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Darbe nagrinėjamas juostinio konvejerio skaldos transportavimui projektavimas naudojant šiuolaikinę kompiuterinio projektavimo įrangą. Suprojektuotas ir sumodeliuotas SolidWorks kompiuterinio projektavimo sistemoje juostinis konvejeris skaldos transportavimui. Atliktas konvejerio laikančiųjų konstrukcijų stiprumo tyrimas, nustatyta, kad jų stiprumas pakankamas. Konvejerio pavara suprojektuota ir jos komponentų stiprumo tyrimai atlikti APM WinMashine programinio paketo pagalba. Pagrindinio konvejerio pavaros veleno stiprumo tyrimas parodė, kad jis yra tinkamas dirbti maksimalaus apkrovimo sąlygomis. Atlikti darbai parodė, kad naudojant kompiuterizuoto projektavimo sistemą SolidWorks, projektuose sumažėja klaidų skaičius, bei padidėja projektų atlikimo sparta. / The development of belt conveyor for transportation of macadam, using modern computer aided design (CAD), is analysed in the work. The conveyor was developed and modeled using CAD software SolidWorks. The analysis of the strength of conveyor frame was performed, it was rated that the strength of the frame is sufficient. The drive of the conveyor was developed and the analysis of the strength of its components was performed using APM WinMashine software. The analysis of the main conveyor shaft showed that it is suitable for operation under the conditions of maximum load. The performed works showed that using CAD system SolidWorks, number of design errors and design time decreases.

Orientadores: Denise Vaz de Macedo, Rodrigo Hohl / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T09:57:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraresso_RodrigoLuizPerroni_M.pdf: 3766463 bytes, checksum: 4e6cf849a52ef6607e6e4aec1bcbae01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O overtraining e um processo continuo de treinamento intenso que pode gerar um declínio curto no desempenho, denominado de overreaching funcional (FOR), o qual conduz eventualmente a uma melhoria no desempenho apos um breve período de recuperação (dias-semanas); ou um declínio mais prolongado no desempenho, caracterizado como overreaching nao funcional (NFOR), que somente e revertido por um período regenerativo mais longo (semanas-meses). Nos desenvolvemos um protocolo de treino-overtraining para ratos que induz aos estados FOR e NFOR apos um período de adaptação ao treinamento e aumento de desempenho (Tr). O desempenho dos animais foi avaliado através de 6 testes ao longo do protocolo, testes estes que serviram para separarmos nossos grupos experimentais. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a hipótese do estresse oxidativo, relacionado com alterações na atividade mitocondrial, como uma das possíveis causas desencadeadoras da queda de desempenho durante a instalação do overtraining. Para isso analisamos a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes catalase (CAT), glutationa redutase (GR) e superóxido dismutase (SOD), dos marcadores de produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), xantina oxidase (XO) e ataque oxidativo por meio da analise das substâncias que reagem ao acido tiubarbiturico (TBARs), alem da atividade da enzima citrato sintase (CS) e dos complexos mitocondriais da cadeia de transporte de elétrons, complexo I e IV. Analisamos ainda, em busca de possíveis biomarcadores, a capacidade antioxidante sanguínea por meio das analises do FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma), albumina e acido úrico. A peroxidação lipídica no plasma foi obtida por meio da analise do malondialdeido (MDA) e o marcador de lesão muscular utilizado foi a creatina quinase sanguínea (CK). Os resultados estão apresentados por meio de boxplots com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%) que dão a significância ou não de diferenças entre as analises. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para diminuições significativas na atividade do complexo IV e CS somada a atividades aumentadas das enzimas antioxidantes CAT e SOD no grupo NFOR, quando em comparação aos grupos Tr e FOR, respectivamente. Alem disso, os marcadores de peroxidação lipídica TBARs e MDA encontraram-se significativamente aumentados no grupo NFOR quando em comparação aos grupos CO, Tr e FOR. Estes dados sugerem, que a queda de desempenho no estado NFOR pode estar relacionada a diminuição da capacidade oxidativa devido a instalação de um quadro de estresse oxidativo mitocondrial, entretanto os mecanismos que causam este processo ainda precisam ser esclarecidos. / Abstract Overtraining is a continuous process with possible outcomes of functional-overreaching (FOR) and nonfunctional-overreaching (NFOR). FOR is characterized by a short-term decline in performance that leads eventually to an improvement in performance after a short recovery (daysweeks). NFOR is a decline in performance that can be reversed by a longer regenerative period (weeks-months). We developed an animal model of training-overtraining that led Wistar rats to FOR and NFOR states after a training adaptation period where they achieved increased performance (Tr group). The animal performance was evaluated through six tests during the protocol. These tests have served to separate our experimental groups. Our objective was to investigate the oxidative stress-related changes in mitochondrial activity hypothesis as a possible cause of the performance drop during the overtraining installation. We analyzed the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, ROS generator xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and oxidative damage indicator through the analysis of substances which react to thiubarbituric acid (TBARS) production. In addiction we analyzed citrate syntase (CS) enzyme activity and mitochondrial complexes of the electron transport chain (complex I and IV) activity. We also analyzed, for potencial biomarkers, the antioxidant capacity of blood through the FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma), albumin and uric acid analysis. Lipid peroxidation in plasma was obtained by malondialdehyde (MDA) and the muscle damage marker used was blood creatine kinase (CK). The results are presented by boxplots with their respective confidence intervals (95%) giving a significance or not of differences between analysis. The results pointed to significant decreases in complex IV and CS activity plus an increased of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activities in NFOR group when compared to Tr and FOR groups respectively. Furthermore, the lipid peroxidation TBARS and MDA markers were found significantly increased in NFOR group when compared to CO, Tr and FOR. These data suggest that the performance drop in the NFOR state may be related to decreased oxidative capacity due to a mitochondrial oxidative stress installation. However the mechanisms involved in this process yet to be clarified. / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Bei der Arbeit mit Vibrationsförderern ist die korrekte Beschreibung der Schwingungsbewegung die Grundlage für viele Auslegungs- und Entwicklungsaufgaben. Mit steigender Komplexität des Schwingungssystems treten vermehrt Wechselwirkungen und Synchronisationseffekte zwischen den Schwingungsmassen auf. Infolge dieser dynamischen Effekte ist die Berechnung der Schwingungsbewegung oft eine große Herausforderung. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Abbildung von Vibrationsförderern in Mehrkörpersystemen zur Simulation und Vorhersage des Bewegungsverhaltens. Durch die Abbildung verschiedener Antriebsformen und Verwendung eines parametrisierbaren Modellaufbaus besteht die Möglichkeit einer weitreichenden Simulation von Vibrationsförderern. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden in der Software SimulationX zur Simulation Modelle der üblichen Antriebsformen und Schwingungssysteme von Vibrationsförderern erstellt. Im Anschluss werden die Simulationsmodelle mit Messwerten eines selbst entwickelten Versuchsaufbaus und weiteren Förderern verglichen. Nachdem sich die realen Systeme in guter Art und Weise im Simulationsaufbau abbilden ließen, werden Anwendungsszenarien für den Einsatz der Simulation vorgestellt. Diese umfassen die Förderorganbewegung und Kippeinflüsse, Fördergeschwindigkeitsbetrachtungen, das Resonanzverhalten und die Untersuchung von Synchronisationseffekten. / When working with vibratory conveyors, the correct description of the vibratory motion is the basis for many design and development tasks. As the complexity of the vibration system increases, interactions and synchronisation effects between the vibrating masses occur more frequently. As a result of these dynamic effects, the calculation of the vibratory motion is often a major challenge. This thesis deals with the mapping of vibratory conveyors in multi-body systems for the simulation and prediction of the movement behaviour. By mapping different drive types and using a parameterizable model structure, it is possible to carry out a far-reaching simulation of vibratory conveyors. In this thesis, models of the usual drive forms and vibration systems of vibratory conveyors are created in the software for simulation SimulationX. The simulation models are then compared with measured values from a self-developed test setup and other conveyors. After the real systems could be modelled in a good way in the simulation setup, application scenarios for the use of the simulation are presented. These include the conveyor movement and tilting influences, conveyor speed considerations, resonance behaviour and the investigation of synchronisation effects.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 C37 / Master of Science

In recent years increasing growth rate of all industrial fields generated an emerging energy demand and consequent environmental problems worldwide. Defining environmental profiles of products and systems using environmental tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), is a critical issue for sustainable mining. In order to tackle the increasing environmental challenges and air emissions induced by surface coal mining, alternative material handling options are needed to be evaluated. This research study aims to provide a robust LCA model in selection of the alternative material haulage systems as a decision support system. The main objectives of this thesis study are: i) contributing to the national archived data by gathering data about haulage systems from an open pit coal mine, ii) constructing life cycle inventory from the acquired environmental data, iii) performing life cycle assessment of both material haulage systems in an open pit coal mine according to their environmental burdens, iv) conducting uncertainty assessment, and v) suggesting improvement in stages where emissions are critical. In order to accomplish these objectives, comparative LCA from cradle-to-grave was carried out in SIMAPRO 7.3 to determine life cycle environmental impacts of off-highway mining trucks and belt conveyors in coal transportation. Climate change and acidification were selected as major impact categories considered to be major concerns in mining industry. The results of this study revealed that off-highway trucks had 1.9 times greater impact on acidification category than belt conveyors, on the other hand, belt conveyors had 1.6 times greater impact on climate change. NOx emissions caused 96 percent of the acidification impact. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion led to 95 percent of the climate change effect. The obtained results also indicated that the highest impact on all selected impact categories were generated from the utilization stage of the trucks operated by diesel oil and utilization of belt conveyor systems operated by electricity. The main novelty of this study is that it is one of the first LCA studies in the Turkish mining industry where considerable amount of emissions occur due to material handling. This study also advances the current knowledge about environmentally critical processes in material handling systems and places recommendations for both alternatives aiming better decision making. The results of the study are expected to provide a decision support system for the mining industry.

<p>Kvalitetno me&scaron;anje pra&scaron;kastih materijala, čestica ili granula je od izuzetnog inženjerskog, energetskog, ekonomskog i ekolo&scaron;kog značaja u raznim granama industrije: prehrambenoj, procesnoj, hemijskoj, farmaceutskoj industriji. Efikasnost me&scaron;anja, dizajn opreme i parametri procesa me&scaron;anja imaju značajan uticaj na kvalitet i cenu poluproizvoda ili finalnog proizvoda.<br />U ovoj tezi, prikazana je upotreba metode diskretnih elemenata (DEM) na modelovanje me&scaron;anja granula i/ili pra&scaron;kastih materijala (granulisani zeolit ili kukuruzna prekrupa) u različitim konfiguracijama statičkih me&scaron;ača Komax i Ross, kao i za modifikovane pužne transportere / predme&scaron;alice. Primenjen je i metod računske dinamike fluida (CFD) za modelovanje protoka fluida u Ojlerovom vi&scaron;efaznom modelu, za predviđanje pona&scaron;anja čestica unutar različitih konfiguracija statičkih me&scaron;alica.<br />Ispitivano je petnaest horizontalnih pužnih transportera sa nepromenljivog koraka, sa modifikovanom geometrijom, različitih dužina pužnice, sa dodatnim elementima na pužnoj spirali, radi istraživanja mogućnosti me&scaron;anja granulisanog materijala, tokom transporta materijala (granulisani zeolit).<br />Rezultati matematičkog modeliranja i numeričke simulacije su upoređeni sa odgovarajućim eksperimentalnim rezultatima na osnovu stepena pome&scaron;anosti me&scaron;avine, primenom kriterijuma relativne standardne devijacije (RSD). Zahvaljujući ovde postavljenim modelima moguće je uraditi optimizaciju geometrije i parametara sistema me&scaron;anja uzimajući u obzir kvalitet procesa me&scaron;anja i cenu finalnog proizvoda.</p> / <p>The quality mixing of powders, particles and/or granules obtain an engineering, energetic, economic and ecological importance of various technologies, food industry, pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The mixing efficiency, the design of equipment and mixing parameters exert a strong impact on quality and the price of intermediate or final product. In this thesis, the use of Discrete Element Method (DEM) is shown for modeling of granular and/or powder flow in various multiple Komax and Ross mixing applications, as well as for the modified screw conveyors premixers . Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method was used for modeling of fluid flow through Eulerian multiphase model, for the prediction of particle displacement within the various static mixers configurations. Fifteen horizontal screw conveyors with invariant pitch, with modified geometry and different screw length , with some additional elements welded on the helix were tested for the possibility of granular material mixing during the material transport (granulated zeolite).<br />The results of the numerical simulation are compared with appropriate experimental results, according to relative standard deviation criterion (RSD). Application of this model provide the optimization of the geometry and parameters of mixing systems taking into account the quality of the mixing process and the cost of the final product.</p>

A travers l'étude des relations cinématographiques entre la France et la RDA, cette thèse met en lumière la manière dont Je cinéma constitua un espace de rencontre entre l'Est et l'Ouest. Initiés après 1945 par des professionnels du cinéma portés par un même engagement communiste, les échanges de films entre la France et la RDA se heurtent rapidement à l'actualité géopolitique et notamment à l'absence de liens diplomatiques officiels entre les deux États. Grâce à plusieurs figures de passeurs, des collaborations singulières aboutissent néanmoins, telles que la réalisation de coproductions, la diffusion de films de la DEF A à Cannes et dans les ciné-clubs et la participation régulière de Français au festival de Leipzig. Les relations cinématographiques franco-est-allemandes dépassent souvent le cadre binational et s'étendent à d'autres horizons. La Chine de Mao et la guerre d'Algérie constituent ainsi des espaces où se croisent les regards des cinéastes français et est-allemands. Si la France et son histoire inspirent plusieurs films à la DEFA, seuls deux documentaires français s'intéressent à la RDA, avant et après Mai 1968. Ce déséquilibre s'accentue encore à partir des années 1970. La reconnaissance officielle de la RDA par la France en 1973 s'accompagne de l'institutionnalisation des relations cinématographiques, qui simplifie la circulation des films de part et d'autre du Rideau de fer en même temps qu'elle en accroît l'asymétrie. Ce n'est qu'après la chute du Mur que la France s'intéressera davantage au sort de l'ex-RDA, en produisant plusieurs films sur l'après-1989 et en mettant la DEFA à l'honneur dans le cadre de rétrospectives. / Through the study of cinematographic relationships between France and the GDR from 1946 to 1992, this PhD thesis highlights how cinema constituted a meeting area between the East and the West. Initiated after the Second World War by film professionals sharing the same communist commitment, film exchanges between France and the GDR are quickly confronted with the geopolitical situation, in particular the Jack of official diplomatic relations between the two states. Thanks to several figures of conveyor, peculiar collaborations could succeed, such as the realization of co­productions, the diffusion of DEF A films in Cannes or in film clubs and the regular French participation in the festival of Leipzig. Franco-East-German film relations often go beyond the binational framework and extend to other horizons. Mao's China and the Algerian war thus constitute areas where French and East-German filmmakers look at. If France and its history inspire several DEFA films, only two French documentaries focus on the GDR, before and after May 1968. This imbalance increases even more from the l 970's onwards. The official recognition of the GDR by France in 1973 is accompanied by the institutionalization of cinematographic relationships, which simplifies the circulation of films on both sides of the Iron Curtain, while at the same time increasing its asymmetry. It is only after the fall of the Wall that France becomes interested in the fate of the former GDR, by producing several films about the post-1989 period and putting the DEFA in the limelight of festivals and retrospectives.

Vibrationsförderer gehören zur Gruppe der Stetigförderer und werden branchenübergreifend sowohl zur Schütt- als auch zur Stückgutförderung eingesetzt. Das Förderorgan eines Vibrationsförderers versetzt ein darauf befindliches Fördergut mittels kleiner periodischer Vibrationen in eine gerichtete Bewegung. Diese Gutbewegung wird anhand der mittleren Fördergeschwindigkeit charakterisiert und stellt eine wichtige Dimensionierungsgröße dar. Gleichzeitig dient die mittlere Fördergeschwindigkeit, neben einem ruhigen Laufverhalten des Gutes, als Beurteilungskriterium der Güte eines Vibrationsförderers. Die fortschreitende Entwicklung bringt immer komplexere Geräte mit nahezu beliebigen zweidimensional ausgeformten Vibrationsbewegungen hervor, wobei diese gelegentlich auch unbeabsichtigt generiert werden. Die aus solchen Bewegungsformen resultierenden Fördergutreaktionen lassen sich mit bislang vorhandenen Berechnungsmodellen nicht beschreiben. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Einflüsse zweidimensionaler Bewegungsformen eines Förderorgans auf die daraus resultierende Gutbewegung bei Vibrationsförderern. Diesbezüglich wurde ein numerisches Berechnungsmodell entwickelt, experimentell verifiziert und mit der nach dem Stand der Technik geläufigen Berechnungsvorschrift verglichen. Das entwickelte Modell diente weiterhin als Basis theoretischer Untersuchungen, insbesondere für 2D-Bewegungsformen 1. Ordnung. Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen konnte schließlich eine für den Anwender praktikable und erweiterte Berechnungsvorschrift abgeleitet werden. / Vibratory conveyors belong to the group of continuous conveyors and are inter-divisionally deployed for the conveyance of bulk and piece goods. The conveyor organ of a vibratory conveyor moves thereupon placed conveyed goods by means of small periodical vibrations in a directed movement. This movement of the goods is characterized via medium conveying speed and describes an important rating dimension. Next to a stable running performance of the goods, the medium conveying speed acts at the same time as an assessment criterion for the quality of a vibratory conveyor. The progressing development produces more and more complex devices with almost any two-dimensionally formed vibrating movements, which are, however, sometimes generated unintentionally. Reactions of conveying goods resulting from such movement patterns cannot be described with the so far existing analytical models. The dissertation at hand analyses the influence of two-dimensional movement patterns of a conveyor organ on the resulting movement of the goods when using vibratory conveyors. Concerning this matter, a numerical analytical model was developed, experimentally verified and, according to the calculation rule, compared to the state of the technology. The developed model provided furthermore a basis for theoretical research, here especially for 2D movement patterns of first order. Finally, a practicable and extended calculation rule could be deduced from the research results.

Vibrationsförderer sind Stetigförderer, welche Fördergüter durch periodische Schwingbewegungen in gerichtete Bewegungen versetzen. Vibrationsförderer sind in der Handhabungstechnik, der Zuführung von Mikrobauteilen und feinen Pulvern, sowie in der Schüttgut verarbeitenden Schwerindustrie weit verbreitet. In dieser Arbeit erfolgt nach der Betrachtung des Stands der Technik von Vibrationsförderern und den Interpretationsmöglichkeiten der Förderorganbewegung, die Vorstellung und Diskussion weiterer analytischer Berechnungsansätze. Anschließend werden Störprozesse, die während des Guttransportes auf Vibrationsförderern immer wieder beobachtet werden, erstmals klassifiziert und mathematisch beschrieben. Um die DEM-Simulation von Vibrationswendelförderern und linearen Vibrationsförderern unter Verwendung des Gleit-, Wurf- und Haft-Gleitförderprinzips in der Software LIGGGHTS zu ermöglichen, wurde eine Softwareerweiterung entwickelt. Diese Erweiterung umfasst zwei Module, welche die Bewegungen von importierten CAD-Geometrien auf Basis von als Fourierreihen definierten harmonischen Schwingungen höherer Ordnung ermöglichen. Das Befehlsmodul viblin ermöglicht die Definition von translatorischen Schwingungen. Das Modul vibrot ermöglicht die Definition von Rotationsschwingungen um eine raumfeste Achse. Beide Bewegungsmodule ermöglichen die Definition von komplexen Schwingungszuständen der CAD-Geometrien. Untersuchungen der Mikroprozesse innerhalb einer Arbeitsperiode zeigen, für die Förderarten Wurf und Gleiten, alle notwendigen Abschnitte der Kraft- und Geschwindigkeitsverläufe am Fördergut. Die durchgeführten Validierungen stellen die Verwendung der DEM als Simulationswerkzeug in der Vibrationsfördertechnik sicher. Auf der Basis der abschließend durchgeführten Parameterstudien können in Zukunft Kalibrierungsmethoden bezüglich des Verhaltens von Partikeln auf vibrierenden Unterlagen entwickelt werden. / Vibratory conveyors are continuous conveyors which move the materials to be conveyed by periodic vibrations of the conveyor chute. Vibrating conveyors are used in handling technology, the supply of micro components and fine powders, as well as in bulk material processing heavy industry. Within this work the state of the art of vibratory conveyors and alternative interpretations of the conveyor movement are introduced. Afterwards further analytical approaches are discussed. Subsequently, interfering processes, which occur during the transport of the materials on vibratory conveyors are classified and mathematically described. To simulate vibrating spiral conveyors and linear vibration conveyors using the sliding, throwing or sticking-glide conveyor principle in the software LIGGGHTS, a software extension was developed. This extension includes two software modules, to define the movements of imported CAD geometries on the basis of as Fourier series defined harmonic oscillations. The viblin command module allows the definition of translatory vibrations. The module vibrot allows the definition of rotational vibrations around a fixed axis. Both motion modules allow the definition of complex vibrational states of the CAD geometries. Investigations of the micro processes within a working period showed all necessary sections of the force and speed progression on the conveyed particles for the conveyor principles of micro throw and slide. The validations constitute the basic function of the DEM as a simulation tool in the vibratory conveyor technology. The final parameter studies can be used to develop calibration methods to describe the motion of particles on vibrating plates