Le système de justice constitutionnelle colombien est caractérisé par la richesse des moyens de protection de la constitution qu’il consacre. D’une part, il comprend un contrôle concentré dont la légitimité démocratique n’est guère questionnable au regard de son ouverture à la participation des citoyens et de son incidence autant sur la protection abstraite des droits fondamentaux que le sur contrôle des poids et contrepoids institutionnels. D’autre part, il existe un contrôle diffus qui, bien qu’il soit entré en vigueur au même moment que le contrôle concentré, n’a pas été véritablement au centre de la pensée juridique classique en Colombie. Il a fait l’objet d’un traitement très léger par la doctrine, la jurisprudence et la formation universitaire des juristes. En revanche, la culture juridique majoritaire, fortement « légicentriste », a conduit à des craintes autour de son utilisation qui se sont maintenues jusqu’à nos jours, malgré la transformation du droit impliquée par la Constitution de 1991. De plus, les contrôles diffus et concentré ne sont pas nés de manière coordonnée, la fonction de chacun n’étant pas délimitée. Tout au contraire, les dispositions qui les consacrent dans la Charte constitutionnelle octroient une portée très large au deux. Ainsi, l’étude s’achève-t-elle en proposant une conception du contrôle diffus qui interagisse de manière harmonieuse avec le contrôle concentré, afin de régler autant les inconstitutionnalités abstraites que concrètes. La thèse analyse donc quel a été - et quel devrait être - la place du contrôle diffus dans le système de justice constitutionnelle colombien en recourant à diverses méthodes de sciences sociales / The Colombian judicial review system is characterized by its wealth of methods of control. On the one hand, it has a concentrated control that reduces the democratic objection, comparatively speaking, because of the aperture to participation in its procedure and its impact both on the abstract protection of fundamental rights and on the control of respect for the checks and balances system. On the other hand, there is a diffuse control that, despite having entered into force at the same time as the concentrated control, has not been at the center of Colombian legal thought. In effect, its doctrinal and jurisprudential treatment has been scarce and superficial in the training of lawyers and judges. This is explained by a strongly exegetical law culture in which the idea of the non-application of rules was seen as a direct affront. Thus, fears were raised about the use of this mechanism that remain presently, despite the transformation of the concept of law as a result of the constitution of 1991. Indeed, the diffuse and concentrated controls were not conceived in a coordinated way, delimiting the function of each. In fact, the provisions that establish them tend to grant a very broad scope to both of them. Finally, this study proposes a concept of diffuse control that must interact harmoniously with concentrated control to restrain abstract and concrete unconstitutionalities. This thesis then ultimately analyzes the role diffuse control has had in (and should have in) the Colombian system of judicial review through various methodologies of the social sciences

The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic is incorporated in the system of the supreme state authorities and is responsible for the protection of constitutionalism. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the role of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic in the political system of the Czech Republic on basis of delimitation of function thereof, and of basic relations to other state power bodies. The subject matter of the first part of the thesis is characteristics of the constitutional justice and the significance thereof in a democratic constitutional state. This interpretation also includes comparison of two principal models - a diffusion model, and a concentrated constitutional justice model. The basic idea of the thesis is to explore the characteristic position of the Constitutional Court between the law and the politics, it deals with political aspects of constitutional justice. The thesis is based on constitutional approach and aims to answer the question of how much the relation of the Constitutional Court towards the politics is determined by the system (institutionally, functionally). The main part of the thesis analyzes incorporation of the Constitutional Court into the system, the position of the Constitutional Court as an independent body of judicial power, and the relations...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marconi Antas Falcone de Melo.pdf: 1000813 bytes, checksum: 199b709ba41d87876943bde8f5089c07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-06 / This work aims to investigate preparation on behalf of Brazilian Public Prosecution, for rational performance in Brazilian Constitutional Justice System. The research does not attempt to be a manual on constitutionality and rather aims to focus on the efficiency of preparation of the Brazilian Public Prosecution; which is its differential. The topic was chosen since the Public Prosecution is considered rather amateur regarding constitutionality issues. The main hypothesis was based on three pillars. The first one was related to the location of the Public Prosecution in the Brazilian legal, political as well as the legal- political sub-systems. This analysis permits a theoretical basis to legitimize specific constitutionality control in the constitutional justice system. In second place, the research aims to point out possible unconstitutionality and contradictory issues related to the Public Prosecution. These issues prevent efficient constitutional institutional action and involve themes such as member recruitment, unit principles, contradictions and redundancy present in secondinstances procedures in the Public Prosecution as well as allow rationalization of duties. The work also emphasizes the need or the creation of a Section for constitutional and action appeals. At the end, the research points out constitutionality control as well as other issues that acknowledge themes totally centered on the Brazilian Public Prosecution. The method used was of a focused research on legal science such as compared law and general theory of law. The theories were used since the theme requires comparative analysis in order to achieve consistent conclusions. On the other hand, the main fundaments used were Systems Theories according to Niklas Luhmann as well as other authors that deal with the topic. Some practical examples were used according to the Brazilian Supreme Court jurisprudence. Results show that there is a need for new laws regarding the matter as well as the promotion of legislative alterations so that the Public Prosecution is able to control constitutionality issues in an effective and satisfactory fashion so that it is able to rationally participate in the constitutional justice system / O presente trabalho objetiva investigar a preparação do Ministério Público para a atuação racional no sistema de justiça constitucional no Brasil. Não se trata de mais um manual sobre controle de constitucionalidade. O foco na preparação do Ministério Público para o eficiente exercício é o diferencial do trabalho. A escolha do tema justifica-se em virtude do amadorismo que vige no Ministério Público brasileiro em tal atribuição. Dentre as principais hipóteses articuladas, baseia-se a pesquisa em três pilares. Primeiro, a localização do Ministério Público nos subsistemas jurídico, político e jurídico-político, com o objetivo de dar base teórica para a legitimidade dos específicos controles de constitucionalidade no sistema de justiça constitucional. Segundo, apontar as próprias inconstitucionalidades e contradições do Ministério Público, as quais impedem uma atuação constitucional efetiva da instituição, passando por temas, como: recrutamento de membros, princípio da unidade, contradições e redundância na segunda instância ministerial, racionalização das atribuições. Discorre-se também sobre a necessidade de um núcleo de atuação recursal e constitucional. Por último, enfrenta-se o controle de constitucionalidade e outros temas da justiça constitucional, com abordagem totalmente centrada no Ministério Público. Trabalha-se com um método de pesquisa focado na ciência do direito comparado e com utilização da teoria geral do direito, em virtude de o tema exigir análises comparativas para se chegar a conclusões consistentes. Por outro lado, adota-se como fundamento a teoria dos sistemas, não somente na ótica de Niklas Luhmann, mas passando por outros autores que foram adiante de tal teoria, além da utilização de exemplificação prática, com o auxílio da jurisprudência do STF. Chega-se ao resultado de que são necessárias, de lege ferenda, muitas alterações legislativas, para que o Ministério Público possa postular o controle de constitucionalidade a contento, bem como para que possa participar do sistema de justiça constitucional com racionalidade

L’autonomie de la justice pénale des mineurs est un principe essentiel du droit français, bénéficiant d’un large ancrage dans la législation et les concepts républicains. Ce principe repose sur une approche protectrice et humaniste de l’enfance délinquante. Cependant, il n’a pas fait l’objet d’une consolidation constitutionnelle suffisante jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Le mouvement amorcé en 2002 de déspécialisation de la justice pénale des mineurs et son rapprochement avec la justice pénale des adultes en témoigne. Il sera proposé des pistes pour opérer une véritable consolidation constitutionnelle du principe d’autonomie de la justice pénale des mineurs et pour améliorer la protection constitutionnelle spécifique des mineurs délinquants / The autonomy of the juvenile criminal justice is a fundamental rule of the French law rooted in the legislation and the republican principles. This rule is based on a protective and humanistic approach of the juvenile delinquency. However, it has not been sufficiently consolidated to date. This fact is evidenced by the process of “despecialisation” of the juvenile criminal justice and its rapprochement with the criminal justice system for adults, which started in 2002. Ways to realise a real constitutional consolidation of the principle of the autonomy of the juvenile criminal justice and to improve the specific constitutional protection of juvenile delinquents will be suggested.

Šiame darbe siekiama atskleisti konstitucinio teisėtumo ir teisėtumo sampratą mokslinėje literatūroje. Remiantis normine literatūra siekiama išanalizuoti Lietuvos Konstitucinio Teismo ir kitų teisminių institucijų funkcijas, jų tarpusavio ryšį. Konstitucinio teisminio proceso pagrindiniai bruožai atskleidžiami civilinės, baudžiamosios, administracinės bei Čekijos ir Lenkijos konstitucinės teisenos kontekste. Pateikiama teismo proceso samprata, teismo proceso principai, analizuojamos stadijos, proceso subjektai, sprendimų rūšys. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimams, nes šie baigiamieji konstitucinės justicijos bylos teisės aktai turi įtakos teisėkūrai, bendrosios ir specialiosios kompetencijos teismams bei visai teisės sistemai apskritai. / This work is aimed at finding out the concept of legalicy and constitutional legalicy in academic literature. Considering law literature to analize functions of the Constitutional court and other courts of Lithuania and relation between them. The main features of the Constitutional court process are disclosed in the context of civil, criminal, administrative as well as Czeck and Poland constitutional proceedings. This work presents the concept of proceeding. It also analyzes the main principles, stages, subjects and judgements of proceeding. The main attention is paid to judgements of the Constitutional court as these documents influence the legislation of law, other courts of Lithuania and the system of law in general.

In this work author pursuing to compare Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian institutions of the constitutional justice, bring out similarities and differences. To take notice of place of these institutions in states government system, method of formation, judge status, jurisdiction of institutions, process basic features, and determined judgments legal force. Of every democratic countries law systems fundament is constitution, so it is very important to guarantee the supremacy of law. Undoubtedly institutions of constitutional justice takes up one of the important place in assurance of constitutional conformity in state. author analyses institutions which implement constitutional control in most related neighbor countries: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In Lithuania and Latvia to fulfill this function there are established special institutions – Constitutional courts, meanwhile in Estonia this function is dedicated to supreme instance of common court system – Supreme Court, and if to make clear, one of constituent part of this court – Constitutional Review Chamber. Also, the fundamental models of constitutional justice and it's variety, and the history of constitutional justice institutions in Baltic states were discussed in brief in this work. Author analyses, why these institutions are considered to be a part of common court system. Basing on descriptive, comparative and analysis method were investigated the order of these institution formation, legal status of judges, the... [to full text]

[pt] Justiça Constitucional: fundamentos nas teorias de Kant e de Rawls tem por objeto a investigação dos principais elementos conceituais das teorias de Kant e de Rawls e sua contribuição para uma proposta de justiça em nível constitucional. Pretende-se a compreensão das principais categorias moralfilosóficas destes pensadores de maneira a se correlacionar as teses universalista e procedimental em contextos da modernidade e da contemporaneidade. Busca-se, pois, enfrentar as perspectivas teóricas sobre justiça e constitucionalidade de maneira complementar, enfocando a necessidade da teoria constitucional discutir, precipuamente na visão do neo- constitucionalismo, as teorias da moral, base para a dimensão dos valores sócio-políticos. Destacam-se, em especial, alguns valores, pré-normativos, que devem ser apontados e difundidos como imperativos para uma sociedade constitucionalmente organizada, de vias democrática e cooperativa e moralmente sustentável. A hipótese, ora pretendida, baseia-se na demonstração teórica de que a justiça, conceitualmente compreendida, se funda numa dimensão de valores categóricos, moralmente aceita pelos agentes sociais, e possibilita a fundamentação de um Estado constitucional. Este é o ponto central da pesquisa ora desenvolvida. / [en] A doctorate thesis proposal about the basis of constitutional justice in Kant and Rawls demands one investigation of the basilar premises and concepts of the theories of the philosophies of Kant and Rawls and its contribution to justice in constitutional level. This research intend to comprehend the main moral and philosophical concepts of these philosophers in the way of their universalistic and procedural theories in the contemporary constitutional context. We try to focus on the necessity of the constitutional theory discuss, as the new proposal of the neoconstitutionalism, the moral theories as a social and political values. The hypothesis is based on the theoretical demonstration that justice has its foundation in categorical values, morally accepted by the social agents, and assure the possibility of a constitutional state, in fair terms of social cooperation and moral values.

L'accès direct des individus à la justice constitutionnelle a tendance en Allemagne et Espagne, contrairement à la France et à Italie où il n’est pas prévu, à modifier la nature classiquement objective de la mission de constitutionnalisation du juge constitutionnel par les buts subjectifs poursuivis par les recours individuels directs. Il déclenche, le cas échéant, chez le juge constitutionnel une fonction autre que la simple constitutionnalisation du droit, qui demeure objective dans le cadre de l’accès indirect et l'entraîne sur le terrain de la fondamentalisation du droit, qui revêt des caractéristiques très subjectives. C'est ce qui explique la concurrence entre le juge constitutionnel et les juges ordinaires et européens, et conduit le premier à se comporter en cour suprême en Allemagne et en Espagne où existent ces voies de recours. La fondamentalisation, qui est un processus plus vaste que la constitutionnalisation, oblige également le juge constitutionnel à s’adapter et à prendre part à la "circulation des solutions juridiques" / The direct access of individuals to constitutional justice has the tendency in Germany and Spain, contrary to France and Italy where it does not exist, to modify the current and objective nature of the mission of constitutionalisation of the constitutional judge through the subjective goals individual and direct recourses. It triggers, on the other hand, on the side of the constitutional judge another function than the simple constitutionalisation of law that remains objective in the case of the indirect access, which is leading to the fundamentalisation of law, which has very subjective features. This is explaining the competition between the constitutional judge and the ordinary and European courts that leads the first to behave in Supreme Court in Germany and Spain where those review procedures exist. The fundamentalisation, which is a wider process than the constitutionalisation one, also oblige the constitutional judge to adapt and to get involved in the “circulation of legal solutions”

Le projet du gouvernement grec en 2006 d’introduire une Cour constitutionnelle pour remplacer le contrôle diffus pose le problème du choix entre le modèle américain et le modèle européen. Il n’y a pas de supériorité inhérente d’un modèle sur le plan axiologique, logique, technique et empirique. Les défauts du système américain sont amplifiés en Grèce par le contexte européen de sorte que le système grec assure la dépolitisation du contrôle mais n’assure pas la sécurité juridique. De même, il est activiste en matière socioéconomique mais il ne l’est pas concernant les droits individuels de premier rang. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes correctifs (Cour suprême spéciale, Cour plénière, Tribunal des Salaires) aggravent le problème d’irrationalité en raison du grand nombre des juges. Ils engendrent aussi des décisions provocatrices dans les domaines électoraux et judiciaires. D’autre part, la Cour constitutionnelle se heurte à l’existence d’un système américain actif, d’un contexte culturel non continental, à l’interprétation historique des principes irrévisables et à un contexte social clientéliste. Plus particulièrement, la Cour constitutionnelle proposée favorise la loi en raison de la désignation des juges uniquement par le parti majoritaire et aussi de la saisine de la Cour dans le cas de deux invalidations successives de la loi. En conclusion, il est opportun d’établir un système mixte selon la nature des lois contrôlées comprenant une Assemblée Plénière restreinte et une Cour constitutionnelle constituée parmi une liste triple. / The project of the Greek government in 2006 to introduce a Constitutional Court in order to replace the diffused control poses the problem of the choice between the American model and the European model. There is non inherent superiority of one model from axiological, logic, technical and empirical point of view. The defaults of the American system are amplified in Greece by the European context, so that the Greek system assures the depoliticization of the control but it does not assure the legal security. In addition, it is activist in the socioeconomic domain but it is self-restrained concerning the fundamental liberties. The remedial mechanisms (Supreme Special Court, Plenary Court, “Tribunal of Wages”) aggravate the problem of irrationality, because of the existence of lot of judges and they engender also provocative decisions in the electoral and judicial domain. On the other hand, the introduction of a Constitutional Court comes up against the existence of an active American system, a non continental cultural context, the historical interpretation or irrevisable principles and a clientelist social context. More particularly, the proposed Constitutional Court favors the law owning to the fact that the judges are appointed only by the majority party and that the Court intervenes after two invalidations of the law. In conclusion, it is convenient to establish a mixed system according to the nature of controlled laws including a restricted Plenary Court and a Constitutional Court constituted among a triple list.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-14T11:44:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Leonardo Abas Frazão.pdf: 1628242 bytes, checksum: 71dbfe7fe1de99b60eef62ee705ebfae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-14T11:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Leonardo Abas Frazão.pdf: 1628242 bytes, checksum: 71dbfe7fe1de99b60eef62ee705ebfae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-29 / The following dissertation proposes to analyze if it competes to the Supreme Federal Tribunal of Brazil - STF to endorse the modifications of the fundamental values (constitutional compromises) of the constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988. It searches to comprehend the role of moderator of the quoted Court in relation to the national politicaldemocratic manifestations producing precedents that recognize, validate and, exceptionally, even create transitions of the constitutional compromises, aiming to represent the evolution of society. The development of this work is by means of a deductive approach that utilizes research of bibliographic reviews. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the phenomenon of modification of the constitutional compromises of the Major Law in force in Brazil and the special role of the Supreme Court in this process. Therefore, this work divides in three chapters, each being in charge of reaching a specific goal. The first one is dedicated to the studies of the origins of the judicial constitutionalism by the perspective of the Comparative Law, investigating the possibility of developing a central concept (subjective) for the constitutional justice, dedicated to affirm the preponderance of the legal control regarding the politics control in the ambit of the democratic Countries, in addition to proposing important advancements to the STF as the curator of Brazil’s constitution. The second one proposes to ascertain to which point, nature and degree the constitution allows a political actuation (politicity) of the STF destined to protect achievements originated from the concept of material democracy, such as existing rights already consecrated in the Constitution’s texts and as in relation to the apprehension of “new rights”. The third one investigates the deprecation of the possibility of modifications, followed by the Tribunal, to review the “spirit” of the Brazilian Constitution, under perspective of the Living Constitution Theory, altering constitutional compromises according to the political interests of the society, without, although, to break the legal regimen in force. It specially highlights the STF’s situation towards the majoritarian democracy and the preservation of the immutable clauses (art. 60, §4º, CRFB/88). In this sense, prosecution of the adaptability of the constitutional text to the current social reality happens through the actuation of the Constitutional Tribunal as a reader of the social aspirations, under perspective of the primacies ranked in the Major Law in Force in Brazil / A presente dissertação propõe-se analisar se compete ao Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil apoiar modificações quanto aos valores fundamentais (compromissos constitucionais) da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Buscou-se compreender o papel moderador do citado Tribunal em relação às manifestações político-democráticas nacionais, produzindo precedentes que reconhecem, validam e, excepcionalmente, até criam transições dos compromissos constitucionais, visando a representar a evolução da sociedade. O desenvolvimento do estudo dá-se por meio de uma abordagem dedutiva, que utiliza pesquisas de revisão bibliográfica e documental. O objetivo geral da dissertação é analisar o fenômeno da modificação dos compromissos constitucionais da Lei Maior vigente no Brasil e o especial papel da Corte Suprema nesse processo. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos, ficando cada um encarregado de alcançar um objetivo específico. O primeiro dedica-se ao estudo das origens do constitucionalismo judicial à luz do Direito Comparado, investigando a possibilidade de se desenvolver um conceito central (subjetivo) para a Justiça Constitucional, dedicado a afirmar a preponderância do controle jurídico em relação ao político no âmbito dos países democráticos, além de propor importantes avanços ao STF enquanto curador da Constituição do Brasil. O segundo se propõe a averiguar até que ponto (natureza e grau) a Constituição admite uma atuação política (politicidade) do STF destinada a proteger conquistas oriundas do conceito de democracia material, tanto quanto a direitos já consagrados no texto da Constituição quanto em relação a apreensão de “novos direitos”. O terceiro volta-se à depreensão da possibilidade de modificações, acompanhadas pelo Tribunal, revisarem o “espírito” da Constituição brasileira à luz da teoria da Constituição Viva, alterando compromissos constitucionais conforme o interesse político da sociedade, sem, contudo, interromper o regime jurídico vigente. Em especial, destaca-se a situação do STF perante a democracia majoritária e a preservação das cláusulas pétreas (art. 60, §4º, CRFB/88). Neste sentido, a persecução da adaptabilidade do texto constitucional à realidade social atual perfazse através da atuação do Tribunal Constitucional como leitor dos anseios sociais, à luz dos primados elencados na Lei Maior em curso no Brasil