Depuis des décennies, les plantes sont utilisées en pharmacopée traditionnelle pour le soin de plusieurs maladies. Ceci en raison des résistances que présentent certains microorganismes vis-à-vis des produits pharmaceutiques. On notera aussi le manque de moyen financier pour l'accès au soin en médecine moderne. Voilà pourquoi le présent travail porte sur l'extraction, l'isolement, l'élucidation des structures, les transformations chimiques et les tests biologiques des métabolites secondaires des variétés sauvage et cultivée de l'espèce Triumfetta cordifolia A Rich (Tiliaceae). Les chromatographies successives de l'extrait organique des tiges et des feuilles de la variété sauvage ont conduit à l'isolement de quatre produits nouveaux dont deux céramides isolés des tiges et deux triterpènes obtenus des feuilles. Ces composés ont été identifiés à (2R, 6Z)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyhexacosan-2-yl]heptadec-6enamide, {(2R)-N-(1S,2R,3E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy heneicosa-3,6,9,12,15-pentaen-1-yl}-2-hydroxytetradecanamide, 3-O-propanoyl-29-O-triacontanoylstigmasta-5,22-diene-3beta,29-diol et l'acide 2alpha,3beta,19alpha-trimethoxyurs-12-ene-24,28-dioique-24-[(2alpha,3beta)-24,28-bis(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-24,28-dioxours-12-en-3-yl] ester. En plus de ces composés, onze autres de structures connues ont été isolés et identifiés à l'acide heptadecanoïque, au glucopyranoside de bêta-sitostérol, à la friedeline, au lupéol, à la bétuline, à l'acide oléanolique, à l'acide maslinique, à l'acide corosolique, au mélange de stigmastérol et bêta-sitostérol, à l'acide heneisanoïque et au trans-tiliroside. De l'extrait organique des tiges et des feuilles de l'espèce cultivée de Triumfetta cordifolia dix produits ont été isolés parmi lesquels trois n'ont pas encore été identifiés, quatre ont été déjà isolés de l'espèce sauvage (mélange de stigmastérol et bêta-sitostérol, glucopyranoside de bêta-sitostérol, triumfettamide) et les trois derniers de structures connues ont été identifiés à l'acide tormentique, à la bêta-carotène et à l'acide 24-hydroxytormentique. Les structures de ces composés ont été élucidées grâce aux données de RMN (1 et 2D) et elles ont été confirmées en comparant ces données à celles décrites dans la littérature. Le stigmastérol a été soumis à plusieurs réactions d'oxydation et en plus des produits obtenus, certains composés isolés en grande quantité ont été soumis au test de cytotoxicité sur une lignée de cellules HT1080. La méthode utilisée est la cytométrie à flux et certaines de ces drogues ont présenté une grande activité cytotoxique bien que induisant à la fois la mort nécrotique et non nécrotique des cellules cancérigènes. L'activité antioxydante des fractions issues du flash des deux plantes et certains composés a été évaluée par la méthode FRAP. Le travail révèle ici le caractère préventif et curatif de nos plantes comestibles ; car ces espèces peuvent bien utiliser contre les stress oxydatifs et les études biologiques pourront être approfondies sur certains composés isolés pour mettre en valeur leur propriétés anticancer / From decade, plants are used in traditional healer to treat many diseases. This could be explained by microorganism pharmaceutical drug resistance. Beside, the poverty limits also access to modern treatment. That is why the present work deals with extraction, isolation, structural elucidation, chemical transformation and biological evaluation of secondary metabolites isolated from the wild and cultivated species of Triumfetta cordifolia A Rich (Tiliaceae). From the organic extract of twigs and leaves of wild T. cordifolia, four new compounds were characterized (two ceramides and two triterpens) by successive chromatography methods and identified as (2R, 6Z)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyhexacosan-2-yl]heptadec-6enamide, {(2R)-N-(1S,2R,3E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy heneicosa-3,6,9,12,15-pentaen-1-yl}-2-hydroxytetradecanamide, 3-O-propanoyl-29-O-triacontanoylstigmasta-5,22-diene-3beta,29-diol et l'acide 2alpha,3beta,19alpha-trimethoxyurs-12-ene-24,28-dioique-24-[(2alpha,3beta)-24,28-bis(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-24,28-dioxours-12-en-3-yl] ester acid..These compounds were obtained together with eleven known compounds identified as heptadecanoic acid, beta-sitostérol glucopyranoside, friedelin, lupeol, betulin, oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, the mixture of stigmasterol and beta sitosterol, heneicosanoic acid and trans-tiliroside. From the organic extract of twigs and leaves of cultivated species, ten products were isolated ; three among of them have not yet been identified, four of them were already obtained from the wild species and the rest were identified as Tormentic acid, beta-carotene and 24-hydroxytormentic acid. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of NMR data(1H, 13C, two dimensional NMR analyses), mass spectrometry structure of new compounds were confirmed by chemical transformations while those of known compounds were confirmed by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature and with authentic samples for some of them. Stigmasterol was subjected to different oxidation reactions. The cytotoxic activities of the products and some isolated compounds against human fribosarcoma cell line HT1080 were evaluated. The flow cytometry was used to carry out this assay and some drugs showed good cytotoxic activities although inducing at the same time the apoptopic and necrotic dead of cells. The antioxidant properties of some fractions and compounds were also evaluated by FRAP method. Trans-tiliroside and its fraction showed good antioxidant activity. This work reveals the preventive and curative character of both eatable plants since these species could be used against oxidative stress. Other biological studies could be deepened to highlight the anticancer property of some isolated compounds

Th. 3e cycle--Pharm., chim. thérapeutique, 1981. N°: 28.

Sida cordifolia from Malvaceae family (Sida L.) with about 250 species around the world, has been used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antipyretic, laxative, diuretic, analgesic and hypoglycemic, antiviral, bactericide and antifungal. In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antinociceptive action of the ethanol extract (EE), chloroform (CF) and methanol (MF) fractions obtained of Sida cordifolia, known in Brazil as malva branca or malva branca sedosa . Leaves of S. cordifolia were used to produce the crude ethanol extract and after CF and MF. Experiments were conducted on Swiss mice using the glutamate and formalin-induced orofacial nociception. In the formalin test, all doses of EE, CF and MF significantly reduced the orofacial nociception in the first (p < 0.001) and second phase (p < 0.001), which was also naloxone-sensitive. The percentage reduction average for the first phase of the formalin test was 79,6% (EE), 78,4% (CF) e 65,6% (MF) and for the second phase 77,9% (EE), 69,7% (CF) e 81,1% (MF). In the glutamate-induced nociception test, only CF and MF significantly reduced the orofacial nociceptive behavior with inhibition percentage values of 48.1% (100 mg/kg, CF), 56.1% (200 mg/kg, CF), 66.4% (400 mg/kg, CF), 48.2 (200 mg/kg, MF) and 60.1 (400 mg/kg, MF). Furthermore, treatment of the animals with EE, CF and MF was not able to promote motor activity changes. These data demonstrate that S. cordifolia has a pronounced antinociceptive activity against orofacial nociception. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for this antinociceptive action and also to identify other active substances present in S. cordifolia. / A Sida cordifolia pertencente a família Malvaceae e gênero Sida L. com cerca de 250 espécies em todo mundo, tem sido utilizada na medicina popular como anti-inflamatória, antireumático e antipirético, laxante, diurético, analgésico e hipoglicemiante, antiviral, bactericida e antifúngica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a possível ação antinociceptiva do extrato etanólico (EE) e das frações clorofórmica (FC) e metanólica (FM) obtidas das folhas de Sida cordifolia, conhecida no Brasil como malva branca . As folhas de Sida cordifolia foram usadas para a preparação do extrato bruto e depois foi obtida frações a partir desse extrato. Os experimentos foram realizados com camundongos Swiss usando o glutamato e formalina como agentes de indução da nocicepção orofacial. No teste da formalina, todas as doses do EE, FC e FM significativamente reduziram o comportamento nociceptivo orofacial em ambas as fases do teste (p<0,001), as quais foram sensíveis a naloxona. A média percentual de redução para a primeira fase do teste da formalina foi 79,6% (EE), 78,4% (FC) e 65,6% (FM) e para a segunda fase 77,9% (EE), 69,7% (FC) e 81,1% (FM). No teste de nocicepção induzida por glutamanto, somente as FC e FM reduziram significativamente o comportamento nociceptivo orofacial com um percentual de inibição de 48,1% (100 mg/kg, FC), 56,1% (200 mg/kg, FC), 66,4% (400 mg/kg, FC), 48,2% (200 mg/kg, FM) e 60,1% (400 mg/kg, FM). O tratamento dos animais com EE, FC e FM não foi capaz de promover alterações na atividade motora. Esses resultados demonstraram que a S. cordifolia possui um pronunciado efeito sobre a nocicepção orofacial. No entanto, estudos químicos e farmacológicos são necessários a fim de caracterizar os mecanismos responsáveis por essa ação antinociceptiva, bem como identificar substâncias presentes dentro da S. cordifolia

No presente trabalho, espécimes de Mikania cordifolia coletados em Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, Campos do Jordão e Monte Verde são analisados comparativamente por métodos cromatográficos (CG e CLAE) para a pesquisa de triterpenóides, lactonas sesquiterpênicas e flavonóides. Todos os espécimes de M. cordifolia analisados apresentaram os triterpenóides -Amirina, -Amirina, Lupeol, Lupenona, Taraxasterol, Pseudotaraxasterol, Acetato de -Amirina, Acetato de -Amirina, Acetato de Lupeol, Acetato de Taraxasterol, Campesterol, Estigmasterol e -Sitosterol, as lactonas sesquiterpênicas 14-hidroxi-15[2-hidroximetilacriloiloxi]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8-olídeo, 14-hidroxi-15[2-hidroxi,2-metilpropanoiloxi]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8-olídeo e 14-hidroxi-15[2,3-epoxi,2-metilpropanoiloxi]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8-olídeo, os flavónóides Quercetina-3-O--galactosídeo e Rhamnazina e o ácido 3,4-diidroxi-benzóico. Apenas os espécimes de Ribeirão Preto e São Carlos apresentaram Friedelina. O extrato aquoso de M. cordifolia foi avaliado para atividade antiofídica, mostrando-se efetivo na diminuição do edema de pata de camundongo induzido por veneno de Bothrops moojeni. / In the present work, specimens of Mikania cordifolia collected at Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, Campos do Jordão and Monte Verde were analyzed comparatively for triterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids by chromatographic methods (GC and HPLC). All M. cordifolia specimens analyzed showed the triterpenoids -Amyrin, - Amyrin, Lupeol, Lupenone, Taraxasterol, Pseudotaraxasterol, -Amyrin Acetate, - Amyrin Acetate, Lupeol Acetate, Taraxasterol Acetate, Campesterol, Stigmasterol e -Sitosterol, the sesquiterpene lactones 14-hydroxy-15[2 -hydroxymethylacryloyloxygermacra- 1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8 -olide, 14-hydroxy-15[2 -hydroxy,2 - methylpropanoyloxy]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8 -olide e 14-hydroxy- 15[2 ,3 -epoxy,2 -methylpropanoyloxy]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8 -olide, the flavonoids Quercetin-3-O- -galactoside and Rhamnazyn and the compound 3,4- dihydroxy-benzoic acid. Only specimens collected at Ribeirão Preto and São Carlos showed Friedelin. The aqueous extract of M. cordifolia was evaluated for antiofidic activity and was found effective in reducing mice paw edema induced by venom of Bothrops moojeni

Thesis (M. Sc. (Zoology and Entomology))--Rhodes University, 2006.

No presente trabalho, espécimes de Mikania cordifolia coletados em Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, Campos do Jordão e Monte Verde são analisados comparativamente por métodos cromatográficos (CG e CLAE) para a pesquisa de triterpenóides, lactonas sesquiterpênicas e flavonóides. Todos os espécimes de M. cordifolia analisados apresentaram os triterpenóides -Amirina, -Amirina, Lupeol, Lupenona, Taraxasterol, Pseudotaraxasterol, Acetato de -Amirina, Acetato de -Amirina, Acetato de Lupeol, Acetato de Taraxasterol, Campesterol, Estigmasterol e -Sitosterol, as lactonas sesquiterpênicas 14-hidroxi-15[2-hidroximetilacriloiloxi]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8-olídeo, 14-hidroxi-15[2-hidroxi,2-metilpropanoiloxi]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8-olídeo e 14-hidroxi-15[2,3-epoxi,2-metilpropanoiloxi]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8-olídeo, os flavónóides Quercetina-3-O--galactosídeo e Rhamnazina e o ácido 3,4-diidroxi-benzóico. Apenas os espécimes de Ribeirão Preto e São Carlos apresentaram Friedelina. O extrato aquoso de M. cordifolia foi avaliado para atividade antiofídica, mostrando-se efetivo na diminuição do edema de pata de camundongo induzido por veneno de Bothrops moojeni. / In the present work, specimens of Mikania cordifolia collected at Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, Campos do Jordão and Monte Verde were analyzed comparatively for triterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids by chromatographic methods (GC and HPLC). All M. cordifolia specimens analyzed showed the triterpenoids -Amyrin, - Amyrin, Lupeol, Lupenone, Taraxasterol, Pseudotaraxasterol, -Amyrin Acetate, - Amyrin Acetate, Lupeol Acetate, Taraxasterol Acetate, Campesterol, Stigmasterol e -Sitosterol, the sesquiterpene lactones 14-hydroxy-15[2 -hydroxymethylacryloyloxygermacra- 1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8 -olide, 14-hydroxy-15[2 -hydroxy,2 - methylpropanoyloxy]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8 -olide e 14-hydroxy- 15[2 ,3 -epoxy,2 -methylpropanoyloxy]-germacra-1(10)E,4Z-11(13)-trien-12,8 -olide, the flavonoids Quercetin-3-O- -galactoside and Rhamnazyn and the compound 3,4- dihydroxy-benzoic acid. Only specimens collected at Ribeirão Preto and São Carlos showed Friedelin. The aqueous extract of M. cordifolia was evaluated for antiofidic activity and was found effective in reducing mice paw edema induced by venom of Bothrops moojeni

No description available.

Anredera cordifolia (Basellaceae), Madeira vine, is a perennial, semi- succulent climber native from Paraguay to southern Brazil and northern Argentina. It has a history of weediness and difficulty of control once established. In South Africa Madeira vine has a wide range and distribution with altitudes ranging from 10-1800m above sea level. Described as a transformer species, its sheer weight is capable of breaking branches off trees, causing the potential collapse of forest canopies. Chemical and mechanical control methods are expensive, labour intensive and may provide only temporary relief. A biological control programme was therefore initiated in 2003. Cf Phenrica sp. 2 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), was field collected from A. cordifolia in Brazil, SSW of Cascavel in the Paraná Province during a survey in November 2003. Eggs are laid in groups of 16 with the average fertility rate being 89%. After going though three larval instars, the larvae pupate in the soil with the adults eclosing after a period of 17 days. The total developmental time for a generation from egg to egg ranges between 7-8 weeks. Biological traits that favour the flea beetle as a possible biological control agent include long-lived adults (up to 5 months) and multiple generations during the summer period. Both adults and larvae feed extensively on leaves and stems and although developmental rates will slow down during the winter period, no indication of a definite diapause was found under the prevailing laboratory conditions. After completing the larval no-choice trials with twenty-six plant species from 14 plant families Phenrica sp. 2 proved to be adequately host specific, as larval development was only supported by 3 Basellaceae species (including the control A. cordifolia) and one Portulacaceae species. All of these are introduced species in South Africa. The only indigenous Basella species could not be tested as it has a very marginal distribution, and because it’s inconspicuous nature, it is seldom seen or collected. Adult multi-choice trials were restricted to species that could sustain larval development to give some indication of the acceptability of these species for adult feeding and oviposition. Although adult feeding was initially concentrated on B. alba, the oviposition preference was clear-cut as females only oviposited on A. cordifolia. In order to quantify the impact of Phenrica sp. 2 on plant biomass and to assess the incidence and intensity of foliar damage, a pair of adults was confined to the host plant, for 2 generations, with different levels of larval densities. The results indicated that the host plant, due to both larval and adult feeding, suffered leaf losses of up to 55%. Anredera cordifolia was however still capable of enlarging the root mass despite suffering huge leaf losses. This would imply that A. cordifolia has an effective re-growth capacity and it will only be vulnerable to attack of the storage organs that enable re-growth, or to repeated attack of other plant parts through which reserves are exhausted. Unfortunately the period of exposure (24 days) was too short to prove that Phenrica sp. 2 impacts on the below ground dry mass, but should the plant be completely defoliated, as was observed in the field, the host plant would be forced to deplete stored resources. Phenrica sp.2 has shown to be very host specific and although A.cordifoia loses its leaves during the winter period in most provinces in South Africa, the adults are long-lived and should be able to survive the leafless periods. Further more the relatively short life cycle, high fecundity and 3 generations per year should theoretically insure a strong population build-up that would improve the chances of establishment in the field. All indications are that Phenrica sp. 2 is an agent well worth considering for the biological control of A. cordifolia.