Thesis (Ph. D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-193). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Eng.)(Electronic)--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-12T13:13:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSE HELEN SHIMABUKU.pdf: 10315363 bytes, checksum: 18ae5a852021813551a88575d9bddbbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T13:13:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSE HELEN SHIMABUKU.pdf: 10315363 bytes, checksum: 18ae5a852021813551a88575d9bddbbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / The complexity of labor relations in the contemporary world has brought new consequences for both organizations and workers. One of those new phenomena is Presenteeism, which is the act of a physically sick employee showing up to work even though s/he is experiencing health problems. This Master‟s thesis has as main objective to investigate Presenteeism, as well as analyze how the work psychological demands, the worker‟s control and the leadership support can contribute to understand this phenomenon. It was conducted two studies – first theoretical and second empirical – based on the theoretical model Demand-Control Model by Karasek (1979). In the first study, it was carried out an analysis of the latest studies on Presenteeism and on the demands, the control and the social support at work, encompassing the main theoretical references on these variables. In this article, it was observed that the work demands, the worker‟s control and the support s/he gets in her/his organizational environment cause a strong difference in their physical and mental health. The second article examined the work control moderational power and the leadership support in the relationship between the work psychological demands and Presenteeism. The study was conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional methodology and involved 204 working technicaladministrative employees of a Federal Institution of Higher Education of the State of Goiás.Data were collected through self-report, i.e., by filling the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-SPS-6 and Job Content-JCQ Questionaire. It was used the programs SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 to do data statistical analysis. This Master‟s thesis leads us to conclude that in the presence of high psychological demands of work, the stronger the control is, the weaker the Presenteeism is. Although there is a significant relationship between the work psychological demands, Presenteeism and leadership support, moderation test did not confirm that the leadership support is a moderator in the relationship between psychological demands, work and Presenteeism. This Master‟s thesis showed that the use of the moderation analysis proved to be a resource of utmost importance, since only in this way it was possible to verify more clearly how work control and leadership support as moderator variables influence the direction or intensity of the relationship between work psychological demands and Presenteeism. / A complexidade das relações do trabalho no mundo contemporâneo trouxe novas conseqüências tanto para as organizações quanto para os trabalhadores. Um desses novos fenômenos é o presenteísmo, que se caracteriza pelo ato de o trabalhador comparecer ao trabalho mesmo se sentindo doente. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar o presenteísmo, assim como analisar de que forma as demandas psicológicas de trabalho, o controle do trabalhador e o apoio da chefia podem contribuir para essa compreensão. Foram realizados dois estudos – um teórico e outro empírico –, tendo como modelo teórico de base o Modelo Demanda-Controle postulado por Karasek (1990). No primeiro artigo, foi realizada a análise do estado da arte do presenteísmo e das demandas, do controle e do apoio social no trabalho abrangendo os principais referenciais teóricos sobre essas variáveis. Observou-se, nesse artigo, que as demandas do trabalho, o controle do trabalhador e o apoio que ele recebe em seu ambiente organizacional impactam sobremaneira em sua saúde física e mental. O segundo artigo analisou o poder moderacional do controle do trabalho e do apoio da chefia na relação entre as demandas psicológicas de trabalho e o presenteísmo. O estudo foi realizado com 204 servidores técnico-administrativos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) Federaldo Estado de Goiás, utilizando-se metodologia de natureza quantitativa de corte transversal. Os dados foram coletados por autorrelato, através do preenchimento das escalas Stanford Presenteeism Scale – SPS-6, e Job Content Questionaire – JCQ. Para o tratamento de dados, foram utilizados os programas de análise estatística SPSS 21.0 e AMOS 21.0. Verificou-se, nesse estudo, que na presença de altas demandas psicológicas de trabalho, quanto maior for o controle, menor será o presenteísmo. Apesar de haver relação significativa entre demanda psicológica de trabalho, presenteísmo e apoio da chefia, o teste de moderação não confirmou que o apoio da chefia seja um moderador na relação entre demandas psicológicas, trabalho e presenteísmo. Evidencia-se que a utilização da análise de moderação se apresentou como um recurso de suma importância, visto que somente assim foi possível verificar com mais clareza de que forma o controle do trabalho e o apoio da chefia, na condição de variáveis moderadoras, influenciam na direção ou intensidade da relação entre as demandas psicológicas de trabalho e o presenteísmo.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gender and self reported symptoms (physiological and psychological) and sense of coherence (SOC) and Job Demand-Control-Social support (JDCS). The sample consisted of 360 respondents (nfemale= 261, nmale= 99), in the ages between 19-53 (M=25,57, SD=5,77), all students from Växjö University. A quantitative work method was used in the study; data was collected using questionnaires that consisted of self-reported questions, based on three parts: A modified symptom checklist, SOC 13 and a modified JDCS questionnaire. The result of our study showed that both SOC and JDCS had an effect on self-reported symptoms but there were no interaction between SOC and JDCS. No significant gender differences were found regarding the level of SOC. Female students reported symptoms in a significant higher extent than male students. There were no gender differences regarding JDCS. Our results are discussed in relation to previous studies. Our conclusion is that it is important to perform further research on students’ health and work environment.

<p>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gender and self reported symptoms (physiological and psychological) and sense of coherence (SOC) and Job Demand-Control-Social support (JDCS). The sample consisted of 360 respondents (nfemale= 261, nmale= 99), in the ages between 19-53 (M=25,57, SD=5,77), all students from Växjö University. A quantitative work method was used in the study; data was collected using questionnaires that consisted of self-reported questions, based on three parts: A modified symptom checklist, SOC 13 and a modified JDCS questionnaire. The result of our study showed that both SOC and JDCS had an effect on self-reported symptoms but there were no interaction between SOC and JDCS. No significant gender differences were found regarding the level of SOC. Female students reported symptoms in a significant higher extent than male students. There were no gender differences regarding JDCS. Our results are discussed in relation to previous studies. Our conclusion is that it is important to perform further research on students’ health and work environment.</p>

Our purpose with this qualitative study is to investigate how teachers experience their work situation, using Karasek and Theorell’s demand-, control- and support model. The study is based upon ten semi-structured interviews with gymnasium teachers. The interviews were transcribed and coded with three different themes; demand, control and support. We analyzed the results with Karasek and Theorell’s mentioned model. The results shows that all three dimensions – demand, control and support – seem important for teachers’ experienced work situation. Though we found that social support seems to be more important than the degree of control, which is the most important dimension according to Karasek and Theorell’s model, as well as according to previous research within the area of psychosocial disorder. Further, we reached the conclusion that a high level of control does not always have to be favorable, as it might cause more stress for the employees. / Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka hur lärare på en utvald gymnasieskola upplever sin arbetssituation, utifrån Karaseks och Theorells krav-, kontroll och stödmodell. Vi önskar få en djupare förståelse för hur lärares välmående påverkas av krav, kontroll och stöd i arbetet. Vi genomförde tio semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med gymnasielärare på den utvalda skolan. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades och kodades därefter utifrån tre olika teman; krav, kontroll samt stöd. Analysen gjordes utifrån Karaseks och Theorells ovan nämnda modell. Resultatet visar att samtliga dimensioner tycks ha en stor betydelse för hur lärare upplever sin arbetssituation. Vi fann att den dimension som verkar vara mest betydelsefull för lärares upplevda arbetssituation är det sociala stödet, och således inte i första hand egenkontroll, som framgår av Karaseks och Theorells modell samt i tidigare forskning. Studien visar vidare att hög egenkontroll inte per automatik behöver vara någonting positivt, som det framstår vid studerande av Karaseks och Theorells modell.

This study examined the interplay between parenting behaviors and self-regulatory focus in a sample of 320 university freshmen. Considering the theoretical assumptions and cultural differences, it is expected that specific parenting behaviors predict prevention and/or promotion self-regulatory focus. Especially, the dimensions of parental psychological control were expected to predict prevention focus. Participants completed multiple measures of parenting behaviors and self-regulatory focus. Self-regulatory focus was measured using both direct and indirect measures (i.e., value domains) considering the theoretical formulations underlying the indirect measures. The measures of specific parenting behaviors included parental support, behavioral control, psychological control, and overprotection. Results suggested that psychological control mainly predicts prevention focus. Whereas parental blaming and love withdrawal predicted prevention focus, guilt induction predicted promotion focus under certain conditions. Besides, parental overprotection was related with higher levels of both promotion and prevention self-regulatory focuses. As expected, parental behavioral control was associated with lower levels of prevention focus and parental support was associated with higher levels of promotion focus. Examination of the relationships between both types of self-regulatory focuses and the subscales of indirect measure comprised of value domains yielded results contradictory to the original formulations. For instance, contrary to the theoretical expectations, value domain of security was strongly associated with promotion focus rather than prevention focus, signifying a potential cultural difference. Finally, results have suggested that direct and indirect measures of self-regulatory focuses do not consistently overlap and they may measure different constructs. Results were discussed on the basis of the previous work in this area and further exploration was suggested to clarify the link between direct and indirect measures of self-regulatory focus and their links to parenting behaviors.

Abstract   Hansson, A. (2017). The experience of demands, control and social support among a group of health care providers in Central Sweden - a cross sectional study. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Occupational and Public Health Science. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. University of Gävle, Sweden. Background: In Sweden, employees who work within health and social care is the largest occupational group and is also the group which accounts for the highest number of illness cases. Work in health care often means a variety of psychosocial workloads such as high demands, low control and lack of social support. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the experiences and/or presence of demands, control and social support among nurses and home care workers in their daily work in health care in a municipality in central Sweden. Method: The study included 44 participants, 12 nurses and 32 home care workers. In a quantitative cross-sectional study, data was collected by use of a questionnaire designed by the author for the aim of the study. Participants reported their age, gender, working years and working hours, and answered questions about the experience and/or presence of demands, control and social support in their daily work. Results: The majority of the respondents experienced social support at their workplace. However, respondents 44 years or younger, did rarely/did not experience high work demands from managers or colleagues. Employees who worked more irregular hours experienced more often that they achieved expectations of what should be done from the care takers and their relatives. Respondents who had worked as caregivers 10 years or more, felt that their working hours were governed by the needs of care taker. Conclusion: The results show that an inadequate psychosocial work environment, with high demands, low control and lack of social support, was not experienced and/or a present problem among the majority of the respondents. Further research and knowledge is needed on how the perception of demands, control and social support at work has an impact on the self-perceived health of municipal employees within the health care sector since the work leave due to illness in this sector in Sweden continues to rise. Keywords: Demand, control and support, Public Health, Psychosocial Working Environment.

Forskningsfrågor: Vilka arbetsfaktorer anser personer anställda genom bemanningsföretag påverka deras välmående och varför? Hur skiljer välmående sig mellan deltid- och heltidsanställda inom bemanningsföretag i förhållande till identifierade arbetsfaktorer? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka det upplevda välmåendet hos personer som är anställda genom bemanningsföretag i ekonomisektorn samt vilka faktorer som har en påverkan på det upplevda välmåendet. En jämförelse kommer att göras mellan personer som arbetar heltid och de som arbetar deltid via ett bemanningsföretag. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ studie. Data samlades in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer, som hölls med åtta respondenter. Intervjuerna hölls via Microsoft Teams. Hälften av respondenterna var heltidsanställda och andra hälften var deltidsanställda.  Slutsats: Många av de identifierade faktorerna är sammankopplade. Jobbsäkerhet, karriärutveckling, inkludering/exkludering och arbetsutveckling har alla en central del för välmåendet. Anledningen till detta är bland annat att jobbsäkerhet har stora konsekvenser även utanför jobbet och påverkar även andra faktorer som ekonomisk kompensation, förväntningar och möjligheter till karriärutveckling. / Research questions: What work factors do people employed within staffing companies deem affects their wellbeing and how?How does wellbeing differ between part- and full-time employees within staffing companies in relation to the work factors? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived well-being of people who are employed through staffing companies in the financial sector and which factors have an impact on the perceived well-being. A comparison will be made between people who work full time and those who work part time through a staffing company. Method: The study is a qualitative study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with eight respondents. The interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams. Half of the respondents were full-time employees while the other half were part-time employees. Conclusion: Many of the identified factors are interconnected. Job security, career development, inclusion / exclusion and job development all have a central part to well-being. The reason for this is, among other things, that job security also has major consequences outside of work and also affects other factors such as financial compensation, expectations and opportunities for career development.