Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l’alimentation d’actionneurs de type piézo-électrique qui seront placés sur la partie tournante d’une perceuse. Ces actionneurs possèdent un comportement capacitif et sont habituellement alimentés par des systèmes linéaires. Une étude de dimensionnement et de conception a été menée sur différents amplificateurs à découpage qui peuvent fournir, dans un repère fixe, un signal de puissance sinusoïdal à fréquence variable dans les meilleures conditions possibles (rendement et THD). Ensuite, un système pouvant transférer l’énergie sans contact à l’actionneur piézo-électrique placé sur un repère tournant a été analysé. Cela a été possible grâce à l’utilisation des systèmes à induction, c’est-à-dire, par couplage magnétique à travers un transformateur tournant présentant un entrefer. Trois types de systèmes de transfert d’énergie sans contact ont été étudiés : l’un qui travaille à la fréquence de l’actionneur [50-500 Hz] et deux autres basés sur des stratégies de résonance permettant ainsi de diminuer les dimensions du coupleur magnétique. Pour cela, la modélisation tant magnétique qu’électrique a été effectuée dans les trois systèmes.Un prototype d’onduleur en pont complet fournissant jusqu’à 680 VAR a été réalisé. Ce dernier est placé en amont d’un coupleur magnétique basse fréquence transférant 1,75 kVAR à l’actionneur piézo-électrique en rotation. Les résultats obtenus en pratique ont montré la pertinence du travail de dimensionnement et conception. / Placed on the rotating part of a drilling system. These actuators have a capacitive behavior and are usually supplied by linear systems. In this case, the design and the sizing of different switching amplifiers that provide, in a fixed frame, a sinusoidal power signal with modular frequency in the best possible conditions (efficiency and THD) have been made. Then, a contactless power system for piezoelectric actuators placed in a rotating frame was analyzed. This was possible thanks to the use of induction systems through a rotating transformer with an air gap. Three types of contactless systems were studied. The first one works at modular low frequencies [50-500 Hz] and the other two use resonant strategies in order to reduce transformer’s size. For this, both magnetic and electrical modeling was performed in the three cases.A full-bridge inverter prototype that can deliver up to 680 VAR and a low frequency contactless energy transfer system of 1.75 kVAR that supplies the piezoelectric actuator at rotating frame have been made. Experimental results showed satisfactory results and proved the system feasibility.

The aim of the dissertation was to present technical possibilities of scanning and measuring the body temperature and provide a method for a non-contact measurement of body surface temperatureof animals including data transfer to higher-level software. Partial results can be part of an automated herd management system to ensure better animal welfare monitoring. One method of contactless measuring the surface temperature was taking the surface temperature by using an infrared camera. This tool was used to scan surface temperatures in the area of the body core, the udder region and the eye area. Thermograms, sometimes referred to as thermal imaging, were obtained from the individual regions. In total, there were 34 measurements in 2013 and 17 measurements in 2014.Cows from Petrovice centre were included in the experiment. Three different groups of dairy cows were evaluated in two different stables. In the first group there were cows which gave birth 2 days to 2 months before. The second group consisted of dairy cows which calved 4 to 5 months before. The third group included dairy cows which gave birth 7 to 8 months before. Based on the results of measurements of selected surface temperatures, it was found that the surface core temperature and the udder surface temperature correlated most. However, when measuring surface temperatures, the degree of pollution, coating, and oscillation of the animal play an important role. Moreover, technological parameters of the device are also important, specially its setting and the emissivity of the surface. This experiment ran from August to September 2016 in a purpose-built schoolhouse facility in an experimental stable accredited for experimental purposes. The experiment included two clinically healthy cows of the Holstein breed, which had been implanted with the identification chip and tested for its functionality. This chip was implanted to both animals in the tail root region and was fitted with a biological function sensor that followed the body temperature of the animal. The device was adapted to send animal identification information and animal body temperature information by means of a wireless connection to the chip reader. Based on the findings, one or more systems, preferably non-contact body temperature scanning, could be designed and tested. Regarding the use of other surface temperature scanning possibilities, this is still in the process of development and implementation. The disadvantage of the above described device is that it fails to recognize the cause of the elevated temperature and requires intervention by the attendant without the intervention being necessary. The attending keeper may not recognize acute cases and may cause permanent damage to the health or even death of the animal. The task of the device is to find a method of unattended animal temperature measurement connected with its electronic identification that would recognize sick or infected animals from overheated ones. This device would categorize the animals and take precautions to preserve their health. The invention should be applicable to a wide variety of animals.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-09-03T12:02:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cyro Lucas Silva Chagas - 2018.pdf: 4698038 bytes, checksum: 54bd125cfa8cf11d8672d79de558c77c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T11:35:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cyro Lucas Silva Chagas - 2018.pdf: 4698038 bytes, checksum: 54bd125cfa8cf11d8672d79de558c77c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T11:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cyro Lucas Silva Chagas - 2018.pdf: 4698038 bytes, checksum: 54bd125cfa8cf11d8672d79de558c77c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The development of miniaturized devices promoted a real revolution in modern analytical chemistry. In addition, the improvement of microfabrication technologies has made it possible to create ever smaller and more robust devices. However, most of these devices still demand sophisticated and expensive instrumentation in their manufacturing process, often requiring controlled environments or clean rooms. In view of the need to produce these miniaturized devices in a more accessible way, the present thesis presents the manufacture of alternative, disposable and low cost microfluidic platforms and devices for bioanalytical applications. The methodologies covered in this thesis include: the manufacture of low cost pencil-drawn graphite electrodes on office paper, used in the quantification of inorganic cations (K+ and Na+) in human tears; the manufacture of electrophoresis chips with thermolaminated paper channels with attached graphite electrodes for the monitoring of the electrophoretic separation of biomolecules (albumin and creatinine); and finally, it presents the use of a 3D microfluidic device for the generation of droplets into the microchannel and the manufacturing process of a thermolaminated polyester dispositive for flow injection analysis, both for the analysis of drugs (ascorbic acid and midazolam maleate) in medicines. All analyzes used the same method of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The proposed graphite electrodes presented excellent analytical performance with good reproducibility. The detection limits found for K+, Na+ and Li+ were 4.9, 6.8 and 9.0 μM, respectively. In addition, the concentration found for K+ and Na+ in the tear samples were, respectively, 20.8 and 101.2 mM for sample A and 20.4 and 111.4 mM for sample B. Experiments using the proposed paper-based microchip have successfully demonstrated the separation of bovine serum albumin and creatinine within 150 s with baseline resolution. The detection limits for albumin and creatinine were 20 and 35 mM, respectively. The quantification of ascorbic acid in a vitamin supplement, through the generation of droplets in the 3D device, was successfully demonstrated with a linear range of 3 to 24 mg/mL and a detection limit of 1.1 mg/mL. The quantification of midazolam maleate in tablets, using a flow injection in the polyester device showed a linear behavior between 0.5 and 4.0 mg/mL and a detection limit of 17 µg/mL. The devices proposed in this thesis allowed the realization of low cost assays with reduced analysis time. In addition, the manufacturing processes demonstrated simplicity and quickness, without the need for sophisticated instrumentation, allowing the use of these devices for applications in clinical analysis and quality control. / O desenvolvimento de dispositivos miniaturizados promoveu uma verdadeira revolução na química analítica moderna. Além disso, o melhoramento das tecnologias de microfabricação possibilitou a criação de dispositivos cada vez menores e mais robustos. Contudo, grande parte destes dispositivos ainda demandam em seu processo de fabricação uma instrumentação sofisticada e de alto custo, necessitando muitas vezes de ambientes controlados ou salas limpas. Tendo em vista a necessidade de se produzir esses dispositivos miniaturizados de uma maneira mais acessível, a presente tese apresenta a fabricação de plataformas e dispositivos microfluídicos alternativos, descartáveis e de baixo custo para aplicações bioanalíticas. As metodologias abordadas nessa tese incluem: a fabricação de eletrodos de grafite de baixo custo desenhados à lápis em papel sulfite, utilizados na quantificação de cátions inorgânicos (K+ e Na+) em lágrima humana; a fabricação de chips de eletroforese com canais de papel termolaminados com eletrodos de grafite de lápis acoplados para o monitoramento da separação eletroforética de biomoléculas (albumina e creatinina); e por fim, apresenta a utilização de um dispositivo microfluídico 3D para a geração de gotas no microcanal e o processo de fabricação de um dispositivo de poliéster termolaminado para análise por injeção em fluxo, ambos para análise de fármacos (ácido ascórbico e maleato de midazolam) em medicamentos. Todas as análises utilizaram o mesmo método de detecção condutométrica sem contato acoplada capacitivamente. Os eletrodos de grafite propostos apresentaram excelente performance analítica com boa reprodutibilidade. Os limites de detecção encontrados para o K+, Na+ e Li+ foram de 4,9, 6,8 e 9,0 µM, respectivamente. Além disso, a concentração encontrada para o K+ e Na+ nas amostras de lágrima foram, respectivamente, de 20,8 e 101,2 mM para a amostra A e 20,4 e 111,4 mM para a amostra B. Os experimentos utilizando o microchip de papel proposto demonstraram com sucesso a separação de albumina de soro bovino e creatinina dentro de 150 s com resolução de linha de base. Os limites de detecção para albumina e creatinina foram 20 e 35 mM, respectivamente. A quantificação de ácido ascórbico em suplemento vitamínico, através da geração de gotas no dispositivo 3D, foi demonstrada com êxito apresentando uma faixa linear entre 3 e 24 mg/mL e limite de detecção igual a 1,1 mg/mL. A quantificação de maleato de midazolam em comprimidos, utilizando injeção em fluxo no dispositivo de poliéster apresentou comportando linear entre 0,5 e 4,0 mg/mL e limite de detecção de 17 µg/mL. Os dispositivos propostos nesta tese possibilitaram a realização de ensaios de baixo custo com tempo de análise reduzido. Além disso, os processos de fabricação demonstraram simplicidade e rapidez, sem a necessidade de instrumentação sofisticada, permitindo a exploração destes dispositivos para aplicações em análises clínicas e de controle de qualidade.

A presente tese descreve o aprimoramento do acoplamento de eletroforese capilar/espectrometria de massas com ionização por electrospray (CE-ESI-MS) (1) pelo desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle de temperatura e posicionamento e (2) pela inclusão de dois detectores condutométricos sem contato (C4Ds) ao capilar de separação eletroforética de modo a se obter informações complementares àquelas fornecidas pelo MS. Os primeiros aprimoramentos consistiram na introdução de uma plataforma móvel para o CE e um módulo de refrigeração da porção externa do capilar. Com estes aprimoramentos, foi possível realizar estudo de cinética de hidrólise de monoetilcarbonato (MEC) por CE-ESI-MS, obtendo-se, pela primeira vez, o valor da energia de ativação de 99 ± 8 kJ mol-1. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvida uma série de protótipos de cartuchos impressos 3D em ABS, permitindo a introdução de até dois C4Ds. Além da inclusão dos detectores, a versão aprimorada do cartucho permitiu um bom comportamento térmico da coluna, permitindo que, tal como em sistemas CE-DAD, correntes eletroforéticas alcancem valores da ordem de 100 µA sem efeitos térmicos indesejados (o que não ocorre ao se utilizar o cartucho original para CE-MS). As possibilidades do arranjo CE-(C4D)2-ESI-MS foram demonstradas pelo desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos de separação para: (1) açúcares a pH 11,2; (2) aminas biogênicas a pH 2,0 e (3) ácidos carboxílicos a pH 7,5. A compatibilização dos eletroferogramas dos C4Ds ao longo do capilar e do ESI-MS no final do capilar foi conseguida pela correção da escala de tempo. Assim, as informações obtidas com os vários detectores podiam ser facilmente complementadas. Devido à baixa seletividade intrínseca do C4D, este se mostra amplamente complementar ao ESI-MS, que é o sistema mais seletivo para CE disponível na atualidade. Embora este último também seja altamente sensível, o C4D se mostrou comparável ou até mais apropriado em alguns casos. Assim, esta combinação única apresenta um grande potencial como ferramenta analítica. / The capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry with electrospray source (CE-ESI-MS) was improved by (1) the development of new temperature control and positioning systems and (2) the inclusion of two capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detectors (C4Ds) to the electrophoretic separation capillary allowing to obtain complimentary information to the MS. The initial improvements were the introduction of a sliding platform for the CE equipment and a thermostatic module for the portion of the capillary outside the CE environment. These improvements allowed obtaining, for the first time, the activation energy of hydrolysis reaction of monoethyl carbonate: 99 ± 8 kJ mol-1. However, the most important improvement was the development of 3D-printed cartridge allowing the inclusion of up to two C4Ds along the capillary. This cartridge also allowed a significant improvement of the thermal control over the capillary. No significant difference of the original CE-DAD was observed for electrophoretic currents up to 100 µA. The original CE-MS has similar behavior only until 60 µA. New possibilities of the CE-(C4D)2-ESI-MS setup were demonstrated by the development of analytical methods for separation of: (1) sugars at pH 11.2, (2) biogenic amines at pH 2.0, and (3) carboxylic acids at pH 7.5. The electropherograms of the three detectors were made compatible by correcting the time scales. Therefore, the information obtained from the three detectors may be easily complemented. Thanks to the intrinsic low-selectivity of the C4D, that is complementary to the MS, which is the most selective detector for CE today. Although MS is also highly sensitive, C4D had similar or even better performance in some cases. Therefore, this unique combination is powerful analytical tool

A presente dissertação trata da implementação, em um equipamento de eletroforese capilar (CE) com detecção condutométrica sem contato (C4D), de um sistema de controle externo do fluxo eletrosmótico (EOF) via tensão radial externa (Vrad). Através do potencial externo, aplicado diretamente ao capilar, é possível ter o controle do fluxo eletrosmótico de CE, pois, de forma simplificada, esta prática acopla vetorialmente um potencial externo aplicado com o potencial através da solução tampão dentro do capilar. O emprego da técnica possibilitou o aumento de resolução de 2 aminoácidos - Leucina e Isoleucina, cujas mobilidades diferem apenas de 0,12 cm2.V-1.s-1 entre si, em ácido acético 500 mmol.L-1 com pH = 2,55. A estratégia empregada aqui foi a que denominamos de \"coluna capilar infinita\", na qual, com as sucessivas inversões na direção do EOF, conseguimos aprisionar, dentro da coluna capilar, espécies com mobilidade eletroforética menor que a mobilidade do EOF. A literatura descreve que a inversão do EOF se torna mais difícil com o aumento do pH. Foram realizados testes em eletrólitos contendo agentes inversores de fluxo como o CTAB, o CaCl2 e o BaCl2. Ambos os aditivos foram usados em concentrações muito baixas, nas quais foi mantida a direção normal do EOF, sendo que a utilizaçãode tais agentes teve a finalidade apenas de reduzir os grupos silanolatos em soluções de pH acima de 6,0. Tal estratégia proporcionou a reversão do EOF no sistema tampão MES/HIS, cujo pH estava em torno de 6,1. Por fim, a pesquisa gerou uma perspectiva interessante que é a possibilidade de se encontrar combinações de eletrólitos de corrida e surfactantes com o intuito de se estender a faixa de alcance do Vrad para valores altos de pH. / This work presents the implementation, in an equipment for capillary electrophoresis (CE) with contactless conductivity detection (C4D), of a system for external control of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) via external radial voltage (Vrad). Through external potential, directly applied to the capillary, the electroosmotic flow can be controlled, because this practice couples the applied external potential to the zeta potential through the buffer solution within the capillary. The use of the technique allowed the baseline resolution of two amino acids (Leucine and Isoleucine), whose mobilities differ only by 0,12 cm2.V-1.s-1, using acetic acid 500 mmol.L-1 at pH = 2,55 as the running electrolyte. The approach, called \"infinite capillary column\", consists in successive reversals in the direction of the EOF, trapping species within the capillary column with electrophoretic mobility smaller than the EOF mobility. Thus, the two amino acids were retained by a period of approximately 120 minutes in the capillary that was enough to promote the baseline resolution. Previous works describe that the reversion of the EOF becoming more difficult as pH increases. In order to achieve a more effective control of EOF at high pH values (limiting the technique to a narrow performance band), tests were carried out in electrolytes containing flow reversing agents such as CTAB, CaCI2 and BaCI2. These additives were used at very low concentrations, which kept the normal direction of EOF, and the use of such agents had only the purpuse of reducing the density of silanolate groups in solutions of pH above 6,0. This approach allowed the reversion of the EOF using MES/HIS buffer, which pH was 6,1. Finally, this research has generated an interesting perspective about the possibility of finding combinations of electrolytes and surfactants aiming the Vrad range´s extension at high pH values.

EMV est la norme implémentée pour sécuriser une transaction d'achat avec contact ou sans contact (NFC) entre un appareil de paiement d'un client et un PoS. Elle représente un ensemble de messages de sécurité échangés entre les acteurs de la transaction, garantissant plusieurs propriétés de sécurité importantes. En effet, plusieurs chercheurs ont analysé le fonctionnement de la norme EMV afin de vérifier sa fiabilité: ils ont identifié plusieurs vulnérabilités de sécurité qui représentent aujourd'hui des risques majeurs pour notre sécurité au quotidien. Par conséquent, nous sommes intéressés à proposer de nouvelles solutions qui visent à améliorer la fiabilité d’EMV. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons un aperçu du système de sécurité EMV et nous étudions ses vulnérabilités identifiées dans la littérature. En particulier, il existe deux vulnérabilités de sécurité EMV, qui mènent à des risques dangereux menaçant à la fois les clients et les commerçants. Par conséquent, nous sommes intéressés dans la deuxième étape à répondre à ces deux faiblesses. Nous examinons d'abord une sélection des travaux qui ont été conçus pour résoudre ces vulnérabilités. Ensuite, afin d'obtenir de meilleurs résultats par rapport à ces travaux, nous proposons un nouveau système pour le paiement avec contact et NFC qui intègre 4 mécanismes de sécurité innovants. Enfin, dans la troisième étape, nous adaptons notre premier mécanisme de sécurité dans le contexte d'une nouvelle architecture de paiement NFC. Cette architecture est particulièrement destinée aux petits commerçants, leur permettant de profiter de leurs smartphones NFC pour une utilisation directe en tant que des lecteurs NFC. / EMV is the standard implemented to secure the communication, between a client’s payment device and a PoS, during a contact or NFC purchase transaction. It represents a set of security messages, exchanged between the transaction actors, guaranteeing several important security properties. Indeed, researchers in various studies, have analyzed the operation of this standard in order to verify its reliability: unfortunately, they have identified several security vulnerabilities that, today, represent major risks for our day to day safety. Consequently, in this thesis, we are interested in proposing new solutions that improve the reliability of this standard. In the first stage, we introduce an overview of the EMV security payment system and we survey its vulnerabilities identified in literature. In particular, there are two EMV security vulnerabilities that lead to dangerous risks threatening both clients and merchants: (1) the confidentiality of banking data is not guaranteed, (2) the authentication of the PoS is not ensured to the client’s device. Therefore, our interests move in the second stage to address these two weaknesses. We first review a selection of the related works that have been implemented to solve these vulnerabilities, and then, in order to obtain better results than the related works, we propose a new secure contact and NFC payment system that includes four innovative security mechanisms. Finally, in the third stage, we adapt our first security mechanism in the context of a new NFC payment architecture. This architecture is especially destined for small merchants, allowing them to take advantage of their NFC smartphones for use directly as NFC readers.

L’autonomie limitée du véhicule électrique est le premier frein au développement du marché de l’électrique. La charge inductive dynamique répond à ce problème, en offrant de charger son véhicule en roulant. La principale difficulté est de gérer les variations importantes du couplage magnétique lors du déplacement du véhicule, et ce pendant le transfert de puissance. Une précédente thèse dans l’équipe de recherche sur un prototype de 3 kW avait abouti au concept de recopie de tension, qui stabilise la tension en sortie du coupleur malgré la variation de couplage, et facilite notablement la conception du convertisseur DC/DC faisant interface avec la batterie. La thèse présentée ici porte sur l’adaptation du système pour fonctionner de 20 kW à 30 kW. Cette montée en puissance n’est pas évidente, du fait des importantes contraintes électriques sur les bobines du coupleur (1,4 kV sur le système de 3 kW), et du champ rayonné limité par des références normatives. Tout d’abord, nous proposons une nouvelle commande du circuit résonnant, qui permet de modifier le dimensionnement pour aboutir à des contraintes électriques plus faibles tout en conservant la recopie de tension. Ensuite, une forme de bobine en huit est étudiée pour aider à réduire le champ rayonné. Enfin, une démarche de dimensionnement est établie pour la partie électrique du système, ainsi que pour le coupleur magnétique, alliant modèle analytique et simulations à éléments finis et réduisant considérablement les temps de simulations. Les résultats de l’évaluation des performances du système dimensionné pour la haute puissance sont prometteurs. / The limited electric-vehicle distance range is the main reason hindering the development of the electric transportation market. Dynamic inductive charging solves this problem, offering the possibility to charge while driving. The main issue consists in handling wide magnetic coupling variations when the vehicle is moving, while charging. A previous thesis in the research team on a 3-kW prototype led to the concept of voltage copying, which stabilises the coupler output voltage despite the varying coupling, making it easier to design the DC/DC converter linking the coupler to the battery. The hereby thesis deals with adapting this system to transfer from 20 kW to 30 kW. Raising the power is no small matter, due to the high electrical constraints on the coupled coils (1.4 kV on the 3-kW system), and the radiated field, limited by standardised thresholds. Firstly, a new control of the resonating circuit is proposed, allowing to change the system design to get lower electrical constraints and maintaining voltage copying properties. Then, an eight-shape coil was investigated in order to reduce the radiated field. Finally, a design method was conceived for the electrical part of the system, as well as the magnetic coupler, using jointly analytical models and finite element simulations to reduce simulation times. Results of the evaluated performance for such a high-power system are quite promising.

The thesis deals with security of the Android operating system, both general security features and options for storing sensitive data. The suitability of Android KeyStore for storing sensitive data and the possibility of using the secure element for safe application calculations and smart card emulation are discussed. Using Host-based Card Emulation for contactless smart card emulation is discussed. The performance analysis of modular arithmetic operations for numbers with high bit length is examined. Following these analysis, an implementation of application for software contactless smart card emulation of HM12 and HM14 cryptographic protocol is proposed. And an implementation of application for verifying smart cards with these protocols is proposed. Also scheme for secure storage of sensitive data is proposed.

Diploma thesis Monitoring of hazardous environment deals with possibilities of construction of monitoring device for the nuclear power station Temelín. In the first part are accurate requirements for monitoring device, individual risks and identify obstacles and opportunities how to overcome them. There is also description of basic options for measuring temperature and environmental monitoring. Using multi-criteria analysis was done the selection of all components, from which is possibility to construct the first development release of monitoring device. 3D models for each component and the overall design visualization facilities were created in the programming environment of Autodesk Inventor. The conclusion provides an overview of the financial cost of the equipment is assembled

Dissertation deals with analysis and design of optoelectronic and photogrammetric measuring systems. Specific design of optoelectronic contactless flat object area meters with analysis of attainable measurement accuracy is described. Next part is dedicated to stereophotogrammetry - principles of 3D reconstructions, methods of camera self-calibration and matching points in images are described. The analysis of attainable accuracy of monitored parameters is discussed too. Finally, the test program with implemented described routines is introduced. This test program enables practical aplication of stereophotogrammetric system for taking spatial coordinates of 3D objects.