O trabalho atualmente encontra-se flexibilizado e precarizado, consequÃncia direta de um movimento antagÃnico ao Fordismo. A flexibilizaÃÃo do trabalho carrega consigo o desmantelamento dos direitos trabalhistas e o avanÃo do trabalho nas esferas particulares do trabalhador. Dessa forma, a precarizaÃÃo do trabalho deriva diretamente desse movimento de flexibilidade trabalhista. O surgimento das cooperativas no sÃculo XIX abre novas possibilidades para se pensar o capital e o trabalho propriamente ditos, porÃm, seus ideais de cooperaÃÃo mutua e autogestÃo, propiciam o aparecimento de falsas cooperativas, difundindo vÃrios modelos de trabalho fora do signo do cooperativismo. A cataÃÃo de materiais reciclÃveis, realizada basicamente nas cooperativas, angaria aqueles trabalhadores sem perspectiva de retorno ao mercado formal de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que lhes oferece um trabalho precarizado com poucas ou nulas possibilidades de mudanÃa. Dessa forma o presente estudo, que fez parte da pesquisa para obtenÃÃo do tÃtulo de Mestre pelo Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Cearà â UFC dedicou-se a analisar a precarizaÃÃo do trabalho e das relaÃÃes trabalhistas presentes em uma cooperativa de material reciclÃvel, localizada em IcÃ, CearÃ. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 05 indivÃduos diretamente ligados à atividade de cataÃÃo, tendo como base uma abordagem qualitativa. A partir das entrevistas, foram elencadas e analisadas, de acordo com a SociohermenÃutica de Alonso, categorias comuns e presentes em todos os discursos. Considerou-se que o trabalho precarizado realizado pelos catadores apropria-se nÃo somente da atividade fÃsica, mas tambÃm da subjetividade dos catadores, dificultando uma reflexÃo mais profunda a cerca de sua condiÃÃo precarizada e inibindo uma reconquista dos direitos trabalhistas e do tempo particular exigido pelo trabalho precarizado. / Nowadays labor has become flexible and precarious, direct consequence of an antagonistic movement related to Fordism. The flexibility of labor carries in itself the breakage of labor rights and the advancement of toil in the laborerâs private circles. This way, the precariousness of labor derives directly from that labor flexibility movement. The arising of cooperatives in 19th century opens new possibilities to thinking capital and labor per se, however the ideals of mutual cooperation and self-management propitiate the appearance of false collectives, disseminating various models of labor outside the sign of cooperative. The gathering of recyclable materials, perpetrated basically in cooperatives, assemble those workers without perspective of getting back to the formal laboring market, at the same time it offers a precarious labor with few or null possibilities of change. This way the present study, which was part of the research to obtain the title of Master by the Post-Graduation Program in Psychology of the Federal University of Cearà â UFC, was devoted to analyze the precariousness of labor and the working relationships that are present in a cooperative of recyclable materials, located in IcÃ, CearÃ. For that matter, 05 individuals directly related to the gathering activity were interviewed based in a qualitative approach. Then, based on those interviews and according to Alonsoâs social hermeneutics, categories were cast and analyzed, all of them common and present in every speech. It was considered that the precarious labor performed by the gatherers is based not only in physical activity, but in the subjectivity of them too, making even more difficult to reflect deeply about their precarious condition and inhibiting the restoration of labor rights and of the private time demanded by the precarious labor.

Orientador: Marcelo de Castro Meneghim / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T18:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SchiavolinNeto_Luiz_M.pdf: 813933 bytes, checksum: 91c13513916ef968b6d32c5537ccc0ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: No Brasil, a assistência odontológica obedece a uma prática predominantemente privada, curativa e socialmente excludente, sendo que a maior parte da população tem acesso limitado ao sistema público. Diante disso, as demandas pelo atendimento odontológico em Convênios e Cooperativas têm crescido significativamente. Neste estudo, faz-se uma análise operacional desses sistemas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, com a finalidade de entender e conceituar sua dinâmica. Do total de 96 Convênios e 8 Cooperativas existentes na localidade, foram estudados, por meio de aplicação de questionários semi-estruturados, 21% (n=20) dos Convênios e 100% das Cooperativas (n=8). O estudo revelou forte ligação dos cirurgiões-dentistas com os sistemas, apontando os seguintes resultados: (a) as Cooperativas têm mais usuários e mais profissionais credenciados do que os Convênios, com tempo de funcionamento também maior; (b) o número de profissionais especialistas e de especialistas/clínicos-gerais é maior nos Convênios, mas as Cooperativas oferecem maior número de especialidades; (c) os critérios predominantes para credenciamento em Convênios e Cooperativas são o aumento do número de usuários e a necessidade de novas especialidades; (d) o principal motivo para a rescisão de contrato do profissional é o descumprimento das normas internas; (e) 75% dos reembolsos nos Convênios é feito após a conclusão do trabalho; (f) nos Convênios os usuários têm acesso ao atendimento em sede própria e locais credenciados e nas Cooperativas somente em locais credenciados; (g) menos da metade dos Convênios e Cooperativas realiza fiscalização nos consultórios; (h) as especialidades odontológicas oferecidas por todos os Convênios e Cooperativas são: dentística, odontopediatria, prevenção, periodontia e endodontia; (i) procedimentos mais realizados nos dois sistemas: dentística e periodontia; (j) procedimentos menos realizados: implantes, semiologia e cirurgia buco-maxilo facial. Conclui-se que o sistema operacional das Cooperativas favorece mais o cirurgião dentista do que os Convênios odontológicos, facilitando o acesso ao sistema e melhor participação nos resultados / Abstract: In Brazil, the odontological assistance obeys one practical predominantly private, curative and socially exculpatory one, being that most of the population has access limited to the public system. Ahead of this, the demands for the odontological attendance in Accords and Cooperatives have grown significantly. In this study, an operational analysis of these systems in the Region becomes Metropolitan of São Paulo, with the purpose to understand and to appraise its dynamics. Of the total of 96 Accords and 8 existing Cooperatives in the locality, they had been studied, by means of application of half-structuralized questionnaires, 21% (n=20) of Accords and 100% of the Cooperatives (n=8). The study it disclosed to fort linking of the surgeon-dentists with the systems, pointing the following results: (a) the Cooperatives have credential using and more professional more that the Accords, with time of also bigger functioning; (b) the number of professional specialists and specialist/generalities is bigger in the Accords, but the Cooperatives offer to greater number of specialties; (c) the predominant criteria for accredit in Accords and Cooperatives are the increase of the number of users and the necessity of new specialties; (d) the main reason for the contract rescission is the unaccomplished of the internal norms; (e) 75% of the reimbursements in the Accords is after made the ending of the work; (f) in the Accords the users only have credential access to the attendance in proper headquarters and places and the Cooperatives in credential places; (g) less of the half of the Accords and Cooperatives carries through to examine in the doctor's offices; (h) the odontological specialties offered by all the Accords and Cooperatives are: dentist, pediatric odontology, prevention, periodontal and endodontical; (i) carried through procedures more in the two systems: dentist and periodontal; (j) carried through procedures less: implantations, semiology and face odontological chirurgic. One concludes that the operational system of the Cooperatives is better for the surgeon - dentist / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre Profissional em Odontologia

O presente estudo tem por objeto a organização do trabalhador do setor habitacional da Construção Civil em cooperativas de trabalho. Partimos dos pressupostos do cooperativismo - constituição democrática, autogestão, vantagens fiscais em relação a outros tipos de empresa e predileção do Estado prevista em lei -, para compreender quais características do modo de produção capitalista do setor interferem na formação, organização do trabalho e inserção no mercado das cooperativas de trabalhadores. Para tanto, buscamos compreender as razões da formação e da manutenção de uma base manufatureira de produção no setor - pautada na divisão intelectual e na precarização do trabalho e suas possíveis influências e distorções na organização do trabalho no sentido original de uma cooperativa. Também analisamos a atual organização do mercado de trabalho - marcada pela sub-contratação, terceirização de serviços e conseqüente suspensão de direitos trabalhistas adquiridos - buscando entender como o capital tem se utilizado das cooperativas e de seus princípios organizacionais. Por fim, levantamos possibilidades emancipadoras do trabalhador cooperativado na Construção Civil, bem como o papel que caberia ao arquiteto nesse processo. / The object of this study is the organization of the labour force of the house building sector in cooperatives. We started with the principles of cooperative work democratic constitution, self management, lower taxes than in other enterprises, and State support established by law -, to understand which characteristics of the capitalist mode of production interfere with the formation and the organization of labour and the insertion of the cooperatives in the market. To this effect, we sought to understand the reasons of the formation and upkeep of a production basis in manufacture of this sector based on the intectual division and precarious nature of labour and their eventual influences and distortions in labour organization in the original sense of a cooperative. We also analised the current organization of the labour market wrought by sub-contracting, outsourcing and consequent suspension of labour rights trying to understand how capital uses the cooperatives and its principles. Finally, we surveyed the emancipatory possibilities of cooperative work in the building industry, as well as the role Architects in this process.

Por ser o cooperativismo um modelo de organização que promove desenvolvimento econômico e social, estudos de soluções que levem ao aumento de seu desempenho e a redução de seus problemas são cada vez mais importantes. Estas passam não só por melhorias na gestão e finanças das cooperativas, mas principalmente pelo incentivo à educação e a participação dos cooperados. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a relação entre educação cooperativista, participação e satisfação dos sócios de uma cooperativa de forma a contribuir para a elaboração de propostas e medidas que promovam o aumento do desempenho da cooperativa. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório no qual foi desenvolvido um questionário próprio e lançou-se mão de um estudo de caso, escolhendo uma cooperativa do ramo agropecuário como objeto de análise. Os resultados apontam que apenas a escolaridade não garante a educação cooperativa, a qual, por sua vez, está relacionada com a participação de forma positiva. Também se constatou que a maior participação não está relacionada com a menor satisfação, como se esperava, e sim com o maior poder econômico. Tudo isso reforça a idéia de que se deve investir em ações específicas para a educação cooperativista como forma de aumentar a participação de todos, bem como o desempenho da cooperativa. Apesar de suas limitações, a pesquisa é ponto de partida para outros estudos nesta área além de contribuir para a construção de um modelo de análise. / Because cooperatives are a model of organization that promotes economic and social development, studies of solutions that increase its performance and reduce its problems are very important. Those solutions involve not only improvement in managing and financing areas, but mostly the participation and the cooperative education. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the relation between cooperative education, participation, and satisfaction of the members of a cooperative, as a way to contribute for the creation of proposals and plans that improve the performance of the cooperatives. To achieve this aim, it was done an exploratory study, using a questionnaire in a case study of an agricultural cooperative. The results show that high level of formal education does not implies high level of cooperative education, which is related with participation in a positive way. It also turned out that the higher participation is not connected with lower satisfaction, as imagined, but with higher economic power. All this reinforce the idea that is necessary investments in cooperative education to improve participation and cooperative performance. Despite its limits, the research is a start to others in the same area and contributes to the development of an analysis model.

The purpose of this dissertation is to challenge the predominant theories of the firm in economics by demonstrating that the firm can only be properly understood if the importance of cooperation based on trust and loyalty, and the ability of the firm to achieve that cooperation by influencing the social foundations of behaviour, is appreciated. Chapter 1 demonstrates that neglecting this ‘social nature’ of the firm renders the predominant theories incomplete and incompatible, with contract-based theories clinging to a rigid model of behaviour and competence-based theories failing to develop the social foundations of knowledge. The second chapter constructs a theory of the firm that rectifies these shortcomings by maintaining that the firm fulfils its purpose of developing and applying productive knowledge by achieving cooperation, which, along with the dual function of achieving coordination, involves a combination of organisational structures and organisational culture. In Chapter 3, this theory reveals that, contrary to deterministic views on organisation and economic development, a range of organisational forms are possible for any given technology or culture, and that organisation in fact shapes technology and culture. In Chapter 4, the dissertation shows that, contrary to the predominant theories of the firm, cooperative firms may have an inherent advantage in achieving cooperation based on trust and loyalty, and in maintaining that cooperation while also achieving the coordination required for advanced technologies. Although this ability may be suppressed by the prevailing institutional environment, the case of Mondragón, discussed in Chapter 5, demonstrates that it can be activated by innovations such as cooperative groups and ‘second-tier coops’. Although Mondragón’s success has been attributed to the uniquely cooperative traits of Basque culture (as opposed to its structural innovations), Chapter 6 demonstrates through primary and secondary research that Mondragón has in fact been used as model across the globe.

The Rwandan countryside is currently undergoing a process of rapid reform under ambitious government programs to modernize agriculture for participation in national and international markets. While the government asserts that it is pursuing pro-poor growth, many critics present significant evidence to the contrary. This thesis examines the use of farmers cooperatives within the ongoing government campaign of agricultural modernization, and it asks whether the co-ops themselves are sources of personal empowerment and material gain for the small producers. Adopting the “sceptical” post-development position advanced by Aram Ziai, the present research attempts to take a pragmatic look at the ways in which the co-ops meet or fail to meet the material and non-material needs of their members while appreciating that cultural preferences are heterogeneous and dynamic. While the use of farmers cooperatives appears appropriate for the Rwandan marshland, the co-ops examined very much fall short of the post-development social movement model.

This study investigates the resilience of coffee cooperatives and producer organizations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and explores their adaptations to the context in relation to their livelihood capitals. The changes to their operations are analyzed through the contexts of shocks, trends and stresses and how they perceived these threats. The topic of research is relevant given the economic and social importance of cooperatives in these communities and potential impacts to their operations during COVID-19, which is likely to have long-term impacts locally and within the global setting.There is a lack of consensus regarding the classification of cooperatives as resilient organizations, with much of the previous research focusing on financial crisis or natural disasters. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented event on a global scale with far-reaching impacts into social, economic and political spheres, and examining these effects is still a developing realm within academic research. The relationship of coffee producers and their organizations within the global commodity chains renders such organizations particularly vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 and government policy interventions. Investigating how coffee cooperatives in Honduras have been operating throughout the COVID-19 pandemic assesses their potential capacity for resilience by examining how they have been impacted and the manners in which they have overcome these challenges. This further allows for increased understanding of cooperative resilience and ways in which cooperatives’ capital have the potential to impact their resilience.This research follows an abductive qualitative case study and utilizes semi-structured interviews from various coffee cooperatives and organizations in Honduras as primary sources with existing literature as secondary sources. The interviews were conducted remotely. The findings include accounts from cooperatives and producer organizations, which focus primarily on coffee production, in addition to reports from a privately owned coffee production enterprise and a cooperative member. The Vulnerability Context and Asset Pentagon, components of the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Framework as described by the Department for International Development, were used to analyze the data, along with variables to assess organizational resilience. The study finds that investments to organizations’ human and social capital were prioritized and heavily relied upon during this crisis and the more established organizations had a larger range of resources from which to draw upon. Nevertheless, by continuing to develop and expand on human and social capital, cooperative organizations can increase their capacity for resilience.

Thesis (M. Dev. (Development Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This study examines the way cooperatives operate and particularly how these poverty alleviation projects impacts on poverty in Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality (LNLM). The study also assessed the significance of government interventions contributing to the role the cooperatives play in alleviating poverty in LNLM. The research methodology used for this study involved both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data was collected using questionnaires whereby the researcher conducted one-on-one interviews to administer them. The interviewees were composed of officials from the three spheres of government and the members of the cooperatives in the chosen area of study. The various international and local literatures relating to cooperatives were reviewed. The key findings of this study revealed that cooperative enterprises in the municipality can alleviate poverty especially leveraging on interventions, such as training, specific funding and skills development for the cooperatives which will assist the cooperative to grow and to be more sustainable. It has also shown that members in cooperatives have been able to support their families to meet their basic needs despite the pressing conditions under which cooperatives operate. Some of the key recommendations proposed include: firstly, that government should create awareness amongst cooperatives on what are the national funding,and how this funding operates; secondly, that government should market the funding opportunities and clearly explain to the cooperatives how the schemes work and how they will assist in the operations of the cooperatives in order to avoid misconceptions; and thirdly and most importantly, the monitoring and evaluation by the state on cooperatives funding programmes should be conducted on a regular basis.

Origination of the uniform agricultural cooperatives ("UAC") and their legal basis Abstract: The aim of this thesis was to map in detail the process of the formation of unified agricultural cooperatives. Furthermore, I have tried to characterize the basic features that played a role in the process of the formation of unitary agricultural cooperatives. In my thesis, I proceed chronologically from the publication of the Kosice Government Programme to the government's declaration of 15 September 1953. The first part of my work is devoted to the post-war period. In the introduction of the first part I try to outline the situation that prevailed in the then Czechoslovakia and I accentuate any mention of cooperatives. I then turn to the so-called six agricultural acts and the Hradec programme. The second part of my work is devoted to the events from the victory in February until the adoption of the law on unified agricultural cooperatives. This section begins by mentioning the first post-February government program statement and the agricultural laws passed on March 21, 1948. Next, I present the first post-war agricultural cooperatives concept. Much space is then devoted to the Information Bureau Resolution of June 28, 1948, and the subsequent creation of the conditions for the unified agricultural cooperatives...

The diploma thesis attends the phenomenon of energy cooperatives (also called co-ops or guilds) and relates it to theoretical framework and also to international context. The text is divided into three parts. First part explains the cooperatives from the inside - how do they work, how are they founded, how are they financed, what are their advantages etc. Second part deals with the energy cooperatives in context of theory of reflexive modernization, sustainable development and energy self-sufficiency. Knowledge explained in first and second part is exeplified by practical examples for better understanding. Third part contains of comparative case study that compares Denmark and The Czech republic from the point of view of energy policy development and conditions for development of energy cooperatives.