Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2016-08-31T19:39:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015GeorgiaMuccilloDexheimer.pdf: 1692655 bytes, checksum: 44476f343c262e53d202386e916adf5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2016-09-05T19:27:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015GeorgiaMuccilloDexheimer.pdf: 1692655 bytes, checksum: 44476f343c262e53d202386e916adf5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T19:27:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015GeorgiaMuccilloDexheimer.pdf: 1692655 bytes, checksum: 44476f343c262e53d202386e916adf5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08 / Terapias antitumorais baseadas em efeitos anti-inflamatórios vêm sendo consideradas no tratamento do câncer. A sobrevivência, proliferação e, eventualmente, invasão e metástase das células tumorais são reguladas por mediadores inflamatórios locais. Citocinas inflamatórias primárias, como o Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF), podem ser alvos para a terapia anticâncer. Diversos anti-inflamatórios isolados de produtos naturais vêm ganhando importância como quimiopreventivos e agentes terapêuticos para o câncer. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a expressão dos genes TNF-α, NF-κΒ e p38α, associados à proliferação e inflamação em células de linhagem Caco-2 tratadas com extratos etanólico e hexânico obtidos de Calyptranthes grandifolia O.Berg (Myrtaceae). Células Caco-2 foram cultivadas e tratadas com o extrato vegetal em diferentes concentrações (200, 100, 50 e 25 μg/mL), e estimuladas com LPS. Para análise da expressão gênica foi realizada a extração de RNA total pelo método de Trizol®, seguido da síntese de DNAc (DNA complementar) e análise por qPCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real). Dentre os genes avaliados, observou-se uma diminuição da expressão de TNF-α nas concentrações de 100 e 200 μg/mL apenas no extrato etanólico (p<0,025, ANOVA e Teste de Tukey). O gene p38α apresentou uma tendência a aumento da expressão apenas no tratamento com extrato etanólico e o gene NF-κΒ não apresentou variações significativas em ambos os extratos analisados. Pode-se concluir que o extrato etanólico pode apresentar atividade anti-inflamatória nas concentrações testadas através da diminuição de TNF-α. Contudo, estudos complementares como análises de genotoxicidade, proteína, dentre outras, devem ser realizadas a fim de confirmar o seu potencial efeito anti-inflamatório. / Anti-tumor therapies based on anti-inflammatory effects have been considered in cancer treatment. Survival, proliferation and, eventually, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells are regulated by local inflammatory mediators. Primary inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), can be targets for anticancer therapy. Several anti-inflammatory isolated from natural products are acquiring importance as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TNF-α, NF-κΒ and p38α genes, associated with proliferation and inflammation in Caco-2 cell line treated with ethanolic and hexanic extracts of Calyptranthes grandifolia O.Berg (Myrtaceae). Caco-2 cells were cultured and treated with plant extract at different concentrations (200, 100, 50 and 25 ug/ml) and stimulated with LPS. For gene expression analysis was performed a total RNA extraction by Trizol® method, followed by the synthesis of cDNA (complementary DNA) and analysis by qPCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction in Real Time). Among the evaluated genes, there was a decrease in TNF-α expression in 100 and 200 ug/ml concentrations only on ethanolic extract (p <0.025, ANOVA and Tukey test). The p38α gene showed a tendency to increase expression only in treatment with ethanolic extract and NF-κΒ gene did not present significant variations in both analyzed extracts. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract may present an anti-inflammatory activity on tested concentrations by decreasing TNF-α. However, further studies as genotoxicity analysis, protein, among others, should be performed to confirm its potential anti-inflammatory effect.

Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandwith y Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. H. Gentry son dos especies vegetales endémicas utilizadas en la medicina tradicional durante siglos por la población peruana para el tratamiento de problemas inflamatorios, dolores de cuerpo y reumatismo. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto hidroalcohólico de la corteza de Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandwith y el efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. H. Gentry. Materiales y Métodos: Los extractos hidroalcohólicos de ambas especies se obtuvieron con la corteza de A. grandifolia y las hojas de M. alliacea, las cuales fueron maceradas con etanol 96% y agua destilada (7:3). La Prueba Límite, test de toxicidad aguda (DL50), utilizó ratones hembras Mus musculus albinus balb/c adultas y se les administró por vía oral las diferentes dosis de los extractos (100, 1000, 2000 y 5000 mg/Kg). El test de Edema Pedal inducido por carragenina se realizó con ratas hembras cepa albina Sprague Dawley (150-200g). Éstas fueron agrupadas en 8 grupos (n=6) y tratadas por vía oral con los extractos de A. grandifolia (100, 300 y 600 mg/Kg), M. alliacea (25, 50 y 100 mg/Kg) y el fármaco standard (diclofenaco sódico 10 mg/mL) media hora antes de la aplicación del agente flogístico λ-carragenina. Resultados: DL50 para ambos extractos es mayor a 5000 mg/Kg. A. grandifolia, a las dosis de 600 y 300 mg/Kg, y M. alliacea, a las dosis de 100, 50 y 25 mg/Kg, fueron efectivas en reducir el edema pedal inducido por carragenina con porcentajes de eficacia antiinflamatoria de 45,74%, 30,88%, 20,91%, 29,94% y 19,80% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los extractos hidroalcohólicos de la corteza de A. grandifolia a las dosis de 300 y 600 mg/Kg, y de las hojas de M. alliacea a las dosis de 25, 50 y 100 mg/Kg tienen efecto antiinflamatorio. / Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandwith and Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) AH Gentry are two endemic species used in traditional medicine for centuries by the Peruvian population to treat inflammatory problems, body aches and rheumatism. Aim of the study: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandwith hydroalcoholic extract of the bark and anti-inflammatory effect of Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves. Materials and Methods: The hydroalcoholic extracts of both species were obtained from the bark of A. grandifolia and leaves of M. alliacea, which were macerated with 96% ethanol and distilled water (7: 3). Limit test, acute toxicity test (LD50) were carried out with Mus musculus albinus balb/c mice adults, they were orally administered with diferent doses of extracts (100, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/Kg). The Paw oedema induced by carrageenan test was carried out with Sprague Dawley albino female rats (150-200g). They were grouped into 8 groups (n = 6) and were treated orally with the extracts of A. grandifolia (100, 300 and 600 mg/Kg), M. alliacea (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and standard drug (diclofenac sodium 10mg/ml) half an hour before the application of the phlogistic agent λ-carrageenan. Results: LD50 for both extracts is greater than 5000 mg/Kg. A. grandifolia at doses of 600 and 300 mg/Kg and M. alliacea at doses of 100, 50 and 25 mg/kg, were effective in reducing carrageenan-induced paw oedema with efficacy anti-inflammatory percentages of 45,74%, 30,88%, 20,91%, 29,94% and 19,80% respectively. Conclusions: The A. grandifolia hydroalcoholic extract of the bark at doses of 300 and 600 mg/Kg, and M. alliacea hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg have antiinflammatory effect. Key words: paw oedema, hydroalcoholic extract, carrageenan, Abuta grandifolia, Mansoa alliacea, anti-inflammatory.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3035.pdf: 892381 bytes, checksum: ff6a3130c36121f43baf1fa3313e9b53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work aims to determine through bioassays the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts Gleichenella pectinata and Dicranopteris flexuosa adult and mature fronds in two physiological stages (fertile and sterile) over the percentage and average time of germination, besides initial growth of three species of crop weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla). Four aqueous treatments were made (0, 2,5 , 5 and 10%), with five replications. Each plot consisted of 30 seeds for germination tests and 10 seedlings for initial growth of root and hypocotyl / coleoptile. Root growth was the most sensitive parameter to G. pectinata and D. flexuosa allelochemicals, for the three target species. All extracts damaged root growth of target species, excepting the lower concentration of sterile fronds extracts over E. heterophylla. Sterile frond extracts caused a delay on E. crusgalli and E. heterophylla germination under concentrations 5 and 10%. The higher concentration of fertile frond extract decreased germination percentage of the three target species. All D. flexuosa extracts decreased root length of all target species. I. grandifolia was the most sensitive species due to D. flexuosa extracts, having showed decrease in all morphologic parameters. Both other target species also had their shoot part length growth suppressed under 5% and 10% concentrations. A soil experiment was also performed in order to verify the role of different treatments of D. flexuosa fronds on Lactuca sativa germination in presence or absence of microorganisms. Each treatment was tested with 4 lettuce seeds per vase, by 10 days with 6 replications. Treatments were tested in 6 periods of ten days each, related to the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th and 32nd days after treatments application. Light, moisture and temperature conditions were controlled. In general, non-sterilized substrates presented higher allelopathic effects over analyzed parameters. Among treatments, the pre-occupied soil exerted stronger effects, with inhibition of germination in non-sterilized, during the whole period of experiment. That must be an indicative of accumulated allelopathic substances under environmental conditions, and their prolonged effects. / No presente trabalho foram feitos bioensaios para determinar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos de frondes adultas de Gleichenella pectinata e de Dicranopteris flexuosa em dois estágios fisiológicos (fértil e estéril) sobre a porcentagem e o tempo médio de germinação, e crescimento inicial de três espécies de plantas infestantes de culturas (Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla). Foram feitos quatro tratamentos aquosos (0, 2,5 , 5 e 10%), com cinco repetições. Cada tratamento consistiu de 30 sementes para os experimentos de germinação e 10 plântulas para crescimento da radícula e do hipocótilo/coleóptilo. O crescimento das raízes foi o parâmetro mais sensível aos aleloquímicos de frondes de G. pectinata e de D. flexuosa, para as três espécies estudadas. Todos os extratos prejudicaram o crescimento da raiz das três espécies alvo, exceto a concentração 2,5% do extrato de frondes estéreis de G. pectinata sobre E. heterophylla. Os extratos de frondes estéreis de G. pectinata atrasaram a germinação de E. heterophylla e E. crus-galli nas concentrações 5 e 10%. A concentração 10% do extrato de fronde férteis reduziu a porcentagem de germinação das três espécies-alvo. Todos os extratos de D. flexuosa reduziram o sistema radicular de todas as espécies alvo. I. grandifolia foi a espécie mais sensível aos extratos de D. flexuosa, apresentando redução de todos os parâmetros morfológicos. As demais espécies alvo tiveram suas partes aéreas diminuídas pelas concentrações 5 e 10%. Foi realizado um experimento em solo para verificar o desempenho de diferentes tratamentos de D. flexuosa na germinação de Lactuca sativa, na presença e ausência de microrganismos. Cada um dos tratamentos foi testado com 4 sementes de alface /vaso durante seis períodos distintos de dez dias, referentes ao 1º, 2º, 4º, 8º, 16º e 32º dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, com 6 réplicas. As condições de luminosidade, umidade e temperatura foram controladas. Em geral, os substratos não esterilizados apresentaram maiores efeitos alelopáticos sobre os parâmetros analisados. Dentre os tratamentos, o solo pré ocupado por D. flexuosa, inibindo a germinação quando não esterilizado, durante todo e tempo de experimento. Isso comprova o acúmulo de substâncias alelopáticas em condições ambientais, e seu efeito prolongado.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Evalúa la eficacia reductora del nivel de glicemia al administrar vía oral el extracto acuoso de la Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) en ratas diabéticas inducidas por aloxano. Se usaron 30 ratas machos de 3 meses de edad, cepa Spraguedawley con un peso promedio (240+ 10 g), las cuales fueron randomizados y divididos en seis grupos (normal, control aloxano, tres dosis del extracto [100, 250 y 500 mg/Kg] y glibenclamida 10 mg/Kg). La diabetes fue inducida por inyección intraperitoneal de aloxano diluido en agua destilada a dosis de 100 mg/Kg a todos los animales excepto el grupo normal; después de 24 horas todas las ratas que presentaban un nivel de glucosa sanguínea mayor a 300 mg/dL fueron usados para el ensayo de tratamientos; los niveles de glucosa en sangre fueron determinados usando un glucómetro electrónico (Accu-Chek Active). Las dosis de glibenclamida de 100, 250 y 500 mg/Kg administradas tuvieron efecto hipoglicemiante en las diferentes horas evaluadas, sin embargo, la dosis de 250mg/Kg tuvo mejor efecto a partir de las 6 horas post administración del extracto acuoso manteniéndose hasta las 72 horas. Se concluye que la dosis de 250 mg/Kg es la que mejor reduce (p<0.05) el nivel de glucosa sanguíneo en ratas diabéticas inducidas por aloxano. / Tesis

Repeated partial cutting in the Appalachian hardwood region has often favored the development of tolerant species like American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and stands with a high proportion of cull trees. Crop tree release is a widely recommended practice to improve species composition and growth rates in these unevenaged structured stands. Chemical control offers some distinct advantages from the standpoint of safety and residual stand damage, over mechanical methods. Control of American beech was the primary focus of this study. Beech is a low value timber tree, normally considered difficult to control. It is a major competitor to more valuable trees, especially on better sites in the Appalachians. Research plots were established in hardwood stands at three sites in central West Virginia to evaluate the effectiveness of glyphosate (Accord), imazapyr (Arsenal AC and Chopper), and triclopyr (Garlon 3A and Garlon 4) using the hack-and-squirt application method and low volume basal spray treatments. In the injection treatments .051 fl oz (1.5 ml) of solution was used per inch of diameter (dbh). The basal spray treatments used 0.101 fl oz (3 ml) of solution per inch of diameter. The following concentrations were used: Accord (65.2%), Arsenal AC (7.5%), Garlon 3A (50%), Garlon 4 (26.25%), and Chopper (6.25% ). These concentrations were determined by using the highest costing injection and basal treatment at the lowest recommended labeled rate as standards, Garlon 3A and Chopper respectively. Eighteen 0.1 acre plots were systematically located at each study site where crop trees were present and to maximize the number of American beech on each plot. Crop trees, mostly black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) were chosen on a 0.025 acre subplot established at each plot center. All beech two inches and larger on the 0.1 acre plots and competing trees touching crop trees were treated in June 1998. The treatments were evaluated in September of 1998 and again in June of 1999. A numerical rating system ranging from 1-7, (0-100% crown affected), which utilized visual symptoms, was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. Trees receiving a rating of 5 (75 % crown control) or greater were considered controlled. The relationship between the kinds of herbicide, application method, and numerical rating were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance with an incomplete random factorial design. The most effective treatments for the three month evaluations were the Accord and Garlon 3A injection treatments. Average beech crown control ranged from 95-99% for Accord to 96-99% for Garlon 3A across all study sites. The basal spray treatments were not effective. Average crown control ranged from 1-22%, across all study sites. Accord, Garlon 3A, and Arsenal AC were the most effective treatments for the 12 month evaluations, with average beech crown control ranging from 99-100% across all study sites. The imazapyr treatments (Arsenal Ac and Chopper) had adverse effects on the crop trees and are not recommended for hardwood crop tree release. The cost effectiveness based on treatment costs and the amount of basal area (BA) controlled were averaged for all study sites. The average treatment costs based on the 12 month evaluations expressed in dollars/ft2 BA controlled were as follows: Accord ($0.91), Garlon 3A ($1.04), Arsenal AC ($0.84), Garlon 4 ($15.09), and Chopper ($7.74). NE-TWIGS was used to predict future composition and value of the projected stands. The stem injection treatments decreased the amount of beech and increased the amount of black cherry sawtimber thereby dramatically increasing the future value of the stands. Real rates of return were calculated for the stem injection (8.81%) and low-volume basal spray (-0.81%). / Master of Science

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