The purpose of this thesis is to describe how the factors influence the level of adaptation and standardization of a marketing strategy and subsequently analyze how the factors influence the level of adaptation and standardization of Swedish MNCs’ in the German market. The relevant factors for the decision towards standardization and adaptation are found out using a framework composed by Viswanathan & Dickson (2007). The factors chosen are homogeneity of customer response to the marketing-mix, transferability of competitive advantage, homogeneity of economic freedom and decision variables.   This thesis does so in a deductive and qualitative approach using Swedish retailer Clas Ohlson as a case study. Underlying this is a contextualized and interpretivist point of view. Data was collected through focus group interviews with German and Swedish students and complemented through data mining.   An analysis of the empirical data shows a high homogeneity of customer response to the marketing-mix, the possibility of transferring the competitive advantage and a high homogeneity of economic freedom was discovered. When applying the frame of reference on the empirical data, Swedish MNCs, especially Swedish retailers, are recommended to choose a high degree of standardization for their IMS in the German market. It was discovered that the used framework does to some extent not cover a wish proposed by the German participants calling for a partial adaptation of the international marketing strategy. This disproves the assumption underlying the frame of reference as the majority of factors suggest standardization, yet from a consumer perspective, there is the wish to partially adapt. In the conclusion managerial implications, limitations and research implications are mentioned as well.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how consumers reason about personalized online advertising. Research questions:  Do consumers perceive the risks and benefits of personalized online advertisements? How do consumers adapt their behavior based on the risks and benefits perceived by online personalized advertisements?   Methodology: This study is implemented using a qualitative research method and a deductive approach. The empirical data for the study was gathered through twenty individual semi-structured interviews. The researchers employed thematic text analysis to systematically process the acquired data, which was subsequently examined using behavioral-science theories.  Analysis & Conclusion: According to the findings, consumers believe that they receive more relevant ads as a result of advertisements being tailored to them and are willing to share their personal information in order to receive personalized ads. The risks of personalized advertisements stem from privacy issues. However, there is a difference in perceived risks between consumers, in that consumers who are more aware of how their personal information is used by companies see greater risks with personalization. Consumers' attitudes towards personalized ads from companies that they have never signed up for, interacted with or shopped from differ depending on the communication channel through which the ads are displayed. This is because personalized advertisements via e-mail, as opposed to advertisements on websites, are considered to include more personal information such as customer name and e-mail address. As a result, consumers perceive that it is more worrying to receive personalized emails without having supplied their name or email address to the email senders than seeing personalized advertising on websites with which they have never engaged before.

This study presents research about the virtual experience room, more specific theKarantänfestivalen Unplugged. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the virtualexperience room Karantänfestivalen Unplugged is built and also how committed consumersare during a virtual event. This will be answered by three research questions. The researchquestions affect inclusion of consumers at a distance, important factors from the physicalexperience room and also how consumers judge the virtual experience room in terms ofcomments.The research questions will be answered with help from the model The Virtual ExperienceRoom that is created by the authors of this study. The model is based on the two models TheExperience Room Model and The Four Realms of An Experience. Also the important factorsregarding the experience room from Mossberg and Bitner. The study is written from aqualitative approach where the collection of the data has been done through a case study. Thecase study was made from the virtual experience room Karantänfestivalen Unplugged througha document and video study. The documents and the video was analysed from a contentanalysis with help from the model that was mentioned above.The result shows that Karantänfestivalen Unplugged includes its consumers in a way that itmakes it possible for them to participate more spontaneously than if it was a physical event.And also that the consumers are able to ask questions to the artists and employees of theevent. The main factors in a virtual experience room are considered to be customerengagement, technology, object language and intangible artefacts, which is presented in themodel The Virtual Experience Room. Finally, it can be considered that consumers of a virtualevent will express their opinions through writing in a comment that they will publish on aplatform where the event is being observed.The study is written in Swedish. / I denna studie presenteras forskning kring det virtuella upplevelserummet Karantänfestivalen Unplugged. Syftet med studien är att analysera hur det virtuella upplevelserummet Karantänfestivalen Unplugged är uppbyggt samt hur engagerade konsumenter är under ett virtuellt evenemang. Detta besvaras genom tre forskningsfrågor. Forskningsfrågorna berörinkludering av konsumenter på distans, viktiga faktorer som kan appliceras från det fysiska upplevelserummet samt hur konsumenter bedömer det virtuella upplevelserummet i form av kommentarer. Forskningsfrågorna besvaras med hjälp av den egenskapade modellen Det Virtuella Upplevelserummet som baseras på modellerna The Experience Room Model och The Four Realms of An Experience, samt Mossberg och Bitners viktiga faktorer i ett upplevelserum. Studien är skriven utifrån en kvalitativ infallsvinkel där insamlingen av data har gjorts genomen fallstudie. Fallstudien gjordes på det virtuella upplevelserummet Karantänfestivalen Unplugged genom en dokument- och videostudie. Dokumenten och videon analyserades utifrån en innehållsanalys med hjälp av modellen som tidigare nämnts. Resultatet visar att Karantänfestivalen Unplugged inkluderar konsumenterna genom att spontant deltagande kan ske på ett annat sätt än vid fysiska evenemang samt att konsumenterna får ställa frågor till artisterna och personalen. Huvudfaktorerna i ett virtuellt upplevelserum anses vara kundengagemang, teknologi, object language och ogripbara artefakter, vilket visas i modellen Det Virtuella Upplevelserummet. Slutligen kan det konstateras att konsumenter av ett virtuellt evenemang uttrycker sina åsikter genom att skrivadet i en kommentar som de sedan publicerar på den plattform där de följer sändningen.

Bakgrund: Det finns problem kring att avgöra exakt hur effektiva reklamkampanjer är. TV-reklam är det mest inflytelserika mediet och fastän det inte finns belägg för att det direkt leder till något köp så kan det leda till att TV-reklamen förblir i vårt medvetande. Det finns därmed ett behov av att förstå vilka faktorer och strategier som anses vara effektiva i konsumentens ögon.  Syften: Studien har som ändamål att identifiera och undersöka potentiella faktorer bakom effektiv TV-reklam, samt utöka förståelsen utifrån konsumenters synsätt. Studien utforskar även konsumenters vana att undvika TV-reklam och om denna vana upplevs annorlunda när de exponeras för in-stream video ads i stället.  Teorier: Den tidigare forskningen har anknytning till fyra faktorer som ligger i grund för studien. De fyra faktorerna är Kreativitet, Moment-to-Moment (EV & IV), Brand Image och Celebrity Endorsement. Studien utgår även ifrån tidigare forskning kring konsumenters vana att undvika TV-reklam.  Metod: En kvalitativ studie där fokusgrupper har använts som forskningsmetod. En deduktiv ansats har tillämpats. Urvalet bestod av studenter från Södertörns Högskola.  Slutsats: Vissa potentiella faktorer bakom effektiv TV-reklam var mer effektiva än andra. Celebrity Endorsement och Brand Image ansågs leda till ett faktiskt köp medan de andra faktorerna endast visade sig påverka intention kring köp. Konsumenter om de får möjligheten väljer att undvika TV-reklam i stor utsträckning av anledningen att det är irriterande och stör handlingen. Reklam undveks mer på traditionell TV än på in-stream video ads av anledning att TV-reklampausen varar längre.                                          Begrepp: När begreppet konsument nämns hänvisar vi till personer som exponeras för TV-reklamen, alltså inte de som köper produkten utan de som konsumerar marknadsföringens innehåll. In-stream video ads innefattar TV-reklam som koncept överfört till internet. / Background: There are problems with determining exactly how effective advertising campaigns are. TV advertising is the most influential medium and although there is no evidence that it directly leads to any purchase, it can lead to TV commercials remaining in our consciousness. There is thus a need to understand which factors and strategies are considered effective in the eyes of the consumer. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify and investigate potential factors behind effective television advertising and expand understanding from the perspective of consumers. The report also explores consumers' habit of avoiding TV commercials and whether this habit is experienced differently when exposed to in-stream video ads instead. Theories: The study is based on previous research and this research is related to four factors that form the basis of the study. The four factors are Creativity, Moment-to-Moment (EV & IV), Brand Image and Celebrity Endorsement. The study is also based on previous research concerning consumers' habit of avoiding TV commercials. Methods: A qualitative study where focus groups have been used as a research method. A deductive approach has been applied. The sample consisted of students from Södertörn University. Conclusions: Some potential factors behind effective TV advertising were more effective than others. Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Image were considered to lead to an actual purchase while the other factors only led to intention regarding purchase. Consumers, if given the opportunity, choose to avoid TV commercials largely for the reason that it is annoying and disrupts the action. It was avoided more on traditional TV than in-stream video ads for the reason that the TV commercial break lasted longer.  Concept: When the term consumer is mentioned, we refer to people who are exposed to TV advertising, not those who buy the product but those who consume the content of the marketing. In-stream video ads entail TV-commercial as a concept transferred to the Internet.