The articles studies the frequency and purpose of Internet use, the indicators of risk for Internet addiction and the persona lit y of 66 university students from a private university in Lima. These variables are analyzed together with the dimensions and facets of the NEOPI-R, based in the big five model. An association was found between the facets values (04) and actions (06), which belong to the Openness dimension (O), and the risk of Internet addiction. A deeper analysis reveals a positive relationship between the number of symptoms of Internet addiction and the Neuroticism (N) dimensiono Additionally, there is a negative relationship between the number of symptoms and the Consciousness (C) dimension,especially on the facets self-discipline (CS), dutifulness (C3), achievement-striving (C4) and deliberation (C6). / Se analizan los hábitos de consumo en Internet: frecuencia y finalidad de uso; los indicadores de riesgo de adicción al Internet, y la personalidad de 66 estudiantes de una universidad particular de Lima Metropolitana. Estas variables se analizan junto con las dimensiones y facetas del Inventario de Personalidad NEO-PI-R a partir del modelo de los cinco factores . Se encuentra una asociación entre las facetas valores (04) y acciones (06), pertenecientes a la dimensión Apertura (O), y el riesgo de adicción al Internet. Un análisis más profundo revela una relación positiva entre el número de síntomas de adicción al Internet y la dimensión Neuroticismo (N). Existe también una relación negativa entre el número de síntomas de adicción al Internet y la dimensión Conciencia (C), especialmente con las facetas autodisciplina (CS), sentido del deber (C3), motivación de logro (C4) y reflexión (C6).

Today, products are often being made through a linear approach, where raw materials are being taken from nature, produced into products that are used and then becomes waste. A circular model strives to minimize the amount of waste and the goal is to bring the materials back into the flow of products. In Sweden today, large amounts of textiles and clothing are being thrown in the household trash that in turn, becomes waste and there is no clear line for textile recycling. However, more and more companies have introduced the possibility for consumers to hand in clothes and textiles for them to recycle. This paper is centred around circular economy with a special focus on textile recycling. The paper has examined the disposal habits of textiles and clothing for consumers in Sweden and what Swedish companies are communicating regarding the possibility of recycling textiles through them. The study has examined both consumer habits and the communication from companies, since both parties must participate actively if a circular model is to be achieved. The study has also examined what affects the extent and expansion of the amount of textiles recycled by consumers. The study shows that large parts of consumers in Sweden participates in a circular system through, amongst other things, recycling of other materials, donating clothes and textiles for reuse and through mending broken pieces of clothing instead of throwing them away. However, the result shows that few recycle textiles and clothing, even though almost all recycle other materials in their households. The study shows a discrepancy between consumer knowledge and the information presented from the companies, since one third of the respondents of this study didn’t have enough knowledge to recycle textiles. The study shows a lack of information about the subject, as well as the importance of accessibility to collection bins for recycling of textiles. It is also established that many companies are already working with circular economy and the importance for companies to communicate their work with sustainability to their customers. This paper is written in Swedish. / Idag produceras varor ofta med ett linjärt tillvägagångssätt, där råvaror tas från naturen, förädlas, användas och sedan bli avfall. En cirkulär modell strävar efter att minimera mängden avfall och målet är istället att föra tillbaka materialen i produktflödet igen. I Sverige idag slängs stora mängder textilier och kläder i hushållssoporna som blir till avfall och det finns ännu ingen tydlig linje för textilåtervinning. Dock har alltfler företag introducerat en möjlighet för konsumenter att lämna in kläder och textilier till dem för återvinning. Denna uppsats centreras kring cirkulär ekonomi med särskilt fokus på textilåtervinning. Uppsatsen har undersökt vilka vanor konsumenter i Sverige har vad gäller avyttring av textilier och kläder samt vilka möjligheter till textilåtervinning som kommuniceras från svenska företag. Undersökningen har tittat på, vilka vanor konsumenter har, samt vilken kommunikation som finns tillgänglig från företag, då båda parter måste delta aktivt för att en cirkulär modell ska uppnås. Studien har även undersökt vad som påverkar omfattningen och utökningen av återvinningen av textilier från konsumenter. Studien visar att stora delar av konsumenter i Sverige deltar i ett cirkulärt system genom bland annat återvinning av andra material, att donera kläder och textilier för återanvändning samt genom att laga trasiga plagg istället för att slänga dem. Resultatet visar dock att få återvinner textilier och kläder, trots att nästintill samtliga återvinner andra material i sina hushåll. Studien visar att det finns en diskrepans hos konsumenters kunskaper om ämnet och den information som förmedlas från företagen, då en tredjedel av respondenterna inte hade tillräcklig kunskap för att återvinna textilier. Studien visar på en brist på information om ämnet, samt vikten av tillgänglighet av insamlingskärl för textil återvinning. Vidare påvisas att många företag redan arbetar med cirkulärekonomi och vikten av att kommunicera företagets arbete med hållbarhet till sina kunder.Nyckelord:

E-handel kallas ofta för shopping ”vartsomhelst, närsomhelst” och har möjliggjort förkonsumenter att handla utan att behöva lämna sitt hem (Zmijewska., Lawrence & Steele,2007). Mobil handel och mobila betalningstjänster har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren, delvis på grund av utvecklingen inom mobiltelefoni och möjligheten att använda internet utanförhemmet. Mobil handel har därför blivit en del av konsumenternas vardagsliv (Hwang, Shiau& Jan, 2007). Mobila betalningstjänster erbjuder en unik möjlighet för företag att förbättraderas kommunikation till deras kunder, samt att öka värdet i transaktionerna med kunderna, genom att ständigt ha möjligheten att engagera kunderna, oavsett vart de är. Detta kan stärkavarumärket öka lojaliteten hos kunderna (Early, 2014). För att lyckas med detta krävs det dock för företagen att förstå hur de kan få ut mest värde ur deras lösningar och erbjudanden och vilka faktorer som de ska överväga för att öka konsumenternas adapterande och acceptansav mobile betalningslösningar. Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska (2008) nämner att de tycker att det behövs mer forskning I detta ämne för att förbättra förståelsen avkonsumenternas acceptans av mobila betalningstjänster och för att förbättra kvaliteten och relevans gentemot forskning I mobila betalningstjänster. (Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska, 2008). Resultaten av denna avhandling är en uppsättning av faktorer som tros ha ett positivt inflytande på konsumenternas adapterande och acceptans av mobilabetalningstjänster. Faktorerna som har upptäckts är följande: · Gör mer än bara transaktioner· Skapa en snabb tjänst· Gör det enkelt· Gör det pålitligt· Adaptera till mobiltelefoner· Gör det till en trevlig upplevelse· Öka säkerheten· Ändra konsumenternas vanor· Rikta in tjänsten till rätt segment· Erbjud flera betalningsalternativ· Gör det gratis eller billigt / E-commerce, often referred to shopping “anytime, anywhere”, has allowed consumers to do shopping at any hour of the day without ever leaving their home. Although E-commerce require the consumers to have access to a stationary computer in their homes. Mobile commerce and mobile payments overcame this obstacle and allowed consumer to shop wherever they want (Zmijewska., Lawrence & Steele, 2007). Driven by the mobility of mobile phones there has been a fast increase in recent years in mobile commerce and mobile payment services, and both have increasingly become a part of consumers’ everyday life(Hwang, Shiau & Jan, 2007). Mobile payments offer unique possibilities for businesses to improve the communications, increase the value for the consumers, and to be able to engage with the consumers wherever they are. This will strengthen the brand of the businesses and solidify their customer relationships (Early, 2014). However for businesses to follow the mobile payment trend and get the most value out of their mobile payment solutions it is important for them to know what factors to consider to increase the consumer adoption and acceptance of their mobile payment services. Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska(2008) believe that more research is needed to enhance the current understanding of mobilepayment services and to improve the quality and relevance of mobile payment research(Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska, 2008). The findings of this thesis are a set of factors that are believed to positively influence the consumer adoption intention of mobile payment. The findings are the following:· Go beyond transactions· Create a fast experience· Make it easy· Make it reliable· Adapt to the mobile phone· Make paying with the phone a pleasant experience· Counter the perceived security· Change the habits· Target the right segment· Offer an abundance of payment options· Make it free or cheap

Syfte: Den här studien presenterar en ny vinkel på forskning inom engagemang och kundupplevelser. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur konsumenters köpbeteende påverkas av vane-engagemang inom onlineshopping, samt att se hur kvalitén på den kognitiva kundupplevelsen påverkar vane-engagemanget. Metod: Studien utfördes genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. 134 respondenter deltog, varav 128 av dessa svar analyserades. Enkäten innehöll 57 frågor och var uppdelad i fem kategorier som representerade olika typer av produkter som inhandlas online. Vidare delades enkätens kategorier upp i två delar som var inriktade på vane-engagemang och kognitiv kundupplevelse. Inga kriterier fanns för deltagande och bortfallet skedde på grund utav en kontrollfråga i slutet på enkäten. Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisade att majoriteten av respondenterna hade ett vane-engagemang gentemot enstaka hemsidor när de handlar inom alla produktkategorier. Den starkaste anledningen till detta är att bekvämligheten i vanan främjade detta beteende. En annan upptäckt som gjordes under studien var att kvalitén på den kognitiva kundupplevelsen har en tydlig påverkan på vane-engagemanget. Till sist så visade resultatet att vilket kön respondenten hade spelade en massiv roll i hur starkt vane-engagemanget var inom vissa av kategorierna. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit med ny information angående vane-engagemang och kognitiva kundupplevelser inom online-handel. Upptäckten att könen skiljer sig åt inom vane-engagemang är en synvinkel som inte tidigare tagits upp. En annan upptäckt är att den kognitiva kundupplevelsen kan påverka de autonoma responserna i individens beteende. Dessutom har studien bekräftat mängder med tidigare information som enbart tillämpats inom fysiska miljöer. Förslag till vidare forskning: Forskning kring samma ämne fast med en annan metod. Kvalitativa intervjuer eller experiment hade skapat djupare förståelse för ämnet. Hur påverkar vardaglig stress vane-engagemang hos konsumenten och könets påverkan på vane-engagemang? / Aim: This study presents a new view on research about engagement and customer experience. The aim of this study is to examine how consumers buying behavior gets affected by habitual commitment and how the quality of cognitive customer experiences affect habitual commitment Method: The study was made through a quantitative survey method. 134 respondents participated and 128 of these responses were analyzed. The survey contained 57 questions divided over a set of five categories which represented different kinds of products that usually get shopped online. Furthermore, the survey was divided inside of the categories to two parts, one part focused on habitual commitment and the other part on cognitive customer experience. No criteria for participation was set and the 6 answers that weren’t used got disqualified because of a control question at the end of the survey. Result & Conclusions: The result of the study shows that the majority of the respondents did have a habitual-commitment towards websites within every product category. The strongest factor for this was the comfortableness in the habit itself. Another finding was that the quality of the cognitive customer experience affected the habitual-commitment. The last finding wast hat the gender of the respondent differentiated how strong the habitual-commitment was. Contribution of the thesis: The study has contributed with new information about habitual-commitment and cognitive customer experience within online shopping. The finding about the gender differentiation within habitual-commitment is a new perspective that hasn’t been mentioned before. Another finding is how cognitive customer experience can affect the habitual-commitment. Also, this study has confirmed a lot of information that only was applicable in physical settings before. Suggestions for future research: Studies about the same subject but with different methodologies. Qualitative interviews and experiments would have created a deeper understanding of the topic. How does everyday stress affect the habitual commitment of a consumer and does the consumer's gender affect how strong the habitual commitment is?

1 online resource (viii, 155 leaves) / This study explores the ways in which female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa use their cellular phones, as well as their interests and needs in using this technology. The findings in this study are therefore crucial to the body of knowledge on programmes that seek to uplift women's lives through the deployment of ICTs, since current policies do not make full provision for the use of mobile phones in female entrepreneurship. Information on female entrepreneurs and cellular phones was collected in the literature review. The scrutiny of various literature sources and the analysis of the responses from the interviews with the female entrepreneurs were carried out to arrive at answers to the following research questions: 1. Can telecommunications (specifically, cellular phones) increase the participation of women in the economy? 2. What are the consumer habits of female entrepreneur cellular phone users in Zambia and South Africa? 3. Are the communication needs of business women in Zambia and South Africa adequately met? 4. What are the obstacles that female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa face in the use of cellular phones? 5. What are the similarities and differences in the consumer habits of female entrepreneur cellular phone users in Zambia and South Africa? In order to gather information on the consumer habits of female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa, a survey was conducted of 100 female entrepreneurs. The female entrepreneurs identified in this survey consist of female business owners with no more than 50 employees each, from Gauteng Province in South Africa, and Lusaka Province in Zambia. The female entrepreneurs were identified through the accidental sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect information from them. The findings of the investigation reveal that cellular phones have the potential to increase the participation of women in mainstream economic activity, since they are a useful means of communication that allow women from diverse backgrounds to communicate easily for both business and social purposes. Accordingly, national policy-makers in South Africa and Zambia need to investigate further the potential of using cellular phone or similar technology to empower small-scale businesswomen. The investigation also shows that the cellular phone consumer habits of female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa differ when it comes to using cellular phones for business and social communication purposes. More Zambian women indicated that they use their cellular phones in business operations, while South African women showed a tendency to use their phones more for social purposes. The results of this investigation further illustrate that despite the importance in value which the mobile phone has for women entrepreneurs in both Zambia and South Africa, the communication needs of women's entrepreneurship are not adequately met. The main obstacles in meeting the communication needs of female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa are inadequate network coverage and high prices. The study shows that a number of women (52,2%) indicated that they are inhibited from effective communication services and therefore resort to borrowing other people's mobile phones. The lack of empirical studies on the use of telecommunications by female entrepreneurs in both Zambia and South Africa attests to the fact that women's entrepreneurship is still an area that requires in-depth investigation. If various development efforts are to meet their targets, clearly the area of women's entrepreneurship and how various ICTs such as cellular phones are used therein needs urgent investigation. / Communication Sciences / M. A. (International Communication)

1 online resource (viii, 155 leaves) / This study explores the ways in which female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa use their cellular phones, as well as their interests and needs in using this technology. The findings in this study are therefore crucial to the body of knowledge on programmes that seek to uplift women's lives through the deployment of ICTs, since current policies do not make full provision for the use of mobile phones in female entrepreneurship. Information on female entrepreneurs and cellular phones was collected in the literature review. The scrutiny of various literature sources and the analysis of the responses from the interviews with the female entrepreneurs were carried out to arrive at answers to the following research questions: 1. Can telecommunications (specifically, cellular phones) increase the participation of women in the economy? 2. What are the consumer habits of female entrepreneur cellular phone users in Zambia and South Africa? 3. Are the communication needs of business women in Zambia and South Africa adequately met? 4. What are the obstacles that female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa face in the use of cellular phones? 5. What are the similarities and differences in the consumer habits of female entrepreneur cellular phone users in Zambia and South Africa? In order to gather information on the consumer habits of female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa, a survey was conducted of 100 female entrepreneurs. The female entrepreneurs identified in this survey consist of female business owners with no more than 50 employees each, from Gauteng Province in South Africa, and Lusaka Province in Zambia. The female entrepreneurs were identified through the accidental sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect information from them. The findings of the investigation reveal that cellular phones have the potential to increase the participation of women in mainstream economic activity, since they are a useful means of communication that allow women from diverse backgrounds to communicate easily for both business and social purposes. Accordingly, national policy-makers in South Africa and Zambia need to investigate further the potential of using cellular phone or similar technology to empower small-scale businesswomen. The investigation also shows that the cellular phone consumer habits of female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa differ when it comes to using cellular phones for business and social communication purposes. More Zambian women indicated that they use their cellular phones in business operations, while South African women showed a tendency to use their phones more for social purposes. The results of this investigation further illustrate that despite the importance in value which the mobile phone has for women entrepreneurs in both Zambia and South Africa, the communication needs of women's entrepreneurship are not adequately met. The main obstacles in meeting the communication needs of female entrepreneurs in Zambia and South Africa are inadequate network coverage and high prices. The study shows that a number of women (52,2%) indicated that they are inhibited from effective communication services and therefore resort to borrowing other people's mobile phones. The lack of empirical studies on the use of telecommunications by female entrepreneurs in both Zambia and South Africa attests to the fact that women's entrepreneurship is still an area that requires in-depth investigation. If various development efforts are to meet their targets, clearly the area of women's entrepreneurship and how various ICTs such as cellular phones are used therein needs urgent investigation. / Communication Sciences / M. A. (International Communication)