Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2007. / Supervisors: Gary J. Russell, Sri Devi Duvvuri. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109).

This study aims to examine the effects of animosity on consumers’ willingness to buy hybrid products (i.e. products that involve affiliations of two or more countries - such as branded in Japan but made in China). While consumers’ reluctance to purchase foreign products from countries that they have animosity towards is clearly evident in the current literature, little is known about consumers’ attitudes towards hybrid products. As such, the study introduces this new construct (i.e. willingness to buy hybrid products) to the animosity model to determine if animositic consumers would be more receptive or willing to accept hybrid products where the animositic tendencies towards foreign countries in question can be negated by the products’ domestic affiliations. To conduct this investigation, the study is undertaken in China where the Chinese consumers’ animosity towards the Japanese was examined. The data with a usable sample size of 435 were collected in the Chinese city of Nanjing. The findings of the study revealed that the high level of animosity present against the Japanese resulted in the Chinese consumers’ unwillingness to buy Japanese products. More importantly, results showed that the Chinese consumers are not any more receptive to hybrid products as such domestic affiliations have not diluted the animosity. Consistent with the literature, the study has also validated that consumer animosity to be a higher-order construct indicated by war and economic animosity. Under the conditions of extreme animosity, consumer ethnocentrism does not take a significant role in influencing other constructs in the animosity model.

Changes in the features of food demand and consumption have moved from the mass consumption model towards an increasing qualitative differentiation of products and demand. This movement towards addressing consumers’ demand for food products with more advanced quality attributes has led to increasingly complex food qualification processes and a proliferation of standards. Accompanying these changes in the agro-food system is a growing consumer concern for food safety and quality. Even though these trends are also permeating South Africa, little research has been done on the local quality dynamics of this emerging country. There is therefore the need to investigate consumers’ food choice behaviour in a developing country context, such as South Africa. Consumers’ quality perception and decision making process regarding food products is quantified through measuring consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP)for a given attribute in a food product. Willingness to pay refers to the maximum monetary amount that a consumer is willing to pay for a specific product representing a bundle of product attributes. The general objective of this study is to test the application of experimental auctions as one of the available methods to measure consumers’ willingness to pay, in order to determine the applicability of experimental auctions to specific research scenarios – for example the case of food products with advanced quality attributes in a developing country context. Sample selection for the experiment was done through a combination of random and convenience sampling. The total sample amounted to 31 participants. The target population was high income, established South African consumers, who are regular consumers of red meat and also the main buyers of groceries in the household. A pre-auction survey was done to determine the exact demographic composition of the sample as well as gaining insight into the sample’s buying behaviour and attitudes towards red meat, specifically Karoo lamb. A random nth price auction was conducted to obtain willingness to pay estimates for a premium on certified Karoo lamb. Various demographic and behavioural variables were linked to participants’ individual bids in order to determine the possible influence of these variables on participants’ bidding behaviour. This research study tested the application of an experimental auction mechanism in the food marketing context of a developing country. To the knowledge of the researcher, it is the first study of its kind done in South Africa. It was worthwhile to investigate this method as an alternative to stated preference methods in the field of food choice behaviour, because the auction conducted during this research project succeeded in giving meaningful insights into the possibilities of the certification of meat of origin in a developing country like South Africa. From the auction results, a general positive willingness to pay for certified Karoo lamb was observed, with an average premium recorded of R10.90/500g of loin chops. The impact of additional information was clearly visible as bids increased substantially after information treatments about the product were introduced. It was found that female respondents and respondents from the older age group generally bid higher premiums for Karoo lamb. Respondents buying red meat and sheep meat (i.e. referring to mutton and lamb products) from Woolworths and Spar also indicated a higher positive willingness to pay a premium for certified Karoo lamb. With specific reference to the case study product, a positive willingness to pay for certified Karoo lamb was determined in this study. The concerns raised by participants about the lack of availability and authenticity of Karoo lamb, serves as an indication of the need for a formal certification process of food products in South Africa. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate consumers’ willingness to act socially responsible in their online fashion purchasing behaviour. Three frameworks; Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Socially Responsible Consumer Behaviour (SRCB) and Consumer Social Responsibility (CNSR), constitute a foundation and have been combined in a conceptual framework. The research approach used is a qualitative research approach, and the empirical data was gathered in two semi-structured focus-groups with five and six participants. The participants were recruited by a convivence sampling method, with purposive sampling characteristics. The findings indicate that factors that influenced consumers’ willingness to act socially responsible was price, convenience, and time. Moreover, the findings show that SRCB is seen as a process, and that consumers’ stage in the process influence their willingness to act socially responsible. Lastly, it is shown that the TPB and SRCB must be considered before consumers can act socially responsible. This since consumers who have positive attitudes towards responsible actions, are susceptible to information of social and environmental issues related to their behaviour. These consumers can create enough awareness to take social- and environmental responsibility for their actions. Responsible consumers also aim to influence other consumers to take a greater responsibility. The findings of this study have contributed to further understanding within the research area of responsible consumers. Since the conceptual framework consider consumer behaviour in combination with their areas of awareness and responsibilities, this study contributes to deeper understanding of why consumers act socially responsible or not.

Denna uppsats undersöker konsumenters betalningsvilja för hållbara hus, med fokus på olika demografiska grupper och de faktorer som påverkar deras beslut. Studien syftar till att hjälpa byggföretag att utvärdera den ekonomiska genomförbarheten av att integrera hållbara metoder i sina projekt. Genom att använda en blandad metod sekventiellt förklarande-forskningsdesign inkluderar forskningen kvantitativa data från enkäter och kvalitativa data från expertintervjuer. Centrala fynd visar att även om hållbarhet inte är den primära drivkraften vid bostadsköp, finns det en betydande betalningsvilja för förbättrad energieffektivitet och minskad miljöpåverkan. Denna vilja varierar mellan olika demografiska grupper, där yngre generationer och kvinnor visar högre benägenhet att investera i hållbarhet. Studien belyser även fenomenet "hypotetisk bias", där den uttryckta betalningsviljan i enkäter överstiger den faktiska viljan i verkliga scenarier. Resultaten tyder på att integrering av hållbara lösningar kan vara ekonomiskt genomförbart för byggföretag, förutsatt att dessa lösningar erbjuder tydliga ekonomiska fördelar för konsumenterna. Framtida forskning bör undersöka långsiktiga trender i konsumentpreferenser och effekten av olika incitament för att främja hållbart byggande. / This thesis investigates consumer willingness to pay for sustainable buildings, focusing on different demographic groups and the factors influencing their decisions. The study aims to assist construction companies in evaluating the economic feasibility of incorporating sustainable practices into their projects. Utilizing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, the research includes quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from expert interviews. Key findings reveal that while sustainability is not the primary driver in housing purchases, there is a significant willingness to pay for enhanced energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. This willingness varies across demographics, with younger generations and women showing higher inclinations towards sustainable investments. The study also highlights the phenomenon of "hypothetical bias," where expressed willingness to pay in surveys exceeds actual willingness in real-life scenarios. The results suggest that integrating sustainable solutions can be economically viable for construction companies, provided these solutions offer clear economic benefits to consumers. Future research should explore the long-term trends in consumer preferences and the impact of various incentives on promoting sustainable housing