas mistos entre as duas espécies (A+E). No plantio misto fizeram-se coletas de solo e raízes na base da Acácia A(A+E) e na base do Eucalipto E(E+A). Cerca de 10 camadas do solo foram avaliadas ao longo do perfil das trincheiras, sendo coletados pontos de 0 a 800 cm, com 4 repetições cada. As comunidades microbianas foram monitoradas por PCR-DGGE, onde foi observado um forte efeito da profundidade do solo nas comunidades microbianas. Agrupamentos específicos foram formados em cada profundidade amostrada. Plantios puros de Eucalipto selecionaram grupos de bactérias diferentes dos que foram encontrados em 100A, A(A+E) e E(E+A). A comunidade de fungos totais não sofreu diferenciação de grupos nos plantios estudados, ao passo que os perfis de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) do solo no tratamento A(A+E), foram significativamente diferentes dos grupos encontrados nos demais tratamentos. Numa análise de correlação, realizada por RDA, ficou indicado que a comunidade de FMA do tratamento A(A+E) correlacionou-se positivamente com os valores de P no solo. Outra variável quantificada foi a abundância de bactérias e fungos, indicadas pelo número de cópias do gene ribossomal 16S DNAr e ITS, respectivamente. Quando comparadas as camadas superficiais do solo (0-20 cm), não foi possível encontrar diferenças na abundância de cópias dos genes 16S e ITS em todos os tratamentos. Ocorreu uma queda exponencial no número de cópias desses genes com o aumento da profundidade do solo. Porém, o tratamento 100E apresentou maior número de cópias em profundidade (de 300-800 cm) dos genes 16S e ITS do que qualquer outro tratamento. Em relação a presença específica de FMA, houve baixa colonização e baixa abundância de esporos de FMA em todos os tratamentos, sendo o tratamento 100E mais colonizado que os demais. Ao todo foram encontradas 16 espécies de FMA, sendo a maior parte pertencente ao gênero Acaulospora. Ao contrário dos FMA, os plantios apresentaram colonização radicular pronunciada por ECM. Conclui-se que nestes sistemas florestais uma espécie de planta parece ser mais importante que a outra na estruturação da comunidade microbiana e que alguns fatores do solo podem ser preponderantes nessa separação. O conhecimento dessas comunidades é de suma importância em plantios florestais, principalmente por estarem envolvidos diretamente nos ciclos biogeoquímicos e, sobretudo, por se tratar de uma forma de plantio florestal nova, promissora e que aborda parâmetros de sustentabilidade. / Recently discoveries have shown positive responses in Eucalyptus plantations intercropped with Acacia mangium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pure and mixed systems (Eucalyptus grandis and A. mangium) on the microbial communities\' structure in soil. We evaluated the structure of these communities in a gradient of soil depth. In this context, deep trenches were digged in pure stands of Acacia (100A), Eucalyptus (100E) and mixed systems (A+E). In mixed forest plantations, soil and roots were sampled at the base of Acacia (A+E) and the base of Eucalyptus (E+A). Soil over 10 layers along the profile from 0 to 800cm were sampled, with 4 replicates each. The microbial communities were monitored by PCRDGGE, where we observed a strong effect of soil depth on microbial communities. As a result, specific clusters were formed in each soil layer. The community composition of Eucalyptus grandis stands was different from the community structure found in the 100A, A (A+E) and E (E+A) systems. The total fungal community did not show any group differentiation due to the plantation system, while the profiles of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of these three groups were significantly different from that of the treatment A (A+E). A correlation analysis performed by RDA indicated that the FMA community of the treatment (A+E) was correlated positively with P values in the soil. Another variable quantified was the community of bacteria and fungi, indicated by the number of copies of ribosomal 16S rDNA and ITS, respectively. Comparing the upper soil layers (0-20 cm), we couldn\'t find differences in the abundance of copies of 16S rRNA and ITS region genes in all treatments, but we observed an exponential decrease in 16S rRNA copy numbers with increasing soil depth. Regarding the presence of AMF, we found low root colonization and low abundance of AMF spores in all treatments, although 100E presented higher colonization rates than the others. Altogether, 16 AMF species were found, most of them belonging to the genus Acaulospora. We conclude that these forest systems a plant species seems to be more important than the other in the structuring of the microbial community and that some soil factors may be preponderant in this separation. The processes involving the dynamics of the microbial community structure is a crucial point in understanding the development of forest plantations, mainly by involving the biogeochemical cycles, when seeking for new promising approaches and sustainability parameters.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T13:38:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TARIC CALIL.pdf: 1844951 bytes, checksum: 614e1311a30c4c0431c95298ab56cb42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T13:38:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TARIC CALIL.pdf: 1844951 bytes, checksum: 614e1311a30c4c0431c95298ab56cb42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / The present study analyzes the influence of the public health consortium on the development of the municipalities of Goiás. The great autonomy given to municipalities in the period of redemocratication was initially accompanied by the decentralization of public policies, so that local power became responsible for the provision of increasingly public services. Although, the fiscal resources, which were also decentralized in principle, were once again concentrated under the control of the Central Government, gradually choking municipal income. All this movement forced local governments to find alternatives that would enable the execution of public services without compromising their financial health, as determined by the Fiscal Responsibility Law. It is in this direction that the public consortium appears as an instrument of cooperation between federated entities for the management of public policies of common interest. Thus, a detailed study is carried out on the public consortium, its concepts, historical trajectory, legislation, relevant statistical data and finally the analysis of the impact of the presence of public health consortium on Firjan Index of Municipal Development (health dimension) at the municipalities of Goiás. / O presente trabalho analisa a influência dos consórcios públicos da área da saúde sobre o desenvolvimento dos municípios goianos. A grande autonomia dada aos municípios no período de redemocratização pela Constituição Federal de 1988, foi inicialmente acompanhada pela descentralização de políticas públicas, de forma que o poder local se tornou responsável pela prestação de cada vez mais serviços públicos. Entretanto, os recursos fiscais, a princípio também descentralizados, voltaram a se concentrar sob o domínio da União, estrangulando paulatinamente as contas municipais. Todo esse movimento forçou os governos locais a encontrar alternativas que viabilizassem a execução dos serviços públicos sem comprometer sua saúde financeira, conforme exigência da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. É nesse sentido que surgem os consórcios públicos, como instrumentos de ação consorciada entre entes federados para a gestão de políticas públicas de interesse comum. Assim, detém-se um estudo mais aprofundado sobre os consórcios públicos, seus conceitos, trajetória histórica, legislação normatizadora e dados estatísticos mais relevantes até se chegar na análise do impacto da presença dos consórcios públicos de saúde sobre o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (dimensão saúde) dos municípios goianos.

No description available.

A Lei n.º 11.795/08 trouxe nova disciplina ao mecanismo do consórcio, originário da prática diária e utilizado para lidar com falta generalizada de crédito e com a galopante inflação, transformado agora em um sistema amplo, reconhecido como instrumento de progresso social que se destina a propiciar o acesso ao consumo de bens e serviços. O consórcio é tratado socialmente como agrupamento de sujeitos reunidos para o levantamento ao longo do tempo de recursos financeiros a serem aplicados na aquisição de bens ou serviços da mesma espécie, em quantidade correspondente ao número de membros do grupo. Sob a óptica da dogmática jurídica, a gênese de toda a disciplina do consórcio concentra-se no contrato de participação em grupo de consórcio, definido legalmente como instrumento plurilateral de natureza associativa cujo escopo é a constituição de fundo pecuniário para a finalidade de propiciar a seus integrantes, de forma isonômica, a aquisição de bens ou serviços, por meio de autofinanciamento. O objeto deste estudo consiste na busca da compreensão do sistema de consórcios por meio da classificação e da qualificação jurídica do contrato de participação em grupo de consórcio. / Law n. 11.795/08 has brought about a new understanding to consortium, which was initially developed by interested parties to remedy the general lack of credit and raging inflation and, is now transformed into a consortia system known as a social development instrument to facilitate the consumption of goods and services. Consortium is considered to an aggroupment of parties so gathered to raise financial resources to, in time, be used in the procurement of goods or services of the same nature, in a corresponding quantity to the number of members of the group. Under the perspective of legal doctrine, the genesis of all consortium related discipline is concentrated on the contract of participation on a consortium, which legal definition is a plurilateral associative document aiming to constitute a monetary fund to, isonomically, allow its participants to acquire goods or services by self-financing. The subject matter of this study is the search for comprehension about the consortia by the classification and legal qualification of the contract of participation on a consortium.

In the last decade, the Commonwealth Government has relied increasingly on policy-induced consortia to implement its education policy initiatives. The study focused on education policy pertaining to citizenship education, and specifically on the recommendations of the Civics Expert Group's 1994 report Whereas the people...Civics and Citizenship Education. The then Commonwealth Government called for policy-induced consortia to submit applications as a means to implement the report's recommendations. As a result, the Western Australian Consortium for Citizenship Education was formed. The Consortiums submission for a grant to assist teachers to prepare curriculum materials for citizenship education was successful. The study examined the decisions made by the Consortium members in relation to the curriculum materials project.The study was informed by an examination of literature pertaining to citizenship and citizenship education, the implementation of public policy, and group and curriculum decision-making. The review of the literature concerning the constructs of 'citizen' highlighted the contested nature of citizenship. In turn, this is reflected in the debates about the nature of citizenship education. As well, the literature review revealed many models of policy implementation and group curriculum decision-making do not adequately reflect the complexities and realities of group decision-making processes. The models often ignore the socio-political dynamics of the group, particularly in a policy-induced consortium, which exists for a specific and limited purpose, where members owe allegiance to their institutions rather than the consortium and where the consortium is accountable to a government department for the management of the project.A case study approach using qualitative methods was used. These methods and approaches are most likely to capture and interpret ++ / the humanness of group decision-making. Moreover, they take into account the importance of the values each member of the Consortium brought to the group and recognise that each member constructed his/her meaning as a result of social interaction with other Consortium members.The case study focused on a detailed examination of the work of the Western Australian Consortium for Citizenship Education and especially on the sub-group of the Project Management Committee over eighteen months. The notion of 'critical decisions' was used to analyse the Consortium's decision-making. Each critical decision had significant consequences for the ongoing work of the Consortium. The nature of the Consortium's decision-making highlighted the overwhelming importance of social dynamics over curriculum decision-making.The intentions of the study were to build towards a more complete understanding of the socio-political nature of group curriculum decision-making; to contribute to theorising about the humanness of group curriculum decision-making; and to provide an informed perspective about the significance of the Commonwealth Government's intervention in education through the mechanism of policy-induced consortia.The thesis makes a contribution to the socio-political dimension of group curriculum decision-making in federations. It illustrates that curriculum policy delivery is a socio-political process focussing on interpersonal relationships rather than a rational or deliberative process based on educational outcomes.

<p>A public private partnership is an alternative to procurement of the facility by the public sector, using funding from tax revenues or public borrowing. In a typical public sector procurement, the public authority sets out the specifications and design of the facility, calls for bids on the basis if this detailed design, and pays for construction of the facility by a private sector contractor. The public authority has to fund the full cost of construction, including cost overruns. Operation and maintenance of the facility are handled by the public authority and the contractor takes no responsibility for the long term performance of the facility after the construction warranty period has expired. In a public private partnership, on the other hand, the authority specifies its requirements in terms of outputs, which set out the public services which the facility is intended to provide, but which do not specify how these are to be provided. It is then left to the private sector to design, finance, build and operate the facility to meet the longterm output specifications. The project company receives payments over the life of the PPP contract, which are supposed to repay the financing costs and give a return to investors. The payments are subject to deductions for failure to meet output specifications, and there is no extra allowance for cost overruns which happen during construction or in operation of the facility.</p>

<p>The Web has been defined as the interface between Web servers and Web clients. Traditionally, HTML has been used as an intercommunication medium for the Web. Web-Based Information Systems (WBISs) is the most general class of Web sites being fully distributed, platform-independent and having a hypertextual user interface. XML is emerging as a new standard for data exchange and data representation on the Internet. The W3C Consortium is responsible for the development of standards for the Web. In this dissertation we have showed how XSL and XPath could be used to meet the query requirements of SWISS-PROT, which is a WBIS. We have showed that XSL offers some level of extensibility as a query language for SWISS-PROT, but if queries were to be extended to a high level of complexity XQuery would be more appropriate to use since using XSL for this purpose includes hand-coding of for-loops and if-statements. Another problem is related to maintenance. Updating the structure of the XML source would include updating hand-coded for-loops and if-statements. There is still no recommendation available for XQuery at the W3C Consortium. Considering other factors of information management, we have showed that XSL and XPath would play a significant role in displaying and formatting information in SWISS-PROT. This would though require that Web browsers in SWISS-PROT have standardised support for XML.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-222). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

A public private partnership is an alternative to procurement of the facility by the public sector, using funding from tax revenues or public borrowing. In a typical public sector procurement, the public authority sets out the specifications and design of the facility, calls for bids on the basis if this detailed design, and pays for construction of the facility by a private sector contractor. The public authority has to fund the full cost of construction, including cost overruns. Operation and maintenance of the facility are handled by the public authority and the contractor takes no responsibility for the long term performance of the facility after the construction warranty period has expired. In a public private partnership, on the other hand, the authority specifies its requirements in terms of outputs, which set out the public services which the facility is intended to provide, but which do not specify how these are to be provided. It is then left to the private sector to design, finance, build and operate the facility to meet the longterm output specifications. The project company receives payments over the life of the PPP contract, which are supposed to repay the financing costs and give a return to investors. The payments are subject to deductions for failure to meet output specifications, and there is no extra allowance for cost overruns which happen during construction or in operation of the facility.