Texte remanié de: Diss.--Ling.--Universiteit te Gent, 1993. / Textes en français, en anglais, en espagnol et en portugais. Bibliogr. p. 239-263.

Th. 3e cycle--Lettres et sciences humaines--Paris--INALCO, 1987.

Th. État--Linguistique--Paris 7, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 215-225. Index.

The main topic of this final thesis is the concessional clause in the teaching of ELE for Slovak students. The following work consists of a contrastive analysis of the two languages, Spanish and Slovak, through which the possible difficulties with the concession in Spanish are assumed. The main objective of this work is that the students are able to recognize, interpret and correctly produce the concession in Spanish. In addition, the work explains the functioning of the concessional subordinates in Spanish. Moreover, it proposes eleven activities to practice this phenomenon that were carried out by the Slovak students of level B2 and C1. The didactic proposal includes all the problematic of the concessions putting the focus on the mode, which is, according to the results obtained, where more problems arise. All activities are part of the communicative approach and include games, dialogues and the use of new technologies. The content of the activities aims to familiarize the student with literature, history and Spanish cinema.

Les formes du figement dans les terminologies juridiques françaises et russes. Étude comparée.Le but de cette recherche est de décrire la formation des collocations spécialisées vues dans une optique contrastive, au sein de la langue spécialisée juridique française et de la langue russe. L'objet de la recherche est la modélisation des liens syntagmatiques des termes de la langue spécialisée juridique. Nous nous sommes inspirée de la sémantique des cadres, notamment du frame filmorien qui structure notre étude. L'unité d'analyse est une collocation de la langue spécialisée juridique appélée combinaison lexicale spécialisée.L'approche onomasiologique pose la problématique de l'étude des systèmes conceptuels des combinaisons lexicales spécialisées (ou CLS). L'approche sémasiologique s'occupe de la modélisation des CLS au niveau de la langue. Ainsi, les deux approches proposées - l'onomasiologique et la sémasiologique - servent respectivement aux besoins de la construction de deux champs, le notionnel et le sémantique, sur lesquels se fonde la typologie interlinguistique. Nous utilisons une approche comparative pour pouvoir trouver les parallélismes dans la procédure de création et de stabilisation de la signification dans les deux langues spécialisées, française et russe. C'est au cours de la confrontation de deux langues spécialisées que nous analysons les différences de créativité linguistique pour ensuite pouvoir en déduire les principes communs de formation des CLS juridiques. La méthode de traduction nous permet de juger de la stabilisation de la signification de la CLS en question et ensuite du degré de sa terminologisation. La comparaison interlinguistique, plus précisément pour ce qui nous concerne, la méthode de traduction, si elle révèle les propriétés extérieures au système des langues spécialisées française ou russe, sert également aux besoins de la modélisation lexico-sémantique de leurs moyens combinatoires. / General outline of the thesis: The forms of the unchanging nature of the French and Russian terminology. A comparative study.This research aims at describing the setting up of specialized collocations with a contrastive perspective t, within the French and Russian specialized legal language.The aim of this research deals with the modelling of the syntagmatic links regarding the terms of the specialized legal language. We have drawn our inspiration from the ideas of the semantics of the framework, in particular, of the Filmorian frame that structures our study. The analysis unit is a collocation of the specialized legal language, which is called specialized lexical combination.The onomasiological approach sets the problem of the study of the conceptual systems concerning the SLC. The semasiological approach deals with the modelling of the SLC at language level. Thus, the two suggested approaches, the onomasiological and the semasiological ones, both answer the needs of the setting up of the two fields: the notional as well as the semantic ones that, in turn, lay the foundation of the interlinguistic typology. We use a comparative approach to be able to find some kind of parallelism within the process of creation and stabilisation of the two specialized languages: French and Russian. While making a comparison between the two specialized languages, we can analyse the difference of linguistic creativity in order to be able to infer the common principles that govern the formation of the SLC. The method of translation, even if it points out the properties outside the system of the concrete specialized language, either French or Russian, does answer the needs of the lexico-semantic modelling of their perspective means of combination.Key words : jurdical terminology, frame, collocation, specialized lexical combination, onomasiological approach, semasiological approach, conceptual systems, comparative approach, translation

No description available.

This thesis examines thematization and patterns of thematic progression (TP) in French, Arabic, and English lead news articles. Similarities between French, Arabic, and English themic lead news stories at the clausal and textual levels suggest that there may be a fundamental principle underlying how the mind organizes language. The results may be applied to the creation of translation software that is faithful to source texts at the sentential and global levels or used in teaching in a second language classroom.

Living in the booming age of information, we have to rely on powerful information retrieval tools to seek the unique piece of desired knowledge from such a big data world, like using personalized search engine and recommendation systems. As one of the core components, ranking model can appear in almost everywhere as long as we need a relative order of desired/relevant entities. Based on the most general and intuitive assumption that entities without user actions (e.g., clicks, purchase, comments) are of less interest than those with user actions, the objective function of pairwise ranking models is formulated by measuring the contrast between positive (with actions) and negative (without actions) entities. This contrastive relationship is the core of pairwise ranking models. The construction of these positive-negative pairs has great influence on the model inference accuracy. Especially, it is challenging to explore the entity relationships in heterogeneous information network. In this thesis, we aim at advancing the development of the methodologies and principles of mining heterogeneous information network through learning entity relations from a pairwise learning to rank optimization perspective. More specifically we first show the connections of different relation learning objectives modified from different ranking metrics including both pairwise and list-wise objectives. We prove that most of popular ranking metrics can be optimized in the same lower bound. Secondly, we propose the class-imbalance problem imposed by entity relation comparison in ranking objectives, and prove that class-imbalance problem can lead to frequency 5 clustering and gradient vanishment problems. As a response, we indicate out that developing a fast adaptive sampling method is very essential to boost the pairwise ranking model. To model the entity dynamic dependency, we propose to unify the individual-level interaction and union-level interactions, and result in a multi-order attentive ranking model to improve the preference inference from multiple views.

Cette thèse en analyse du discours a pour objectif l'analyse comparative et l'analyse critique du discours sur l'allaitement dans deux communautés ethnolinguistiques différentes : la France et l'Allemagne. La question à l'origine de notre recherche est la suivante : choisir d'allaiter est-il réellement un choix ou les femmes suivent-elles le chemin tracé par les auteurs ? Nous avons réuni un corpus composé de brochures institutionnelles et de guides parentaux. Dans notre travail, nous avons relevé la façon dont les auteurs de ces guides et brochures se placent dans leur discours ainsi que les arguments qu'ils mettent en avant afin de convaincre les femmes d'allaiter. L'étude des caractérisations du lait et de l'allaitement dans notre corpus de textes franco-allemands nous a permis de montrer que ces auteurs laissent peu de place au choix d'allaiter même si cette absence relative de choix ne se traduit pas de la même manière dans les deux communautés ethnolinguistiques étudiées. / The objective of this thesis in discourse analysis is a critical and comparative analysis of discourses about breastfeeding in two different ethnolinguistic communities: France and Germany. The original research question is: is the option of breastfeeding a real choice or do women follow the path lined up by authors ? We gathered a corpus composed of institutional booklets and parent's manuals. In our research, we have considered how the authors of these guides and booklets are positioning themselves in their discourses and the arguments put forward to convince women to breastfeed. The study of milk and breastfeeding characterizations in our corpus of French and German texts has allowed us to show that these authors leave little opportunity to choosing breastfeeding, even if this lack of choice is translated in a different way in the two ethnolinguistic communities studied.

A amostra da presente pesquisa foi composta por 45 falantes do português brasileiro que aprendiam inglês como língua estrangeira. Todos foram alunos do ensino superior, do curso de Tradutor, de uma universidade privada da cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo foi analisar a produção das consoantes inglesas em final de vocábulo, nos padrões silábicos, VC e CVC, em dois momentos, com e sem treino. Os resultados evidenciaram mudanças de desempenho na análise póstreino. Foi também verificada a ocorrência de mais erros no padrão VC em função da categoria de erro Vocalização / The sample of the present research consisted of 45 Portuguese Brazilian speakers, who were learning English as a foreign language. All of them are attending the Translator course, in a private university, in the city of São Paulo. The aim of this research was to analyze the production of English ending consonants, based on syllabic patterns, VC and CVC, in two different moments, with and without training. It was also verified the occurrence of more errors in the VC pattern related to Vocalization category