This paper presents an explorative study of informal written narratives and oral picture descriptions in the native language as well as in the second language (L2) of six intermediate/advanced Dutch L1 learners of Swedish. Data from six Swedish L1 native controls, performing the same tasks as the learners, were also collected. Quantifications forthe following aspects of information structure were made for the transcribed oral descriptions: 1) reference introduction, including occurrences of spatial/existential constructions, 2) reference maintenance per type and finally 3) elements in the prefield. For the written material, elements in the prefield were analysed. Pronouns in all clausal positions andadverbials in the prefield were analysed in detail for both oral and written material. The following research questions were asked: Do Dutch L1 and Swedish L1 differ in their patterns of information structure within the area of referent introductions and maintenance and prefield constituents in picture descriptions? Do the L2 learners adhere to the target language(Swedish) patterns, the patterns of their mother tongue (Dutch), or does the interlanguage exhibit different patterns? In the written data, differences in percentages for prefield constituents emerged where Dutch L1 showed a more adverbial-initial pattern. No major differences were found in the oral data, where both languages exhibited a pattern of two thirds subject-initial clauses and one third adverbial-initial clauses. Some further differences were found concerning the distribution of subtypes of prefield constituents (such as place adverbials, subject pronouns, subject NP’s). Concerning the perspectives taken for referent introduction, Dutch L1 was slightly more spatial than Swedish L1. However, both languages exhibited a predominantly existential perspective. Substantial individual variation was foundin all three language varieties and for all features investigated. The learners in their Swedish L2 mainly followed the norms of the L2, but also showed patterns similar to those of their L1 as well as patterns neither connected to the L1 or the L2. The strict dichotomy ofspatial/existential perspective of referent introduction proposed by e.g. Carroll et al. (2000) was found to exclude many cases of referent introduction. Drawbacks of the present study are the small quantity of data and the lack of comparable studies; thus, this subject and language combination need to be researched further.

Abstract This research work focuses on how to improve the toughness of heat affected zones (HAZs) of low heat input welds in the case of high strength thermomechanically processed (TMCP) and recrystallization controlled rolled and accelerated cooled (RCR) plates with yield strengths of 355–500 MPa. Experimental work was aimed at the investigation of the intragranular nucleation of acicular ferrite or bainite in hot-rolled plates and the evaluation of the Charpy V and CTOD toughness of the most critical sub-zones of the weld HAZ using simulated specimens with a cooling time t8/5 = 5 s. The zones studied were the coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ), the intercritically reheated coarse-grained HAZ (ICCGHAZ) and the intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ), the metallographical analyses consisted of microstructural investigations complemented with hardness measurements. Optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed together with image and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The test results showed that the toughness of the various sub-zones of the HAZ is improved by promoting intragranularly nucleated ferritic-bainitic (acicular) microstructure in both the CGHAZ and in the base plate. In this way, the sub-zones subjected to intercritical thermal cycles (the ICCGHAZ and the ICHAZ) develop evenly distributed M-A constituents between ferrite and bainite laths. These favourable microstructures can be achieved by using titanium killing or by avoiding niobium microalloying by using copper plus nickel alloying instead. In the laboratory experiments titanium killed steel, containing titanium-manganese oxide/manganese sulphide inclusions with a number density of 300–750 particles/mm2, develops a largely acicular ferritic microstructure in the base plate provided the austenite grain size is greater than about 120 μm and the cooling rate is in the range 6–11 °C/s down to 500 °C. Under plate mill conditions, no significant amount of acicular ferrite could be obtained, because it was not possible to achieve austenite grain sizes larger than about 70 μm after rolling. However, a significant fraction of acicular ferritic-bainitic microstructure was achieved in the CGHAZ, when the austenite grain size exceeded 90 μm. When achieved, a uniform distribution of M-A particles in an acicular ferritic-bainitic microstructure improves toughness. Cracks nucleate at numerous sites on M-A/ferrite boundaries or bainite packet interfaces, but they are initially arrested in the acicular matrix. Crack growth finally occurs by linking of the numerous arrested microcracks.

Patchouli is an aromatic species of Asian origin that has been cultivated in various parts of the world for the extraction of essential oil of its leaves. The essential oil is used by the perfume, cosmetic and food industries. Patchouli is an economically important species need to have its genetic material preserved. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop protocols for micropropagation and in vitro conservation of three accessions of patchouli. For the experiments of micropropagation MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of kinetin and IAA or NAA were tested. For the acclimatization assays different mixtures of coconut coir and vermiculite supplemented with NPK fertilizer and limestone were tested. For callus induction, different doses of 2,4-D were combined with BAP and kinetin. For the in vitro conservation assays different growth temperatures, osmotic regulators and/or inhibitors of growth were tested. The different accessions showed shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis. Accession POG002 can be propagated using 0.5 mg.L-1 kinetin and 0.1 mg.L-1 NAA, accession POG014 using 2.0 mg L-1 kinetin and 0.1 mg.L-1 NAA, and accession POG021 using 1.0 mg.L-1 kinetin and 0.5 mg.L-1 IAA. The acclimatization of accessions POG002, POG014 and POG021 can be performed with the substrate coconut coir + NPK (3-12-6) fertilizer (12 g.L-1) + limestone (1 g.L-1). The larger sizes of calluses were obtained using: 0.022 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 0.113 mg.L-1 BAP, 0.022 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 0.225 mg.L-1 BAP and 0.110 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 0.113 mg.L-1 BAP for accession POG014; 0.022 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 0.113 mg.L -1 BAP, 0.022 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 0.225 mg.L-1 BAP for POG021; and 0.022 mg.L-1 2,4-D and 0.225 mg.L-1 BAP for POG002. The conservation of accession POG002 can be realized using 0.5 mg.L-1 abscisic acid for three months at 18°C; accession POG014 can be conservated for three months using 0.5 mg.L-1 of abscisic acid at 18°C; and POG021 can be maintained for six months using sucrose 10 g.L-1 and sorbitol 5 g.L-1 at 25°C. / O patchouli é uma espécie aromática de origem asiática que tem sido cultivada em diversas partes do mundo para extração de óleo essencial de suas folhas. Este óleo essencial é empregado nas indústrias de perfumes, cosmética e alimentícia. Por se tratar de uma espécie de importância econômica local e mundial o patchouli necessita ter seu material genético preservado. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver protocolos de micropropagação e conservação in vitro de três acessos de patchouli. Para os experimentos de micropropagação foi testado meio MS suplementado com diferentes concentrações de cinetina e as auxinas AIA ou ANA. Nos ensaios de aclimatização testou-se diferentes misturas de pó de coco e vermiculita suplementado com adubo NPK formulado e calcário. Para indução de calos, doses distintas de 2,4-D foram combinadas com as citocininas BAP e cinetina. Nos ensaios de conservação in vitro testou-se diferentes temperaturas de cultivo, reguladores osmóticos e/ou inibidores de crescimento. Os diferentes acessos apresentaram regeneração de brotos via organogênese direta. O acesso POG002 pode ser propagado na presença de 0,5 mg.L-1 de cinetina e 0,1 mg.L-1 de ANA; o acesso POG014 com 2,0 mg.L-1 de cinetina e 0,1 mg.L-1 de ANA; e o acesso POG021 com o emprego de 1,0 mg.L-1 de cinetina e 0,5 mg.L-1 de AIA. A aclimatização dos acessos POG002, POG014 e POG021 pode ser realizada com o substrato pó de coco + NPK (3-12-6) (12 g.L-1) + calcário (1 g.L-1). Os maiores tamanhos de calos foram obtidos nos seguintes meios: 0,022 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,113 mg.L-1 de BAP, 0,022 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,225 mg.L-1 de BAP, e 0,110 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,113 mg.L-1 de BAP para o acesso POG014; 0,022 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,113 mg.L-1 de BAP, 0,022 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,225 mg.L-1 de BAP para o POG021; e 0,022 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,225 mg.L-1 de BAP para o POG002. A conservação do acesso POG002 pode ser realizada com 0,5 mg.L-1 ácido abscísico por três meses a 18°C; o acesso POG014 pode ser conservado por três meses empregando 0,5 mg.L-1 de ácido abscísico a 18°C; e o acesso POG021 pode ser mantido por seis meses com uso de sacarose 10 g.L-1 e sorbitol 5 g.L-1 a 25°C.

This study utilized GIS and statistical methods to map the spatial variability of nitrate and related groundwater constituents in 30 counties above the Seymour Aquifer, analyze temporal patterns of nitrate pollution, identify probable sources of pollution, and recommend water development strategies to minimize exposure to nitrate and reduce future aquifer contamination. Nitrate concentrations in excess of 44 mg/L (US EPA limit) were commonly observed in the Seymour Aquifer region, especially in the central agricultural belt. Data indicated that this is an ongoing problem in the Seymour Aquifer and that agricultural activity and rural septic systems are the likely sources of the nitrate. Inconclusive results emphasized the need for a more comprehensive spatial and temporal water quality monitoring.

No description available.

Thesis(M.A. (Translation and Linguistics Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The aim of this study was to examine the notion of projection, as underpinned by the Projection Principle, between the subject, the verb, the object, the adjective and the adverb in Tshivenḓa. Data were collected through participant observation, wherein the researcher collected data in the form of clauses and sentences in Tshivenḓa. This study found that verbs and subject prefixes are predicates which project arguments in sentences. These arguments are characterised both linguistically and in the form of word realities. The study further found that Tshivenḓa is a pro drop language because the adjectival argument prefix can locate the subject argument in absentia. In turn, subject arguments and adjectival arguments carry the same class nominal prefix. The projection of elements of a sentence in Tshivenḓa identifies grammatical relations between constituents. Lastly, it is recommended that studies of a similar nature should be conducted in other African languages to establish how elements of a clause or sentence cohere as informed by the Projection principle.

A putative father registry represents a legal option for unmarried males who wish to secure legal notice regarding an adoption proceeding for a child they may have fathered. Putative father registries must balance the interests of the putative father against those of the child, the birth mother, and the adoptive parents. This study utilized a framework adapted from the Multiple Constituency Model and used social justice, as indicated by distributive justice and procedural justice, to determine the perceptions among primary constituency groups of the Virginia Putative Father Registry. This research utilized a mixed-methods approach to analyze qualitative data from focus groups in combination with quantitative results from an online survey. The results of the qualitative analysis revealed eight principal findings: First, nearly all putative fathers were unaware of the existence of putative father registry in general, or the Virginia Putative Father Registry in particular. Second, putative fathers were unaware that sex is legal notice in Virginia. Third, once aware of the concept of a putative father registry, the focus group males had positive opinions about putative father registries and the Virginia Putative Father Registry. Fourth, putative fathers preferred to receive notice through the mail regarding an alleged child. Fifth, putative fathers have a negative opinion of providing notice by posting it in newspapers. Sixth, promoting awareness of putative father registries needs to target male audiences and preferably have an interactive component. Seventh, putative fathers expressed strong positive feelings about knowing about a child they may have fathered being placed for adoption. Finally, single male participants in the focus groups were more convinced about the importance of a putative father registry in comparison to married male participants. Quantitative survey data indicated that putative fathers were perceived as the primary constituent group that would benefit the most from a putative father registry. The safeguard variable was significant as it relates to occupation, putative fathers and birth mothers. The study also found that survey respondents indicated that the general public was not aware of putative father registries, and this perception was borne out in focus group results.

Le règne végétal est une ressource renouvelable d'une large gamme de métabolites secondaires biologiquement actifs. Ces travaux de thèse proposent une stratégie multidisciplinaire d'évaluation du potentiel de composés phénoliques antimicrobiens d'origine végétale pour la conservation des aliments. Un criblage de l'activité antimicrobienne in vitro vis-à-vis de 8 souches de la flore pathogène et d'altération des aliments d'une centaine de molécules pures et une soixantaine d'extraits végétaux a d'abord permis de sélectionner les plus actifs. Différents mécanismes d'action vis-à-vis de S. aureus ont pu être mis en évidence par cytométrie de flux couplée à l'utilisation de marqueurs de l'état physiologique des bactéries pour quelques uns des composés actifs sélectionnés. En vue d'une application à de la viande bovine, l'activité antibactérienne des composés phénoliques ou extraits végétaux les plus actifs a été réévaluée dans des milieux de culture plus complexes mimant leur teneur en protéines et en matières grasses. Les résultats de ce criblage et un suivi microbiologique de viande hachée de bœuf avec 1% (m/m) d'extrait ajouté ont permis d'observer que les pertes d'activité antibactérienne observées étaient notamment corrélées aux interactions des composés phénoliques avec les protéines ou les matières grasses. L'incorporation des composés phénoliques ou extraits végétaux dans des matériaux d'emballage en contact alimentaire a constitué la seconde voie de mise en œuvre envisagée. Des films plastiques conservant une activité antibactérienne ont ainsi pu être élaborés par voie fondue / The plant kingdom is a renewable resource of a wide range of biologically active secondary metabolites. This thesis proposes a multidisciplinary strategy for evaluating the potential of plant-derived antimicrobial phenolic compounds for food preservation. A screening of the antimicrobial activity in vitro against 8 strains of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms of a hundred pure molecules and about sixty plant extracts allowed to select the most active. Different mechanisms of action with respect to S. aureus could be demonstrated by flow cytometry coupled with the use of probes of the physiological state of the bacteria for some of the selected active compounds. For application to beef, the antibacterial activity of the most active phenolic compounds or plant extracts has been re-evaluated in more complex culture media mimicking their protein and fat content. The results of this screening and a microbiological monitoring of minced beef with 1% (m / m) of added extract made it possible to observe that the observed losses of antibacterial activity were in particular correlated with the interactions of the phenolic compounds with the proteins or fat. Incorporation of phenolic compounds or plant extracts into packaging materials in contact with food constituted was the second proposed route of implementation. Plastic films that retain antibacterial activity have thus been able to be prepared by melting

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:11/21708-6

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiuseppeAP.pdf: 289778 bytes, checksum: 0019c3f931b948d4ac6b9aa32d20ec37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / &#65279;The use of radionuclides has contributed for advances in Health Sciences, to research or to the diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases. These advances have been possible with the utilization of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc). Stannous chloride (SnCl2) has the main reducing agent utilized to obtain radiopharmaceuticals labeled with technetium-99m. It has been reported that several natural or synthetic drugs are capable to alter the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, as well as the red blood cells morphology. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible alterations of Chrysobalanus icaco extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, on the morphology of RBC of blood of Wistar rats, on the breakage of plasmid DNA and on the effects of stannous chloride on plasmid DNA. The results showed significant (P<0.05) alteration of the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, as well as, modification of the morphology and morphometry (perimeter/area ratio) of the RBC in presence of the extract. These data suggest that this abajeru extract could alter the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc by its chelating/antioxidant action and/or effects on membrane structures. Moreover C. icaco extract altered the electrophoretic profile and decreased significantly (p<0.05) the effect of SnCl2 on plasmid DNA. The results obtained in this work could indicate a dose-dependent protective action against the SnCl2 and a genotoxic effect of C. icaco extract on plasmid DNA / &#65279;O uso de radionucl?deos tem contribu?do para avan?os relevantes em Ci?ncias da Sa?de, seja para pesquisa ou seja para o diagn?stico e/ou tratamento de doen?as. Muitos desses avan?os t?m sido poss?veis com a utiliza??o de radiof?rmacos marcados com tecn?cio-99m (99mTc). A marca??o desses radiof?rmacos necessita de um agente redutor e o cloreto estanoso tem sido o mais empregado. Tem sido descrito que diversas drogas naturais ou sint?ticas s?o capazes de interferir na marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos com 99mTc, assim como na morfologia das hem?cias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar poss?veis interfer?ncias de um extrato de Chrysobalanus icaco (C. icaco) na marca??o dos constituintes sangu?neos com 99mTc, na morfologia de hem?cias do sangue de ratos Wistar, na quebra de DNA de plasm?dios e na a??o do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Os resultados indicam que o extrato de C. icaco altera a marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos significativamente (p<0,05) com 99mTc, a morfologia e a morfometria (rela??o per?metro/?rea) das hem?cias, talvez por a??o quelante ou antioxidante e/ou por efeitos em estruturas da membrana envolvidas no transporte de ?ons. Al?m disso C. icaco altera o perfil eletrofor?tico e diminui significativamente (p<0.05) os efeitos do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Estes ?ltimos resultados sugerem uma a??o protetora dose-dependente contra a a??o do cloreto estanoso e um efeito genot?xico do extrato de C. icaco no DNA plasmidial. O estudo tem car?ter multidisciplinar com a participa??o das seguintes ?reas do conhecimento: Radiobiologia, Bot?nica, Gen?tica, Fitoterapia e Hematologia