Process modeling is used in construction to plan and manage the construction process and to support various simulation tasks. A major problem is that due to the one-of-a-kind character of construction projects a lot of work is spent manually developing an overall process schedule for each project. However, the total individual process is typically structured into multiple stages containing a number of recurring similar, but unequal, subprocesses that can be standardized, if appropriately generalized, to generic reusable process patterns. Moreover, not only processes, but also many general construction methods and strategies can be standardized and stored in the form of patterns and configuration rules, which will improve the consistency of modeling and also improve modeling time. The presented work addresses these issues and presents a new approach for the ontology-based process modeling and its combination with the rule-based process configuration. The proposed system supports the generation of process workflows for construction projects that could be later used in discrete-event simulation software or workflow programs. A formal high-level model for construction processes and a methodology for using process patterns in the configuration of complex construction tasks are the main focuses of this work. The base idea of the proposed approach is the development and use of two separate, but interrelated, ontologies and their integration with a general-purpose rule-engine. The first ontology is the Process Pattern Ontology, which is used to store reusable process patterns. The second is the Process Instance Ontology, which has similar taxonomy to the Process Pattern Ontology but is uniquely populated with specific process assertions for each construction case. The developed approach also suggests the application of the process patterns for the configuration of construction processes. This includes the mechanism of the process pattern retrieval, describing the extraction of the required process pattern from the Process Pattern Ontology, the intermediate adaptation step and the configuration step. The configuration step focuses on the integration of the rule-engine with the ontological knowledge-base, as well as on the application of different configuration strategies. With the help of these configuration strategies, realised by means of hierarchical rule sets, first a variation of the process and second a solution for the quick process configuration can be found. As a practical implementation of the proposed methodology a software prototype called Process Configurator is implemented within this work. This prototype realizes the interaction between all components of the ontology-based configuration approach presented in this work and supports the generation of process schedules for construction projects with the help of reusable process patterns and configuration rules.:1. Introduction 13 1.1. Motivation 13 1.2. Problem statement 14 1.3. Hypotheses 15 1.4. Objectives 15 1.5. A new approach of process modeling and configuration 17 1.6. Thesis outline 20 2. Process modeling 22 2.1. Basic issues 22 2.2. Business process modeling 25 2.3. Process modeling techniques 28 2.3.1. Integration Definition IDEF 28 2.3.2. UML 30 2.3.3. EPC 32 2.3.4. BPMN 35 2.3.5. Traditional modeling techniques 37 2.4. Process modeling in construction industry 41 2.4.1. Main features of process modeling in construction industry 41 2.4.2. Existing approaches in construction industry 44 3. Ontology-based modeling 58 3.1. Knowledge-based models 58 3.2. Ontology 64 3.2.1. Ontology description languages 65 4. Modeling of construction processes and process patterns 78 4.1. Reference modeling 78 4.2. Process pattern 81 4.2.1. Examples 83 4.3. Ontological framework 88 4.3.1. Motivation for using ontologies instead of databases 88 4.3.2. Ontology for process patterns 93 4.3.3. Ontology for process instances 99 5. Configuration of construction processes 103 5.1. Generation and configuration 103 5.2. Process pattern retrieval 104 5.3. Process adaptation 107 5.4. Process configuration 109 5.4.1. Configuration rules 109 5.4.2. Homogenous approach 111 5.4.3. Hybrid approach 115 5.4.4. Types of rules 119 5.4.5. Configuration strategies 122 6. Implementation 128 6.1. System architecture and its components 128 6.2. Process configurator 130 6.2.1. BPMN mapping 136 7. Case study 140 7.1. Case 1 140 7.2. Case 2 146 8. Conclusions and future research 149 8.1. Conclusions 149 8.2. Outlook 150 9. Appendix A. 156 A.1. Process Pattern 156 A.2. Rules overview 158 A.3. Rules implementation 160 10. References 163 / Prozessmodellierung wird im Bauwesen für die Planung des Bauablaufes genutzt, sowie insbesondere für die Unterstützung unterschiedlicher Simulationsprozesse. Das Hauptproblem ist, dass man wegen des Unikatcharakters der Bauprojekte viel Aufwand und Zeit braucht, um jedes Mal einen Prozessablaufplan des Projektes manuell zu erstellen. Allerdings besteht ein einzelner Gesamtprozess normalerweise aus mehreren Teilen, die ähnliche, aber nicht gleiche Subprozesse beinhalten. Diese Subprozesse können standardisiert, abstrahiert und dann als wiederverwendbare Referenzprozesse generalisiert werden. Außerdem lassen sich nicht nur Prozesse, sondern auch viele Baumethoden und Baustrategien in Form von Konfigurationsregeln formalisieren und speichern. Dies kann die Wiederspruchfreiheit der Modellierung gewährleisten und hat auch das Potential, die Modellierungszeit zu reduzieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, diese Aspekte zu analysieren und einen neuen Ansatz zur Kombinierung der ontologiebasierten Prozessmodellierung mit der regelba-sierten Prozesskonfiguration vorzustellen. Das dargestellte System unterstützt die Erstellung der Prozessablaufpläne für die Bauprojekte, die danach mit Hilfe von Simulationssoftware simuliert werden. In dieser Dissertation werden die Entwicklung eines formalen Modells für Bauprozesse und die Methodologie der Nutzung der Referenzprozesse bei der Konfigurierung komplexer Bauaufgaben beschrieben. Die grundlegende Idee des vorgeschlagenen Ansatzes ist die Entwicklung und die Verwendung zweier Ontologien. Die erste Ontologie wird als Process Pattern Ontologie bezeichnet und zur Speicherung der wiederverwendbaren Referenzprozesse eingesetzt. Die zweite Ontologie mit der Bezeichnung Process Instance Ontologie speichert die Prozessinstanzen für die spezifischen Bauprojekte. Die beiden Ontologien haben ähnliche, aber nicht gleiche, Strukturen und sind über eine Regel-Engine integriert. Der entwickelte Ansatz beinhaltet ebenfalls die Nutzung der Referenzprozesse im Konfigurationsprozess. Dies umfasst sowohl einen Mechanismus zur Abfrage der Referenzprozesse, welcher das Extrahieren des benötigten Referenzprozesses aus der Ontologie beschreibt, als auch die Anpassung der Referenzprozesse sowie deren Konfiguration mit Regeln. In der Konfiguration liegt der Fokus auf der Integration der Regel-Engine mit der ontologischen Wissensbasis und die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Konfigurationsstrategien. Mittels Konfigurationsstrategien, die mit Hilfe von hierarchischen Regelmengen realisiert werden, kann eine intelligente Lösung für die schnelle Prozesskonfiguration gefunden werden. Als praktische Implementierung der vorgeschlagenen Methodologie wird ein Prototyp, als Process Configurator bezeichnet, entwickelt. Der Process Configurator realisiert die Interaktion zwischen allen Komponenten des Systems und unterstützt die Erstellung der Prozessablaufpläne mit Hilfe der Referenzprozesse und Konfigurationsregel.:1. Introduction 13 1.1. Motivation 13 1.2. Problem statement 14 1.3. Hypotheses 15 1.4. Objectives 15 1.5. A new approach of process modeling and configuration 17 1.6. Thesis outline 20 2. Process modeling 22 2.1. Basic issues 22 2.2. Business process modeling 25 2.3. Process modeling techniques 28 2.3.1. Integration Definition IDEF 28 2.3.2. UML 30 2.3.3. EPC 32 2.3.4. BPMN 35 2.3.5. Traditional modeling techniques 37 2.4. Process modeling in construction industry 41 2.4.1. Main features of process modeling in construction industry 41 2.4.2. Existing approaches in construction industry 44 3. Ontology-based modeling 58 3.1. Knowledge-based models 58 3.2. Ontology 64 3.2.1. Ontology description languages 65 4. Modeling of construction processes and process patterns 78 4.1. Reference modeling 78 4.2. Process pattern 81 4.2.1. Examples 83 4.3. Ontological framework 88 4.3.1. Motivation for using ontologies instead of databases 88 4.3.2. Ontology for process patterns 93 4.3.3. Ontology for process instances 99 5. Configuration of construction processes 103 5.1. Generation and configuration 103 5.2. Process pattern retrieval 104 5.3. Process adaptation 107 5.4. Process configuration 109 5.4.1. Configuration rules 109 5.4.2. Homogenous approach 111 5.4.3. Hybrid approach 115 5.4.4. Types of rules 119 5.4.5. Configuration strategies 122 6. Implementation 128 6.1. System architecture and its components 128 6.2. Process configurator 130 6.2.1. BPMN mapping 136 7. Case study 140 7.1. Case 1 140 7.2. Case 2 146 8. Conclusions and future research 149 8.1. Conclusions 149 8.2. Outlook 150 9. Appendix A. 156 A.1. Process Pattern 156 A.2. Rules overview 158 A.3. Rules implementation 160 10. References 163

Les premières charpentes à chevrons formant fermes dont on a gardé en France des traces datent du XIème siècle. Ce principe va se maintenir jusqu'au XVIIème siècle, pour disparaître ensuite totalement. Leur dispositif morphologique change progressivement avec le temps. L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à comprendre les déterminants de cette évolution. Nous proposons deux explications à ces transformations : l'une repose sur l'évolution des connaissances en mécanique des structures. En sélectionnant des spécimens représentatifs des jalons identifiés par nos prédécesseurs, nous utilisons une modélisation numérique de ces structures hyperstatiques pour mieux comprendre le rôle précis jouée par les différentes pièces de la charpente. Les études comparées mettent ainsi en évidence un lent processus d'innovation où alternent des phases d'adaptation morphologiques conjoncturelles et la prise en compte d'une nouvelle connaissance mécanique induite par ces évolutions. L'autre prend en compte la problématique du levage de ces charpentes. En reconstituant certains spécimens remarquables et en étudiant leur mise en place, à l'aide de dispositifs de levage représentatifs de ceux utilisés à cette époque, nous cherchons à préciser la plausibilité de certains scénarios et les séquences opérationnelles associées. Les résultats invalident certaines hypothèses et en particulier, celle d'un assemblage des fermes au niveau du sol avant de les hisser sur les murs. Les premiers dispositifs longitudinaux reliant deux fermes principales apparaissent aussi comme une aide au levage : ils facilitent le travail en hauteur et permettent une mise en place simplifiée des chevrons / The earliest wooden rafter trusses in France can be traced back from the 11th century. Their morphology progressively changes in time until the 17th century, after which it disappears completely. This research is meant to be a contribution towards the understanding of the possible origins of such an evolution. Two explanations are proposed :the first one is based on the accumulation of knowledge in structural mechanics of the carpenters. Considering a selection of specimens that are representative of major milestones identified by previous authors, a numerical modelling of these hyperstatic structures is implemented so as to understand better the precise role played by the different elements of the framework. Comparative studies highlight a slow evolutionary process in which phases of situational shape adaptation alternate with periods of implementation of new knowledge extracted from these experimentations. The second explanation takes into account the problems related to the erection of the frames. Through reconstructions of remarkable specimens and the simulation of the assembly process using representative lifting devices, the credibility of a number of scenarios and operational sequences are evaluated. The results invalidate several assumptions and in particular, that of an assembly at ground level preceding the lifting into place. Furthermore, the first longitudinal systems connecting two principal trusses appear as an aid to the construction process: these facilitate safer in-situ operations and allow an easier assembly of the rafters

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T13:42:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Galvao Noronha.pdf: 15696306 bytes, checksum: 495600900f8692eb616af02de4b4a563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research proposes to discuss the process of production of investigative journalism, with the objective of verifying specificities in the productive process of the investigative report, which they cross since the survey of the staff, the procedures of calculation and the construction of the final material. The study assumes that there are differences between the production of daily journalism and investigative journalism, differences that define the practice of each one. With this, the research intends to characterize if the specificities of the investigative journalism constitute as a method of the process of production of investigative reporting, to systematize the investigative investigative reporting procedures and to contribute to the research on investigative journalism in Brazil. For that point, this work carried out a bibliographical survey on the investigative journalism object, interviews with professionals who work in this area and analysis of investigative reports. The theoretical framework is based on the theory of social construction, newsmaking and concepts about investigative journalism. The study concluded that, despite the similarity of investigative journalism procedures, investigative journalism presents the main specificity of how professionals appropriate these procedures. From this perspective, the research falls under Line 1 - Journalistic Production Processes of the Postgraduate Program in Journalism of the Ponta Grossa State University, which includes research projects on aspects and situations of journalistic production processes / Esta pesquisa propõe discutir o processo de produção do jornalismo investigativo, com objetivo de verificar especificidades no processo produtivo da reportagem investigativa, que atravessam desde o levantamento da pauta, os procedimentos de apuração e a construção do material final. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que há diferenças entre a produção do jornalismo diário e o jornalismo investigativo, diferenças estas que definem a prática de cada um. Com isso, a pesquisa pretende caracterizar se as especificidades do jornalismo investigativo se constituem como um método do processo de produção da reportagem investigativa, sistematizar os procedimentos de apuração da reportagem investigativa e contribuir para as pesquisas sobre jornalismo investigativo no Brasil. Para isso, este trabalho realizou levantamento bibliográfico sobre o objeto jornalismo investigativo, pesquisa documental, entrevistas com profissionais que atuam nessa área e análise de reportagens investigativas. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se na teoria da construção social, newsmaking e conceitos sobre jornalismo investigativo e apuração jornalística. O estudo concluiu que, apesar de similaridade de procedimentos de apuração com o jornalismo factual, o jornalismo investigativo apresenta como principal especificidade a forma como os profissionais se apropriam desses procedimentos. Sob esta perspectiva, a pesquisa se enquadra na Linha 1 - Processos de Produção Jornalística do Programa de Pós Graduação em Jornalismo da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, que contempla projetos de investigação sobre aspectos e situações dos processos de produção jornalística.

No âmbito da Arquitetura e Construção com terra, a produção de habitação social rural, nos últimos 30 anos, tem começado a se posicionar como uma solução contemporânea e viável ao problema da necessidade habitacional no mundo. O adobe, apesar de ser uma das técnicas e tecnologias mais antigas, tem sido pouco praticado no Brasil para a construção de obras novas, em contextos como o da habitação social rural. No entanto, dentre outras iniciativas destacam-se as do Grupo de Pesquisa em Habitação e Sustentabilidade HABIS, vinculado ao Instituto de Arquitetura da Universidade de São Paulo IAU-USP, o qual promoveu a implementação do adobe para a produção de três habitações em dois Assentamentos Rurais, ambos localizados no estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o processo construtivo em adobe de três habitações, sendo um no Assentamento Rural Pirituba II e dois construídos no Assentamento Rural Sepé Tiaraju, buscando identificar condições possivelmente relacionadas à conservação de duas destas casas e ao colapso da outra. O trabalho se desenvolveu por meio da pesquisa ação e o estudo de múltiplos casos, tendo como principais resultados a definição de etapas, variáveis e características do processo construtivo dos três casos, a partir de: a) um estudo independente, encontrando razões que levaram ao colapso de uma casa e aspectos das etapas construtivas que possibilitaram às outras duas ficarem em pé, em função do Assentamento Rural de que fazem parte; b) um estudo grupal, encontrando, por meio da criação de uma ferramenta de categorização, semelhanças, diferenças, problemas e avanços das etapas construtivas das habitações estudadas; c) uma análise integral considerando os seguintes aspectos do processo construtivo das habitações estudadas: projeto geral no âmbito do qual foram desenvolvidos, atores, tradição construtiva e o meio natural e climático. Com o estudo desenvolvido foi possível realizar um breve panorama, sobretudo internacional, de 16 exemplos similares ao objeto empírico desta pesquisa. / The production of rural housing with earthen construction techniques, in the last 30 years, has represented a modern and viable solution to the problem of housing need in the world. The adobe, despite being one of the oldest earthen techniques, has been little used in Brazil for the construction of new houses, especially as rural social housing. However, among other initiatives, stands out the experience of the Research Group on Housing and Sustainability - HABIS, linked to the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of São Paulo (IAU-USP São Carlos), which promoted the implementation of adobe on the production of three houses in two rural settlements, both located in the state of São Paulo. This work aimed to investigate the construction process of these three adobe houses, one in the Rural Settlement Pirituba II and two built in Rural Settlement Sepé Tiaraju, and the conditions possibly related to the conservation of two houses and the collapse of another. The work was developed through the action research methodology and the study of multiple cases, and the main results was the definition of the steps, variables and characteristics of the construction process of the three cases, achieved from: a) an independent study, finding reasons that led to the collapse of a house and aspects of constructive steps that enabled the other two to be concluded, according to each Rural Settlement; b) a group of studies, which showed similarities, differences, problems and progress of the construction stages of the studied houses, through the creation of a tool for categorization; c) a comprehensive analysis considering the following aspects of the construction process of the studied houses: general project under which they were developed, actors, building tradition and the natural environment and climate. With this study it was also possible to conduct a brief overview, especially international, of 16 examples, similar to the empirical object of this research.

The master’s thesis deals with project management issues with a focus on the specifics of the construction of new and modernisation of old fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants belonging to ČEZ, a.s. It summarizes the project management methodology and standards and integrates them into a unified information system, thus creating a sound platform that supports all company projects in all stages of their individual life cycles. This thesis analyses the current status of the application support and proposes extensions to the information system, which significantly increase its value.

O presente trabalho aborda as deformações por encurtamento dos pilares durante a fase construtiva. Deformações, estas, devidas à progressão das cargas, devidas à fluência e devidas à retração. Os encurtamentos provocam deslocamentos que são parcialmente corrigidos pelo processo construtivo, seja a obra executada com os pavimentos no nível de projeto ou com o piso-a-piso fixo. Dessa forma, o deslocamento final é inferior àquele obtido por um modelo de passo único que considera todas as ações ocorrendo após a finalização da estrutura. Uma metodologia para a estimativa dos encurtamentos e das correções é proposta e os resultados obtidos a partir dessa metodologia são validados por meio de comparações com modelos computacionais. Além disso, um carregamento fictício de temperatura é proposto para simular as correções construtivas no modelo de passo único. A variação de temperatura mostrou-se simples, precisa e útil nas análises de edificações de múltiplos pavimentos. Por fim, são discutidos os possíveis danos em elementos não-estruturais e maneiras de se mitigar esse problema. / The present study adress the issue of column shortening during the construction. These deformations are due to the progression of loads, due to creep and due to shrinkage. Shortenings cause displacements, that are partially compensated by the construction process, either the construction is performed with the floors executed at the design level, or the construction executed with fixed floor-to-floor dimension. Thus, the final displacement is lower than the displacement obtained by a single-step model, that considers all actions taking place after the structure is finished. A methodology for the estimation of shortenings and corrections is proposed and the results obtained from this methodology are validated through comparisons with computational models. In addition, a fictitious temperature load is proposed to simulate the constructive corrections in the single-step model. The temperature variation proved to be simple, accurate and useful in the analysis of multi-storey buildings. Finally, the possible damages in non-structural elements and ways to mitigate this problem are discussed.

Syftet med den här studien är att förbättra informationsflödet från projektering och produktion in i förvaltningen. Detta för att väcka ett intresse hos förvaltare och för att visa att det finns pengar att spara genom att ta hand om informationen från projekteringen och produktionen. Tidigare studier inom området BIM visar att stor fokus läggs på projektering och produktion men det är ett väldigt litet fokus på förvaltningen när man talar om BIM. Målet är att konkret kunna visa vad informationen är värd och att visa vilken information förvaltare använder och var den finns i byggprocessens skeden före förvaltningen. Rapporten bygger på en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och beräkningar. Förvaltare har blivit tillfrågade vilken information de använder i förvaltningen och sedan har projektör och entreprenör blivit tillfrågad ifall denna information finns att tillgå i projekteringen och produktionen. Värderingen av informationen har sedan gått till på två sätt. Det ena sättet är att bedöma kostnaden av att uppdatera information mot kostnaden att ta fram information på nytt. Det andra sättet är att med hjälp av nyckeltal (kronor per kvadratmeter) och den lista med typ av information som förvaltare använder, som sammanställts från intervjuerna, ta reda på vad information är värd. Det första sättet att värdera visar att det kostar lika mycket att hålla relationsritningar (A) uppdaterade i som minst 18år och i som mest 50år som att ta fram informationen helt på nytt. Nästan samma gäller för BIM-modell med avseende på relationsritningar (A). Fast där är kostnaden för framtagning på nytt lika stor som att hålla den uppdaterad i som minst 22år och i som mest 58år. Det andra sättet att värdera visar att mindre än 25% av den information man kan finna i projekteringen och eller i produktionen är värd cirka 10% av projekteringskostnaden. / The purpose of this study is to improve the flow of information from the design and construction phase into the facility management. This in order to make the facility managers see the advantages with BIM and to show that there is money to be saved by retrieving the information from the design and the construction phase. Earlier studies show that there actually has been quite little research done within BIM in the facility management and that the main focus has been at the design and the construction phase. The aim with the study is to specify the value of the information and to show which information facility managers use and where it can be retrieved from within the earlier phases of the construction process. The report is based on a literature study, interviews and calculations. A number of facility managers have been asked which types of information they use and designers and entrepreneurs have then been asked if these types of information can be found in the design and the construction phase. The information has been valued in two different ways. In one way the information was valued by comparing the cost between updating existing information or recreate the same type of information. The other way of valuing the information was to find out the worth of information by using key figures (SEK per square meter) and the list of information that facility managers use, which was made up from the interviews. The first way of valuing shows that the cost of producing as built drawings (A) in the facility management cost as much as keeping the same type of information updated for at least 18years and as most 50years. Almost the same goes for a BIM-model. Only there the difference is that the cost of producing a BIM-model focused on as built drawings (A) in the facility management cost as much as keeping the same type of information updated for at least 22years and as most 58years. The other way that the information was valued shows that less than 25% of the information that can be found in the design and/or construction phase is worth circa 10% of the projecting fee.

In this article intercultural education is discussed, cases from the Danish upper secondary school are analyzed, and some requirements for further development are proposed. First definitions of the concepts communication, communicative action, intercultural communication and intercultural education are given. Starting from these definitions it is argued that intercultural communication as well as intercultural education is possible. Then two cases are analyzed. Finally – in the Discussion – it is underlined that the students’ metareflection on the context dependence of the knowledge construction process is a pivotal precondition for successful intercultural education.

Historic towns and historic buildings are important witnesses of the past cultures and civilizations. Their sustainability and transfer to the next generations require continuous maintenance and repair interventions which should be compatible with their original construction techniques, details and materials. In order to define proper interventions to a historic building, it is necessary to understand how and from what it is built. Therefore, traditional construction materials, detailings and techniques should be well understood prior to any kind of intervention to a historic building. The objective of this study is, first of all, to provide a body of knowledge on traditional construction process and techniques / then, to store, structure, process, represent and share this knowledge in a systematic and controlled way by means of a web based GIS portal. In this respect, traditional timber framed houses of Tarakli in Sakarya has been chosen as the case study, on account of being one of the significant historical towns in our country where the tissue together with historical building is still conserved. For this study, among the applications of GIS technology, Web-based GIS has been determined as the most effective and functional tool in order to develop an online information portal for storing, displaying the collected raw data and sharing with other users as utilizable information.

Cette thèse examine comment se construit et évolue la légitimité individuelle du contrôleur de gestion en situation dans l’organisation. Dans un premier temps, un cadre conceptuel est élaboré pour permettre l’étude de la légitimité professionnelle individuelle d’un contrôleur de gestion. Est en particulier mise en évidence la présence de natures et de sources de légitimité distinctes, sur lesquelles se fondent les stratégies de légitimation des contrôleurs. La recherche se fonde sur des études de cas multiples réalisées sur trois terrains distincts. Elle permet de dégager des trajectoires individuelles de construction de légitimité. L’analyse transversale des cas révèle les mécanismes collectifs qui peuvent orienter les trajectoires. Elle détaille les mécanismes d’évaluation qui conduisent les trajectoires à être fructueuses, mais aussi infructueuses. Elle démontre également « l’attraction » que les pressions institutionnelles exercent sur ces trajectoires individuelles de construction de légitimité. / This PhD dissertation examines how the professional legitimacy of management accountants is individually built and evolves over time in organizations. First, a conceptual framework is set to study the individual professional legitimacy of management accountants. It particularly clarifies how legitimation strategies are based on different natures and sources of legitimacy. This research is based on multiple in-depth case studies led in three different organizations. In-depth analysis for each case and inter-case comparison provide a framework for drafting trajectories. Our findings reveal that controllers’ individual legitimacy trajectories end up at a common legitimacy referential (functional legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy), in accordance with management accountant profession archetypes. Our results show institutional pressures placed on the management accountant legitimacy construction process.